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   stories and illustrations。 If he is a real man of God; and knows how to
   deliver a sermon; he will never preach to bare walls and empty benches。

   But I must add a word of caution。 There is a way of telling stories。 If
   a man cannot tell stories naturally; he had better not tell them at
   all。 Illustration; again; after all I have said in its favour; may be
   carried too far。 I remember a notable instance of this in the case of
   the great Welsh preacher; Christmas Evans。 There is in print a sermon
   of his about the wonderful miracle that took place in Gadara; when
   devils took possession of the swine; and the whole herd ran down
   violently into the sea。 He paints it so minutely that it really bees
   ludicrous by reason of the words put in the mouth of the swineherds who
   told their master of the loss he had sustained。 〃Oh! sir;〃 says one;
   〃the pigs have all gone!〃 〃But;〃 says the master; 〃where have they
   gone?〃 〃They have run down into the sea。〃 〃But who drove them down?〃
   〃Oh! sir; that wonderful man。〃 〃Well; what sort of a man was he? What
   did he do?〃 〃Why; sir; he came and talked such strange things; and the
   whole herd ran suddenly down the steep place into the sea。〃 〃What; the
   old black boar and all?〃 〃Yes; sir; the old black boar has gone too;
   for as we looked round; we just saw the end of his tail going over the
   cliff。〃 Now that is going to an extreme。 So; again; Dr。 Guthrie's
   admirable sermons are occasionally so overlade with illustrations as to
   remind one of cake made almost entirely of plums and containing hardly
   any flour。 Put plenty of colour and picture into your sermon by all
   means。 Draw sweetness and light from all sources and from all
   creatures; from the heavens and the earth; from history; from science。
   But after all there is a limit。 You must be careful how you use colour;
   lest you do as much harm as good。 Do not put on colour by spoonfuls;
   but with a brush。 This caution remembered; you will find colour an
   immense aid in the attainment of simplicity and perspicuousness in
   preaching。

   And now bear in mind that my five points are these: First: If you want
   to attain simplicity in preaching; you must have a clear knowledge of
   what you are going to preach。

   Secondly: If you would attain simplicity in preaching; you must use
   simple words。

   Thirdly: If you would attain simplicity in preaching; you must seek to
   acquire a simple style of position; with short sentences and as few
   colons and semicolons as possible。

   Fourthly: If you would attain simplicity in preaching; aim at
   directness。

   Lastly: If you would attain simplicity in preaching; make abundant use
   of illustration and anecdote。

   Let me add to all this one plain word of application。 You will never
   attain simplicity in preaching without plenty of trouble。 Pains and
   trouble; I say emphatically; pains and trouble。 When Turner; the great
   painter; was asked by some one how it was he mixed his colours so well;
   and what it was that made them so different from those of other
   artists: 〃Mix them? mix them? mix them? Why; with brains; sir。〃 I am
   persuaded that; in preaching; little can be done except by trouble and
   by pains。

   I have heard that a young and careless clergyman once said to Richard
   Cecil; 〃I think I want more faith。〃 〃:No;〃 said the wise old man; 〃you
   want more works。 You want more pains。 You must not think that God will
   do work for you; though He is ready to do it by you。〃 I entreat my
   younger brethren to remember this。 I beg them to make time for their
   position of sermons; to take trouble and to exercise their brains by
   reading。 Only mind that you read what is useful。

   I would not have you spend your time in reading the Fathers in order to
   help your preaching。 They are very useful in their way; but there are
   many things more useful in modern writers; if you choose them
   discreetly。

   Read good models; and bee familiar with good specimens of simplicity
   in preaching。 As your best model; take the English Bible。 If you speak
   the language in which that is written; you will speak well。 Read John
   Bunyan's immortal work; the 。Pilgrim's 。progress。 Read it again and
   again; if you wish to attain simplicity in preaching。 Do not be above
   reading the Puritans。 Some of them no doubt are heavy。 Goodwin and Owen
   are very heavy; though excellent artillery in position。 Read such books
   as Baxter; and Watson; and Traill; and Flavel; and Charnock; and Hall;
   and Henry。 They are; to my mind; models of the best simple English
   spoken in old times。 Remember; however; that language alters with
   years。 They spoke English; and so do we; but their style was different
   from ours。 Read beside them the best models of modern English that you
   can get at。 I believe the best English writer for the last hundred
   years was William Cobbett; the political Radical。 I think he wrote the
   finest simple Saxon…English the world has ever seen。 In the present day
   I do not know a greater master of tersely spoken Saxon…English than
   John Bright。 Among old political orators; the speeches of Lord Chatham
   and Patrick Henry; the American; are models of good English。 Last; but
   not least; never forget that; next to the Bible; there is nothing in
   the English language which; for bined simplicity; perspicuousness;
   eloquence; and power; can be pared with some of the great speeches
   in Shakespeare。 Models of this sort must really be studied; and studied
   〃with brains;〃 too; if you wish to attain a good style of position
   in preaching。 On the other hand; do not be above talking to the poor;
   and visiting your people from house to house。 Sit down with your people
   by the fireside; and exchange thoughts with them on all subjects。 Find
   out how they think and how they express themselves; if you want them to
   understand your sermons。 By so doing you will insensibly learn much。
   You will be continually picking up modes of thought; and get notions as
   to what you should say in your pulpit。

   A humble country clergyman was once asked 〃whether he studied the
   fathers。〃 The worthy man replied; that he had little opportunity of
   studying the fathers; as they were generally out in the fields when he
   called。 But he studied the mothers more; because he often found them at
   home; and he could talk to them。

   Wittingly or unwittingly; the good man hit a nail right on the head。 We
   must talk to our people when we are out of church; if we would
   understand how to preach to them in the church。

   (a) I will only say; in conclusion; that whatever we preach; or
   whatever pulpit we occupy; whether we preach simply or not; whether we
   preach written or extempore; we ought to aim not merely at letting off
   fireworks; but at preaching that which will do lasting good to souls。
   Let us beware of fireworks in our preaching。 〃Beautiful〃 sermons;
   〃brilliant〃 sermons; 〃clever〃 sermons; 〃popular〃 sermons; are often
   sermons which have no effect on the congregation; and do not draw men
   to Jesus Christ。 Let us aim so to preach; that what we say may really
   e home to men's minds and consciences and hearts; and make them
   think and consider。

   (b) All the simplicity in the world can do no good; unless you preach
   the simple gospel of Jesus Christ so fully and clearly that everybody
   can understand it。 If Christ crucified has not His rightful place in
   your sermons; and sin is not exposed as it should be; and your people
   are not plainly told what they ought to believe; and be; and do; YOUR
   PREACHING IS OF NO USE。

   (c) All the simplicity in the world; again; is useless without a good
   lively delivery。 If you bury your head in your bosom; and mumble over
   your manuscript in a dull; monotonous; droning way; like a bee in a
   bottle; so that people cannot understand what you are speaking about;
   your preaching will be in vain。 Depend upon it; delivery is not
   sufficiently attended to in our Church。 In this; as in everything else
   connected with the science of preaching; I consider the Church of
   England is sadly deficient。 I know that I began preaching alone in the
   New Forest; and nobody ever told me what was right or wrong in the
   pulpit。 The result was that the first year of my preaching was a series
   of experiments。 We get no help in these matters at Oxford and
   Cambridge。 The utter want of any proper training for the pulpit is one
   great blot and defect in the system of the Church of England。

   (d) Above all; let us never forget that all the simplicity in the world
   is useless without prayer for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit; and
   the grant of God's blessing; and a life corresponding in some measure
   to what we preach。 Be it ours to have an earnest desire for the souls
   of men; while we seek for simplicity in preaching the gospel of Jesus
   Christ; and let us never forget to acpany our sermons by holy living
   and fervent prayer。
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