抢占奥运-第5节
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Battery投接搭档：
Pitcher and catcher。
Infielder内场手：
Fielder who occupies a position in the infield。
First Baseman一垒手：
Positioned next to the bag at first。 He fields the baseball when it is hit down the first base foul line and also covers the base on “force plays。”
Second Baseman二垒手：
Plays in the gap between second base and the first baseman。 He fields the “grounders” and “pop…ups” hit to this part of the infield； covers plays to second； and relays throws from the outfielders。
Shortstop游击手：
Stands between second and third base and fields balls hit to this side of the infield。 He is often involved in force plays and “double plays” with the second baseman。
Third Baseman三垒手：
Plays just to the left of third base。 He covers third when runners approach and is responsible for fielding balls hit down the third base foul line。
Outfielder外场手：
These three players catch the “fly balls” and field the base hits that go through the infield。 They need to have strong throwing arms to get the baseball back into the infield to prevent runners from advancing along the bases。
left outfielder左外，center outfielder中外，right outfielder右外。
Offense or Offensive攻队或攻队队员：
Team； or any player of the team； at bat。
Batter击球员：
Offensive player who takes his position in the batter's box。
Batter Runner击跑员：
Term that identifies the offensive player who has just finished his time at bat until he is put out or until the play on which he became a runner ends。
Runner跑垒员：
Offensive player who is advancing toward； or touching； or returning to any base。
Base Coach跑垒指导员：
Team member in uniform who is stationed in the coach's box at first or third base to direct the batter and the runners。
Designated Hitter（投手）代打：
A rule adopted by the American League in 1973 which allows each team to appoint a hitter to substitute at bat for pitcher。 That hitter need not play in the field； but he may take a regular turn at bat in place of the pitcher； in any position in the batting order the manager chooses to insert him。
Pinch Hitter代打：
One batter substituted for another； so called because he is usually used in a pinch…when there are runners on base late in the game and a hit is needed。
Pinch Runner替跑：
A runner who substitutes for a teammate who has already reached a base； the original runner is out of the game from that time on。 A pinch runner is used because he is faster than the man on base。
Relief Pitcher救援投手：
A substitute pitcher who replaces the starting pitcher or another relief pitcher。
Rules of Baseball （1）
棒球的规则
Throughout the game； play revolves around the action between the pitcher and the batter。 The pitcher has the first opportunity to put the batter out。 Pitchers throw the ball to the batter； usually attempting to pass it through the strike zone； an area directly over home plate and roughly between the batter's armpits and knees。 Pitches thrown into this area that the batter does not hit are called strikes。 Strikes also include （1） pitches that the batter swings at but does not hit and （2） the first two times that a batter hits the ball into foul territory。 After three strikes； a batter is out。 Pitches outside of the strike zone that the batter does not swing at are called balls。 If a pitcher throws four balls； the batter proceeds to first base。 This is called a base on balls or a walk。 An umpire determines whether pitches are strikes or balls。 Batters who reach base safely are referred to as base runners。 Base runners can proceed to the next base when a subsequent batter hits the ball。 If a batted ball is caught on a fly； the runner may advance； but may only leave the current base after the catch is made。 Subsequent batters sometimes sacrifice their chance for getting a base hit in order to advance the runner。 One way to do this is to hit a sacrifice fly ball。 Another way is to bunt—that is； simply hold the bat out toward a pitch rather than swing the bat； so that when the ball is hit； it rolls slowly toward the infield。 Ordinarily； in a sacrifice； the batter is put out； and the runner reaches the next base safely。 Runners also may advance by stealing a base。 They may steal only under certain circumstances； such as when the pitcher is delivering a pitch or when the catcher drops the ball。 To prevent steals； fielders must tag the runners by touching them
with the ball。 If the batter hits the ball； fielders have opportunities to prevent the batter from reaching a base safely； known as putting the batter out。 For example； a batter is ruled out if a fielder catches a batted ball before it hits the ground； in foul or fair territory。 A batter is also out if a fielder holding the ball tags the batter or tags first base before the batter can reach it。 Fielders often retrieve the ball from where it is hit and throw it to the player covering first base； who tags the base。 If the batter reaches first base safely； however； fielders have additional opportunities to put players out and prevent a run。 If a runner occupies a base to which a subsequent batter or runner must advance； runners are forced to move to the next base。 In a force； fielders can put the runner out by tagging the base before the runner reaches it。 If there is no force—that is； if there is no runner approaching from the preceding base—fielders must tag the runner out。
棒球比赛是围绕投手和击球员进行的。投手是第一个有机会让击球员出局的球员。投手把球投向击球员，让球从好球区通过，“好球区”就是在本垒板正上方，在击球员的腋部和膝部之间的部位。如果击球员没有击中投在此区域的球，叫做“击”，或者叫好球。如果击球员挥棒但没有击中球；或者在两击之前把球击出界外，也叫好球。三击不中，击球员即被判出局。投到好球区以外的球，击球员没有击中，则叫“球”或者叫坏球。如果投手投了4个坏球，击球员进至一垒，叫做保送。裁判宣判投球为击或球。安全进垒的击球员就成为跑垒员。后位击球员击中球后，跑垒员就可跑垒。如果击中的球被接住，跑垒员可以跑垒，但只能在球被接住后才能离垒。有时后位击球员可以制造牺牲打，让跑垒员进垒。击球员可击打高飞的牺牲打，还可以打触击打，即用球棒挡击球，而不是挥棒击球，使球向内场缓慢滚动。一般在牺牲打中，击球员会被触杀出局，而跑垒员则可安全进垒。跑垒员还能偷垒。但只有特定情况才能偷垒：比如在投手投球时或在接球员没接到投球时。为阻止偷垒，守场员必须用球触击跑垒员。即使击球员击中球，守场员仍有机会阻止击球员安全上垒，即把击球员杀出局。比如，击出的高飞球在落地前被守场员接住，击球员即被接杀出局。如果持球的守场员触及击球员或者在击球员进至一垒前触垒，击球员也被触杀出局。守场员接到被击出的球，传给在一垒防守的球员，使其触垒。如果击球员安全进至一垒，守场员还是有机会阻止跑垒，把球员触杀出局。如果一个跑垒员进垒，那么后位击球员或其他跑垒员也必须被迫上垒。在被迫上垒时，守场员可在跑垒员进垒时触垒，将跑垒员触杀出局。如果没有被迫上垒，守场员必须把跑垒员触杀出局。
More about Baseball
Pitch投球：
A pitch is a ball delivered to the batter by the pitcher。 All other deliveries of the ball by one player to another are thrown balls。
Strike zone好球区
The area over home plate between the batter's armpits and the top of his knees； where a pitch is called a strike even if he does not swing the bat。
Ball坏球
A pitch outside the strike zone that the batter does not try to hit。
Set Position侧身投球
One of the two legal pitching positions。
Wind Up Position正面投球
One of the two legal pitching positions。
Fast Ball快球
Curve Ball曲线球
Slider外侧旋转球
Screwball内曲线球
Change…up慢球
Forkball下坠球
Knuckle Ball不旋转球
Wild Pitch暴投：
A wild pitch is one so high； so low； or so wide of the plate that it cannot be handled with ordinary effort by the catcher。
Out出局：
The objective for teams playing in the field is to get three players on the batting team out。
A batter is out when 1） he hits a ball； fair or foul； that is caught by a fielder before it touches the ground； 2） he is tagged； or first base is touched by a fielder holding the ball before the batter gets there； or 3） he strikes out。
A base runner is out when 1） he is between bases and is tagged by a fielder holding the ball or 2） he is forced out。
Strikeout三击不中出局（投杀出局、三振出局）：
The pitcher delivers three strikes preventing the batter from hitting the ball。
Fly out接杀出局：
There is fly out any time a defensive player catches an opponents batted ball before it touches the ground。 The batter is out。 This catch can be performed in any area of the field； also in foul territory。
The runners who are on the bases may try to advance to the next base only after the ball has touched the glove of the defensive player who catches it。
Force out 封杀出局：
The pitcher delivers his pitch。 The batter； once having hit the ball is obliged to advance to firs
