魔法英语同步新课堂(高二·下)-第11节
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y等。
The question is that he is also short of money。问题是他也缺钱。
The question is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not。问题是他是否会同意这个建议。
The important thing is what a man does； not what he says。重要的是一个人做什么，而不是说什么。
That is why she left her hometown in her teens。那就是她十几岁离开家乡的原因。
Unit 14 Freedom fighters单元语法知识归纳
被动语态用法小结
语态用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的发出者时，应用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，应用被动语态。只有及物动词或相当于及动词的动词短语才有被动语态。
1。带双宾语的动词变为被动语态
带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，双宾语之一变为句中的主语，另一个宾语保持不变。通常是将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。
He told me a story。 →I was told a story。→A story was told to me。
2。“get ＋ 过去分词”表示的被动语态
“get ＋ 过去分词”这种用法口语化，其含义是强调动作的结果。这种结构中，通常不用“by ＋ 动作的执行者”。常用短语有：get broken； get burnt； get hurt； get killed； get lost； get married； get wounded等。
She got hurt in the car accident last week。她在上周的车祸中受伤了。
3。一些相当于及物动词的短语动词可用于被动语态。这时，短语动词在被动语态结构中是一个不可分割的整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词等。这类短语动词有look after； take care of； put on； take off； call on； call at； put down等。具体分类如下：
①动词＋介词。
The children are being looked after well there。孩子们目前在那儿受到很好的照料。
②动词＋副词。
The radio has been turned on。收音机已经打开。
③动词＋名词＋介词。
Your pronunciation must be paid attention to。你的发音得注意一下。
④动词＋副词＋介词。
They were looked down upon in the city。他们在城里受歧视。
4。带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态是原句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
①若宾语补足语是带to的动词不定式时，变为被动语态后，该不定式前“to”应保留。
He persuaded me to give up smoking →I was persuaded to give up smoking。
②若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式时，变为被动语态后，该不定式要加上“to”。此类动词有feel； hear； make； see； observe； help； listen to； look at等。但此类动词中have； notice； watch一般不用被动语态。
We saw them play volleyball just now。→They were seen to play volleyball just now。
③含有动词let的句子变为被动语态
A。 当let后的宾语补足语较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit取而代之。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital。→I was allowed to see my classmate in the hospital。
B。 当let后只有一个单音节动词，变为被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。
They let the stranger go。→The stranger was let go。
5。通常不能用被动语态的动词
①某些表示特定意义的动词，如fit（合身）， have（有）， hold（容纳）， marry（与……结婚）； own（据有；拥有）； wish（祝愿）； cost（花费）等。
The coat fits me well。这件大衣我穿非常合身。（不能说：I am fitted by the coat。）
②某些相当于及物动词的短语动词，如agree with； arrive at/in； shake hands with； succeed in； suffer from； happen to； take part in； walk into； belong to等。
The dictionary belongs to me。这本词典属于我。（不能说：I am belonged to by the dictionary。）
③不及物动词无被动语态。容易弄错的词有appear（出现）； die（死去）； end（结束）； fail（失败）； fall（跌倒）； happen（发生）； last（持续）； remain（留下）； sit（坐）； spread（传播）； stand（站）等。
④不及物动词短语无被动语态。此类短语有break out； come true； come into being； fall asleep； keep silence； take place等。
⑤连系动词无被动语态。此类连系动词有appear（显得）； be（是）； become（变得）； seem（似乎）； fall （变得）； feel（摸起来）； sound（听起来）， taste（尝起来）； smell（闻起来）； get（变得）； stay（保持）； turn（变得）等。
⑥带同源宾语的及物动词不能用于被动语态。如die…death； live…life； dream…dream等。
⑦当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
She likes to swim。她喜欢游泳。（不能说：To swim is liked by her。）
6。几种表达被动意义的主动结构
①某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如lock； shut； open； read； write； sell； wash； clean等。
This book sells well。这本书很畅销。
The door doesnt shut。这个门关不住。
②某些可以用于“主语＋谓语＋主语补足语”结构中的不及物动词，如wear； blow等。
The cloth has worn thin。这块布料已经洗薄了。
The window blew open。窗户（风）吹开了。
③不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾结构时。
He found some food to eat。他找到一些东西吃。（不能说：Some food to eat was found 。 ）
④在“主语＋ be ＋ 形容词＋不定式”的结构中，主语是不定式动词动作的承受者。
The problem is difficult to understand。 这个问题难于理解。
⑤动词need； want； require等作“需要”讲，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。
The colour TV set needs repairing。（= The colour TV set needs to be repaired。 ）这台彩电需要修理。
⑥在“主语＋ be ＋ worth ＋ v…ing”的结构中的动词…ing形式须用主动式表达被动意义。
What he said wasn’t worth listening to。他所说的不值一听。
Unit 14 Freedom fighters单元同步小测试
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1。The patient now in the hospital。
A。 is operating on B。 operates on C。 is being operated on D。 has been operated on
2。The civil war which ten years ago five years。
A。 breaks out； lasted B。 broke out； was lasted
C。 was broken out； was lasted D。 broke out； lasted
3。The man said that the car day after day by him for ten long years by the end of the next year。
A。 would be driven B。 would be driving
C。 would have been driven D。 would have been driving
4。Do I have to take this medicine？ It so terrible。
A。 tastes B。 is tasting C。 is tasted D。 has tasted
5。This question a little last week。
A。 got talked about B。 talked about
C。 would be talked about D。 has been talked about
6。The film this Saturday。
A。 is to show B。 is to be shown C。 is showing D。 shows
7。The room was lighted a electric light。
A。 by B。 to C。 with D。 in
8。It whether he will go on with his work in the school。
A。 hasn’t been decided B。 isn’t deciding
C。 hasn’t decided D。 doesn’t decide
9。The thief wished to be again。 Ten years later； he free and regained his。
A。 free； was set； free B。 freely； was set； freedom
C。 free； was let； freedom D。 free； was set； freedom
10。You should the habit of reading carefully。
A。 got B。 form C。 raise D。 make
11。The man was thrown for robbing a bank。
A。 into the prison B。 to a prison C。 in the prison D。 into prison
12。He is one of the at the boxing match。 He is going to the first match。
A。 judge； judge B。 judges； judge
C。 judgment； judgment D。 judgments； judge
13。She forbids here；but she never forbids you a smoke。
A。 to smoke； to have B。 smoking； having
C。 to smoke； having D。 smoking； to have
14。Although Mary doesn’t look ； she an active part in social activities。
A。 active； plays B。 activity； plays
C。 active； joins D。 actively； joins
15。In the days of rising prices； they had a lot of difficulty and soul together。
A。 in keeping body B。 to keep bodies C。 for body D。 with body
二、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1。5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
James sat outside the office waiting for the interview。 He felt so 16 that he didn’t know what to do with 17。 The person who had gone in 18 him had been there for nearly an hour。 And she looked so confident when she went in。 19 James。 He felt 20 that she had already got the 21。The problem was that he wanted this job 22。 It meant 23 to him。 He had 24 it such a lot before the day of the interview。 He had imagined himself 25 brilliantly at the interview and 26 the job immediately。 But now here he was 27。 He couldn’t 28 all those things he had 29 to say。 At that moment； he almost decided to get up and 30。
But no—he had to do this。 He had spent so much time considering it that he couldn’t 31 like that。 His hands were hot and sticky and his mouth felt dry。 At last the door of the office opened。 The woman who had gone in an hour earlier came out looking very 32 with herself。 She smiled sympathetically （同情地） at James。 At that moment James 33 her。 The managing director then appeared at the office door。 “Would you like to come in now； Mr Davis？ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting。” James suddenly 34 that he had
