ǧÄê¹ÜÀí˼Ïë̽Դ-µÚ14½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
££¨4£©¶ÔÆóÒµµÄ³É¹û½øÐзÖÎö£¬²¢¶ÔÆóÒµµÄËùÓÐÈËÔ±µÄ¹¤×÷½øÐÐÆÀ¼Û¡££¨5£©Ê¹Ö°¹¤µÃµ½³É³¤ºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£¾ÀíÖ´ÐÐÆäÖ°ÄܵÄÇé¿öÈçºÎ£¬½«Ê¹Ö°¹¤¸üÒ×ÓÚ»ò¸üÄÑÓÚ·¢Õ¹×Ô¼ºµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
245ª±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛ×éÖ¯½á¹¹Ò»
Ê×ÏÈ£¬×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄÉè¼ÆÊÇÐèҪ˼¿¼¡¢·ÖÎöºÍϵͳÑо¿µÄ¡£Æä´Î£¬Éè¼ÆÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯½á¹¹²¢²»ÊǵÚÒ»²½£¬¶øÊÇ×îºóÒ»²½¡£µÚÒ»²½ÊÇÈ·¶¨Ò»¸ö×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄ»ù±¾¹¹Ô쵥룬¼´ÄÇЩ±ØÐë°üº¬ÔÚ×îºó½á¹¹Ö®ÄÚ²¢³Ðµ£Òѽ¨³É´óÏõĸººÉµÄÒµÎñ»î¶¯¡£×îºó£¬Õ½ÂÔ¾ö¶¨½á¹¹¡£Õ½ÂÔ¾ö¶¨×Å×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄ×ÚÖ¼£¬ÓÐЧµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¾ÍÊÇʹÕâЩ¹Ø¼ü»î¶¯Äܹ»½øÐй¤×÷²¢È¡µÃ³É¾ÍµÄÄÇÖÖ×éÖ¯Éè¼Æ¡£¶øÕâЩ¹Ø¼ü»î¶¯·´¹ýÀ´³ÉΪһ¸öÄܽøÐй¤×÷³ÐÊܸºÔصÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹ÒªËØ¡£
¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¶þ
×éÖ¯½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ¹æ·¶ÊÇ£º£¨1£©Ã÷È·ÐÔ¡£×éÖ¯ÖеÄÈκÎÒ»¸ö¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ¡¢ÈκÎÒ»¸öÈ˶¼Ó¦¸ÃÓÐÃ÷È·µÄλÖᣣ¨2£©¾¼ÃÐÔ¡£ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆ¡¢¼à¶½¡¢Òýµ¼ÈËÃÇÈ¡µÃ³É¼¨µÄÁ¦Á¿Ó¦¸Ã±£³ÖÔÚ×îµÍÏ޶ȣ¬Á¼ºÃµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹Ó¦¸ÃÊÇʹÈË×ÔÎÒ¿ØÖÆ¡¢×ÔÎÒ¼¤Àø¡££¨3£©Ô¶¾°·½Ïò¡£×éÖ¯½á¹¹Ó¦¸ÃÒýµ¼Ã¿¸ö¹ÜÀí²¿ÃźÍÿ¸öÈ˵ÄÔ¶¾°£¬Ê¹ÆäΪȡµÃÕû¸öÆóÒµµÄ³É¼¨¶ø×ö³öŬÁ¦¡££¨4£©Àí½â±¾ÉíµÄÈÎÎñ¡££¨5£©¾ö²ß¡£×éÖ¯½á¹¹±ØÐëÄÜʹ×éÖ¯×ö³öÕýÈ·µÄ¾ö²ß²¢ÄÜ°ÑÕâЩ¾ö²ßת»¯Îª¹¤×÷Éϵijɾ͡££¨6£©Îȶ¨ÐÔºÍÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ¡£ÄܶÔδÀ´½øÐв»¶Ï¹æ»®£¬µ«ÊÇ×öµ½Îȶ¨¶ø²»½©»¯¡££¨7£©ÓÀ´æÐÔºÍ×ÔÎÒ¸üС£Ò»¸öÁ¼ºÃµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹£¬±ØÐëÄܹ»´ÓÄÚ²¿²úÉúδÀ´µÄÁìµ¼Õߣ¬Äܹ»ÔÚÿһ²ã´ÎÉÏÅàÑøºÍ¿¼²ìÿһ¸öÈ˵£Èθü¸ßÒ»¼¶Ö°Î»µÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
246ª±×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄÀàÐÍ
µÂ³¿ËÈÏΪ£¬Ä¿Ç°»ù±¾ÉÏÓÐ5Öֽṹ¡£ÆäÖÐÖ°ÄÜÖƺÍÊÂÒµ²¿ÖÆÊÇ´ó¼Ò¶¼ÊìϤµÄ¡£ÁíÓÐ3ÖÖÊÇеģ¬¼´¹æ»®¡ª¡ªÄ¿±ê½á¹¹£¨¾ØÕó½á¹¹£©£¬Ä£Äâ·ÖȨÖƽṹ£¬ÏµÍ³½á¹¹¡£°´×éÖ¯Éè¼ÆËùÒÀ¾ÝµÄ×¼ÔòÀ´»®·Ö£¬Ôò¿É·ÖΪÈý´óÀְࣺÄÜÖƽṹ¡¢¾ØÕó½á¹¹ÊÇÒÔ¹¤×÷ºÍÈÎÎñΪÖÐÐĵÄ×éÖ¯Éè¼Æ£¬ÊÂÒµ²¿ÖƺÍÄ£ÄâÊÂÒµ²¿ÖÆÊÇÒԳɹûΪÖÐÐĵÄ×éÖ¯Éè¼Æ£¬¶øϵͳ½á¹¹ÊÇÒÔ¹ØϵΪÖÐÐĵÄ×éÖ¯Éè¼Æ¡£
247ª±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛ¹ÜÀí¼¼ÄÜÒ»
×ö³öÓÐЧ¾ö²ß¡£¾ÑéѧÅÉÈÏΪ£¬¹ÜÀíÊÇÌØÊâµÄ¹¤×÷£¬Òò¶øÒªÓÐһЩ¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨£º×ö³öÓÐЧµÄ¾ö²ß£¬ÔÚ×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿ºÍÍⲿ½øÐÐÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµ£¬ÕýÈ·ÔËÓÿØÖƺͺâÁ¿£¬ÕýÈ·ÔËÓ÷ÖÎö¹¤¾ß¡£¾ÀíÒªÄܹ»ÕÆÎÕÕâЩ¼¼ÄÜ£¬²¢Ê¹Ã¿Ò»¸ö¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¶¼±ØÐë¶ÔÕâЩ»ù±¾µÄ¹ÜÀí¼¼ÄÜÓÐËùÁ˽⡣
¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛ¹ÜÀí¼¼Äܶþ
ÓÐЧµØ½øÐÐÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµ±ØÐë°ÑÖصã·ÅÔÚ±»½ÓÊÜÕߺͷ¢³öÕßË«·½¶¼Öª¾õµ½µÄ¶«Î÷ÉÏ£¬·ÅÔÚËûÃǹ²Í¬µÄ¶«Î÷ÉÏ£¬·ÅÔÚÔ¤¶¨µÄÐÅÏ¢½ÓÊÜÕßÒÑÓж¯»úµÄ¶«Î÷ÉÏ¡£±ØÐë´ÓÒ»¿ªÊ¼¾ÍÁ˽⵽Ԥ¶©µÄÐÅÏ¢½ÓÊÜÕߵļÛÖµ¹Û¡¢ÐÅÄîºÍÆÚÍû¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÊÇÓÐЧÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµµÄÒ»¸öÏȾöÌõ¼þ¡£
248ª±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÒ»
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÊÇʹ¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ºÍ¹ã´óÖ°¹¤ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐʵÐÐ×ÔÎÒ¿ØÖÆ£¬²¢´ïµ½¹¤×÷Ä¿±êµÄÒ»ÖÖ¹ÜÀí¼¼Äܺ͹ÜÀíÖƶȡ£¹¤ÒµÉú²úµÄ½ø²½ÒªÇóÀ©´ó¹ÜÀíµÄ·¶Î§£¬°Ñ¹¤ÈËÒ²ÎüÒýÀ´²Î¼Ó¹ÜÀí¡£Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí×ÛºÏÁËÒÔ¹¤×÷ΪÖÐÐĺÍÒÔÈËΪÖÐÐĵĹÜÀí¼¼Äܺ͹ÜÀíÖƶȣ¬ÄÜʹְ¹¤·¢ÏÖ¹¤×÷µÄÐËȤºÍ¼ÛÖµ£¬´Ó¹¤×÷ÖÐÂú×ãÆä×ÔÎÒʵÏÖµÄÐèÒª£¬ÆóÒµµÄÄ¿±êÒ²Òò¶øʵÏÖ¡£
¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÂÛÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¶þ
Ôڵ³¿ËÖ®ºó¶ÔÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ×ö³öÁËÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵ݵϰ¶÷Ôø¸øÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÏÂÁËÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¶¨Ò壺¡°¼òÑÔÖ®£¬Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÖƶȿÉÒÔÃèÊöΪÈçÏÂÒ»¸ö¹ý³Ì£ºÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯ÖеÄÉϼ¶ºÍϼ¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ò»ÆðÖƶ¨¹²Í¬µÄÄ¿±ê¡£Í¬Ã¿Ò»¸öÈ˵ÄÓ¦ÓгɹûÏàÁªÏµ£¬¹æ¶¨ËûµÄÖ÷ÒªÖ°Ôð·¶Î§£¬²¢ÓÃÕâЩ´ëÊ©À´×÷Ϊ¾ÓªÒ»¸öµ¥Î»ºÍÆÀ¼ÛÆäÿһ¸ö³ÉÔ±µÄ¹±Ï×µÄÖ¸µ¼¡£¡±
249ª±Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÖÐÄ¿±êµÄ·ÖÀà
ÆóÒµÖеÄÄ¿±ê¿É·ÖΪսÂÔÐÔÄ¿±ê¡¢²ßÂÔÐÔÄ¿±êÒÔ¼°·½°¸ºÍÈÎÎñ£¬·Ö±ðÓÉÆóÒµÖеĸ÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ºÍÒ»°ãÖ°¹¤À´Öƶ¨¡£
250ª±Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þÒ»
¸ß²ã¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±µÄ²Î¼Ó¡£×ܾÀíºÍÆäËû¸ß²ãÁìµ¼ÈËÔ±±ØÐë»ý¼«²Î¼ÓÖƶ¨ºÍʵÏÖ¹«Ë¾µÄÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êºÍ¸ß¼¶²ßÂÔÄ¿±ê¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þ¶þ
ϼ¶ÈËÔ±±ØÐë»ý¼«²Î¼ÓÄ¿±êµÄÖƶ¨ºÍʵÏÖ¡£Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí¼Æ»®Ö®ËùÒÔÄÜÆð¼¤Àø×÷Óò¢¸ÄÉÆÈ˼ʹØϵ£¬¾ÍÊÇÒòΪËüÄÜÎüÒý¸÷¼¶¾ÀíÈËÔ±ºÍ¹ã´óÖ°¹¤²Î¼ÓÖƶ¨Ä¿±ê£¬²¢ÎªÄ¿±êµÄʵÏֳе£ÔðÈΡ£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þÈý
Óгä·ÖµÄÇ鱨×ÊÁÏ¡£Öƶ¨ÓÐЧµÄÄ¿±ê¾ÍÒªÓгä·Ö¶ø¾«È·µÄÇ鱨×ÊÁÏ¡£¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Èç¹û²»Á˽â¸ß²ãÁìµ¼Öƶ¨µÄÄ¿±ê£¬¾Í²»ÄÜÊʵ±µØÖƶ¨ËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÄ¿±ê¡£´ËÍ⣬¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±»¹±ØÐëÕÆÎÕÓйسɱ¾¡¢¿ÉÓÃ×ÊÔ´¡¢Í¬Ê¼°ÆäËûÈ˵ÄÐ×÷ÒâÔ¸¡¢Êг¡Ìõ¼þ¡¢×Ô¼ºµÄÐÐΪ¶ÔÆóÒµÄÚÆäËûµ¥Î»µÄÓ°ÏìµÈ·½ÃæµÄÇ鱨×ÊÁÏ¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þËÄ
¶ÔʵÏÖÄ¿±êµÄÊÖ¶ÎÓпØÖÆȨ¡£ÒªÊ¹Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦£¬Ò»¸ö¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ó¦¸Ã¶ÔʵÏÖÄ¿±êµÄһЩÊֶΣ¨Éú²ú¹ý³Ì¡¢ÈËÔ±¡¢Îï×Ê¡¢×ʽð£©ÓÐÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈµÄ¿ØÖÆȨ¡£·ñÔò£¬Ä¿±êËäÈ»Öƶ¨ÁË£¬È´²»ÄÜÓ°Ïì¹ÜÀíÐÐΪ²¢È¡µÃ³É¹û¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þÎå
¶ÔÓÉÓÚʵÐÐÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¶ø´øÀ´µÄ·çÏÕÒªÓèÒÔ¼¤Àø¡£ÊµÐÐÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÒÔºó£¬Ã¿¸öÈ˶¼ÒªÎªÊµÏÖÒ»¶¨µÄÄ¿±ê¶ø³Ðµ£ÔðÈΡ£ÒÔÍùÊÇ°´ÕÕ¸÷ÈË×öµÄ¹¤×÷À´¶ÔÖ°¹¤½øÐÐÆÀ¼ÛµÄ£¬ÖÁÓÚÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½Ò»¶¨Ä¿±ê£¬Ö°¹¤²¢²»³Ðµ£Ê²Ã´ÔðÈΡ£ÏÖÔÚ£¬Ëû¾ÍÒª³Ðµ£Ò»¶¨µÄ·çÏÕ¡ª¡ªÄ¿±êÈô²»ÄÜʵÏÖ£¬¾Í»áÓ°Ïì¶ÔËûµÄÆÀ¼Û¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí³É¹¦µÄÏȾöÌõ¼þÁù
¶ÔÖ°¹¤ÒªÓÐÐÅÐÄ¡£ÏàÐÅÖ°¹¤ÄÜÖƶ¨Ä¿±ê²¢³Ðµ£ÊµÏÖÄ¿±êµÄÔðÈΣ¬ÏàÐÅÈ˵ı¾ÐÔÔ¸Òâ³Ðµ£ÔðÈΡ¢Äܹ»×ÔÐÅ¡¢Ô¸ÒâÉϽøºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£ÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíµ±¾ÖºÍÖ°¹¤Á½·½Ã涼ӦÔÚ̬¶ÈÉÏÓÐËùת±ä£¬²ÅÄÜʹĿ±ê¹ÜÀí»ñµÃ³É¹¦¡£
251ª±Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚÒ»½×¶Î
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚÒ»½×¶ÎÊÇÖƶ¨Ä¿±ê¡£ÕâÒ»½×¶ÎÊ®·ÖÖØÒª¡£Ä¿±êÓúÊÇÃ÷È·¡¢¾ßÌå¡¢ÊýÁ¿»¯£¬ÔòʵÏÖÄ¿±êµÄ¹ý³Ì¹ÜÀíºÍ¶Ô³É¹ûµÄ¼ì²éÓëÆÀ¼ÛÒ²ÓúÈÝÒס£Õû¸öÆóÒµÖƶ¨Ò»Äê»òÒ»¸öʱÆÚµÄÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±ê£¬¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÖƶ¨²¿ÃÅҪʵÏֵIJßÂÔÄ¿±ê£¬Ã¿¸öÖ°¹¤Öƶ¨×Ô¼ºµÄÄ¿±ê£¨·½°¸ºÍÈÎÎñ£©¡£ÕâÑùÐγÉÁËÒ»¸öÄ¿±êÌåϵ¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚ¶þ½×¶Î
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚ¶þ½×¶ÎÊÇʵÏÖÄ¿±êµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ÕâÒ²ÊÇÁ¬½ÓµÚÒ»½×¶ÎµÄµÚÁù²½£¬ÔÚÒ»°ã¼à¶½ÏÂΪʵÏÖÄ¿±ê¶ø½øÐйý³Ì¹ÜÀí¡£Ö÷ÒªÓÉÖ°¹¤×ÔÖ÷¹ÜÀí»ò×ÔÎÒ¿ØÖÆ£¬Éϼ¶Ö»ÊǸù¾ÝÀýÍâÔÔò¶ÔÖØ´óµÄÎÊÌâ²Å¹ýÎʺ͸ÉÔ¤¡£Éϼ¶Ö»Ðè¼ÓÒÔÖ§³ÖºÍÓÕµ¼£¬¹ÄÀøÖ°¹¤ÎªÊµÏÖ×Ô¼ºµÄÄ¿±ê¶øŬÁ¦¡£ÓÉÓÚÖ°¹¤µÄ¸öÈËÄ¿±êºÍ¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±µÄ²ßÂÔÄ¿±êÊÇÒÔÕû¸öÆóÒµµÄÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êΪÒÀ¾ÝµÄ£¬µ±Ö°¹¤µÄ¸öÈËÄ¿±êºÍ¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±µÄ²ßÂÔÄ¿±êʵÏÖʱ£¬ÆóÒµµÄÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êÒ²¾ÍʵÏÖÁË¡£
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚÈý½×¶Î
Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄµÚÈý½×¶ÎÊǶԳɹû½øÐмì²éºÍÆÀ¼Û£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÁ¬½ÓÉÏÁ½¸ö½×¶ÎµÄµÚÆß²½¡£°ÑʵÏֵĽá¹ûͬÔÀ´Öƶ¨µÄÄ¿±êÏà±È½Ï£¬¶Ô×öµÃºÃµÄ£¬¿Ï¶¨³É¼¨£¬ÓèÒÔ¸÷ÖÖÐÎʽµÄ½±Àø£»¶Ô×öµÃ²»ºÃµÄ£¬Ò»°ã²¢²»ÓèÒԳͷ££¬¶øÊǾ¡Á¿Ê¹¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ºÍÖ°¹¤×Ô¼º×ܽá½Ìѵ£¬Éϼ¶ÓèÒÔ¸¨µ¼£¬ÒԱ㽫À´¸üºÃµØ·¢»Ó×Ô¼ºµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬ÎªÆóÒµ×ö³ö¹±Ïס£×îºóÒ»²½ÊÇ°ÑÕâÒ»¸öÖÜÆÚÖÐ×ܽá³öÀ´µÄ¾ÑéºÍ½ÌѵӦÓõ½Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÏÂÒ»¸öÖÜÆÚÖÐÈ¥£¬ÒԱ㲻¶ÏµØÌá¸ßÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÕâÑù£¬Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí¾Í³ÉΪһ¸ö¶¯Ì¬»·¾³¡£
252ª±Öƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ²½ÖèÒ»¡ª¡ª×¼±¸
¶Ô¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ºÍ×¼±¸²Î¼ÓÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÈËԱϵͳµØÌṩÓйØÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÐÔÖʺÍÀûÒæµÄÇ鱨£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܵØʹ²Î¼ÓÕßÁ˽â×Ô¼ºÔÚÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÖеĸöÈËÀûÒæºÍÖ°ÄÜ£¬²¢Ïû³ýËûÃǵĹËÂÇ¡£
Öƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ²½Öè¶þ¡ª¡ª¸ß²ãÁìµ¼Öƶ¨Õ½ÂÔÄ¿±ê
ÓÉÆóÒµµÄ¸ß²ãÁìµ¼Öƶ¨Õ½ÂÔÄ¿±ê£¬ÕâÒ»²½Ðë×¢ÒâÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êÒª×ã¹»¿í·º£¬ÒÔ±ãÔÚÇé¿ö¸´ÔÓʱÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ»ú¶¯ÓàµØ¡£Õ½ÂÔÄ¿±êÒª±íÊöΪÆóÒµ×¼±¸´ïµ½µÄ¸÷ÖÖ±ê×¼£¬ÈçÔÚµÀµÂºÍ·¨ÂɵÄÏÞ¶ÈÄÚÈ¡µÃ×î´óµÄÀûÈó£¬Í¨¹ýÏòÆóÒµ³ÉÔ±ÌṩÉú²úÂÊ¡¢²¹³¥¡¢ÌôÕ½µÈ·½ÃæµÄ»ú»áÀ´¼¤ÀøËûÃÇ£¬µÈµÈ¡£
Öƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ²½ÖèÈý¡ª¡ª¸÷¹ÜÀí½×²ãÖƶ¨²ßÂÔÄ¿±ê
Óɸ÷¹ÜÀí½×²ãÖƶ¨ÊÔ̽ÐԵIJßÂÔÄ¿±ê¡£ÕâЩ²ßÂÔÄ¿±ê£¨°üÀ¨¸ß²ãÁìµ¼Öƶ¨µÄ¸ß¼¶²ßÂÔÄ¿±ê£©ÊÇÊÔ̽ÐԵģ¬¿ÉÓèÒԸı䡣
Öƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ²½ÖèËÄ¡ª¡ª¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±½¨Òé¡¢
ÌÖÂÛ²¢ÐÞ¸ÄÄ¿±ê·¢¶¯¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ìá³ö¸÷ÖÖ½¨Ò飬Ï໥ÌÖÂÛ²¢ÐÞ¸ÄÄ¿±ê¡£¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ìá³öµÄ½¨Ò飬ÓÐʱҪ¾¹ý·´¸´ÌÖÂÛºÍÐ޸IJÅÄܶ¨ÏÂÀ´¡£ÕâÑùËäȻҪ·ÑЩʱ¼ä£¬µ«ÄÜÈôó¼Ò°ÑÒâ¼û¶¼½²³öÀ´£¬²¢Ê¹Ã¿¸öÈ˶¼¸Ðµ½ÊÇËû×Ô¼º¶¨µÄ¼Æ»®£¬ÄÜÌá¸ßʵÏּƻ®µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ¡£
Öƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ²½ÖèÎ塪¡ª¶ÔÄ¿±êºÍÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼´ï³ÉÒ»ÖÂ
ͨ¹ý¸÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¶Ô½¨ÒéµÄÌÖÂÛºÍÐ޸ģ¬¾Í¸÷ÏîÄ¿±êºÍÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼´ï³ÉÒ»Ö£¬ÐγÉÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄÄ¿±êÌåϵ¡£Ã¿Ò»¼¶´ï³ÉÒ»ÖµÄÄ¿±êºÍÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼Òª±¨ËÍÉÏÒ»¼¶¡£
253ª±Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÖðÈÕ°²ÅÅ
ΪÁËʹĿ±ê¹ÜÀí¼Æ»®¹á³¹ÓÚÈÕ³£»î¶¯ÖУ¬±ØÐëÒÔÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¼Æ»®ÎªÒÀ¾Ý£¬×ö³öÖðÈյݲÅÅ£º£¨1£©¿ªÊ¼¡£½ñÌìÓÐʲôÏîÄ¿Ó¦¸Ã¿ªÊ¼£¿£¨2£©¼ÌÐø¡£½ñÌìÓÐʲôÏîÄ¿Ó¦¸Ã¼ÌÐø½øÐУ¿£¨3£©Íê³É¡£½ñÌìÓÐʲôÏîÄ¿Ó¦¸ÃÍê³É£¿£¨4£©ÏȺó´ÎÐò¡£½ñÌìµÄ¹¤×÷Ó¦¸Ã°´Ê²Ã´´ÎÐòÀ´°²ÅÅ£¬ÒÔ±ãÓÐЧµØÀûÓÃ×ÊÔ´²¢Ôڹ涨µÄʱ¼äÄÚÍê³É£¿£¨5£©¼ì²é¡£½ñÌìÓÐʲôÏîÄ¿Ó¦¸Ã¼ì²éÆä½øÐÐÇé¿ö£¬ÒÔ±ãÈçÆÚÍê³É£¿£¨6£©Ê±¼ä°²ÅÅ¡£
254ª±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÀíÂÛÆÀÎö
¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÈÏΪ£º¡°¹é¸ùµ½µ×£¬¹ÜÀíÊÇÒ»ÖÖʵ¼ù£¬Æä±¾Öʲ»ÔÚÓÚ¡®Öª¡¯¶øÔÚÓÚ¡®ÐС¯£¬ÆäÑéÖ¤²»ÔÚÓÚÂß¼£¬¶øÔÚÓڳɹû£¬Î©Ò»È¨Íþ¾ÍÊdzɾ͡£¡±Òò´Ë£¬¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ¡°×Ôʵ¼ù²úÉú¶øÓÖÒÔʵ¼ùΪ¹éËÞ¡£¡±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅÉÖ÷ÕÅͨ¹ý·ÖÎö¾Ñ飨ͨ³£Ò²¾ÍÊÇһЩ°¸Àý£©À´Ñо¿¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ¡£
255ª±¾ÑéÖ÷ÒåѧÅɵÄÌصã
µÚÒ»£¬Ö÷Òª´ú±íÈËÎï¼æÈÎÖØÒª¹ÜÀíÖ°Îñ¡£ÀýÈ磬µÂ³¿Ë¼ÈÊÇŦԼ´óѧµÄ¹ÜÀíѧ½ÌÊÚ£¬ÓÖÊÇÖÚ¶àÃÀ¹ú´ó¹«Ë¾£¨Í¨ÓÃÆû³µ¹«Ë¾¡¢¹ú¼ÊÉÌÓûúÆ÷¹«Ë¾¡¢¿ËÀ³Ë¹ÀÕ¹«Ë¾£©¹ËÎÊ¡£ËûÓÚ1945Ä껹´´°ìÁ˵³¿Ë¹ÜÀí×Éѯ¹«Ë¾£¬²¢Èζʳ¤¡£
µÚ¶þ£¬×¢ÒâÀíÂÛÑо¿ºÍʵ¼ù»î¶¯½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬×¢ÒâÎüÊչŵäѧÅɺÍÈ˼ʹØϵѧÅɵÄÀíÂÛ¡£
256ª±¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉÊÇ20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú²ÅÔÚÎ÷·½³öÏÖµÄÒ»¸ö¹ÜÀíѧÅÉ£¬ÊÇÓ¢ÎÄManagement¡¡Roles¡¡ApproachµÄÒâÒë¡£ËüÒÔ¶Ô¾ÀíËùµ£ÈνÇÉ«µÄ·ÖÎöΪÖÐÐÄÀ´¿¼ÂǾÀíµÄÖ°ÎñºÍ¹¤×÷£¬ÒÔÇóÌá¸ß¹ÜÀíЧÂÊ¡£ËûÃÇËù½²µÄ¡°¾Àí¡±ÊÇÖ¸Ò»¸öÕýʽ×éÖ¯»ò×éÖ¯µ¥Î»µÄÖ÷Òª¸ºÔðÈË£¬ÓµÓÐÕýʽµÄȨÁ¦ºÍְλ¡£½ÇÉ«¾ÍÊÇÊôÓÚÒ»¶¨Ö°Ôð»òµØλµÄÒ»Ì×ÀíÐÔµÄÐÐΪ¡£
257ª±¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïÒ»
ºàÀû¡¤Ã÷´Ä²®¸ñ¡£ËûÓÚ1961ÄêÔÚ¼ÓÄôóÂ󼪶û´óѧ»ñ»úе¹¤³Ìѧʿ£¬1962Äê»ñÇÇÖΡ¤ÍþÁ®Ê¿´óѧÎÄѧѧʿ£¬1965Äê»ñµÃÃÀ¹úÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§Ôº¹ÜÀíѧ˶ʿ£¬1968Äê»ñµÃ¸ÃԺ˹¡¹ÜÀíѧԺ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»¡£1973Äê³ö°æµÄ¡¶¾Àí¹¤×÷µÄÐÔÖÊ¡·ÊÇÃ÷´Ä²®¸ñµÄÖ÷Òª´ú±í×÷£¬Ò²ÊǾÀí½ÇɫѧÅÉ×îÔç³ö°æµÄ¾µäÖø×÷¡£¸ÃÊéÊÇÒÔËû1968ÄêÍê³ÉµÄ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»ÂÛÎÄ¡¶¹¤×÷ÖеľÀí¡ª¡ªÓÉÓнṹµÄ¹Û²ìÈ·¶¨µÄ¾ÀíµÄ»î¶¯¡¢½ÇÉ«ºÍ³ÌÐò¡·ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûÓйصÄÎÄÏ×Ϊ»ù´¡Ð´³ÉµÄ¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎï¶þ
ÇÇÀ¼¡£ÇÇÀ¼Óýṹ·ÖÎöµÄ·½·¨¶Ô3¸öС¹«Ë¾µÄ×ܾÀíËùµ£Èεĸ÷ÖÖ½ÇÉ«½øÐÐÁËÑо¿£¬²¢ÓÚ1969Äê³ö°æÁË¡¶Ð¡¹«Ë¾µÄ¾Àí¡·Ò»Êé¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïÈý
¿Æ˹͢¡£¿Æ˹͢¶Ô200¸öÖвã¾ÀíËùµ£Èεĸ÷ÖÖ½ÇÉ«½øÐÐÁËÑо¿£¬²¢ÓÚ1970Äê³ö°æÁË¡¶¹¤ÉÌÒµºÍÕþ¸®ÖеĹÜÀíÂÖÀª¡·Ò»Êé¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïËÄ
Ó¢¹úµÄ±´¿Ë˹¡£±´¿Ë˹ÓÚ1971Äê9ÔÂÔÚÓ¢¹úÔ˳ïѧѧ»áÕÙ¿ªµÄ´ó»áÉÏÐû¶ÁÁË¡¶¶Ô±ä¶¯»·¾³ÖеľÀí½ÇÉ«µÄijЩ¹Û²ì¡·Ò»ÎÄ¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïÎå
Èø¶û±öºÍ°¬Âס£Á½ÈËÓÚ1968Äê·¢±íÁË¡¶½ÇÉ«ÀíÂÛÂÛ¡·Ò»ÎÄ¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïÁù
ÍÐÂí˹ºÍ±ÈµÂ¶û¡£Á½ÈËÓÚ1966Äê³ö°æÁË¡¶½ÇÉ«ÀíÂÛ£º¸ÅÄîºÍÑо¿¡¡¡·Ò»Êé¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎïÆß
ÍÐÂíÉ¡£ÍÐÂíÉÓÚ1966Äê·¢±íÁËÌâΪ¡¶¾Àí¹¤×÷½ÇÉ«ºÍ¹Øϵ¡·ÂÛÎÄ¡£
258ª±¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅɵÄÌصã
ËûÃDzÉÈ¡µÄ·½·¨ÊÇ£¬Ò»·½Ãæ²ÉÓÃÈռǵķ½·¨¶Ô¾ÀíµÄ¹¤×÷»î¶¯½øÐÐϵͳµÄ¹Û²ì¼ÇÔØ£¬ÁíÒ»·½ÃæÓÖÔÚ¹Û²ìµÄ¹ý³ÌÖ®Öм°¹Û²ì½áÊøÒÔºó¶Ô¾ÀíµÄ¹¤×÷ÄÚÈݽøÐзÖÀà¡£ÕâÑù£¬¼ÈµÃµ½ÁËÓйؾÀí¹¤×÷ÌصãµÄ×ÊÁÏ£¬Óֵõ½ÁËÓйؾÀí¹¤×÷ÄÚÈݵÄÃèÊö£¬´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔ¸üÉîÈëµØÁ˽â¾Àí¹¤×÷µÄʵÖÊ¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉÂÛ¾Àí¹¤×÷µÄÌصãÒ»
¹¤×÷Á¿´ó£¬½Ú×à½ôÕÅ¡£ÓÉÓÚÈ«Ã渺ÔðÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯»ò×éÖ¯ÖеÄÒ»¸öµ¥Î»µÄ¹¤×÷£¬²¢ÒªÍ¬Íâ½çÁªÏµ£¬ËùÒÔ¾Àí×ÜÓдóÁ¿µÄ¹¤×÷Òª×ö£¬±ØÐëºÁ²»ËÉи£¬±£³Ö½Ï¿ìµÄ¹¤×÷½Ú×࣬¶øÇÒºÜÉÙÓÐÐÝϢʱ¼ä¡£
¾Àí½ÇɫѧÅÉÂÛ¾Àí¹¤×÷µÄÌصã¶þ
»î¶¯¶ÌÔÝ¡¢¶àÑù¶øËöËé¡£Éç»áÉϵĴó¶àÊýÈ˵Ť×÷ÊÇרҵ»¯º