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第86节

莱尔主教upper_room-第86节

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   6。 What is the outward and visible Tart or sign in the Lord's Supper?

   The outward and visible part of the sacrament consists of bread and
   wine; which are placed on the Lord's Table; consecrated and set apart
   by the minister; seen; touched; received; eaten; and drunk by the
   municants。

   7。 What is the inward part or thing signified in the Lord' s Supper?
   The inward or invisible part is that body and blood of Christ which
   were offered for our sins on the cross。 It is neither seen; nor
   touched; nor tasted; nor received into the mouth by municants。 It is
   not a tangible and material thing; and can only be eaten and drunk;
   spiritually; with the heart; and by faith。

   8。 What did our Lord mean; when He said of the bread; 〃 This is My
   body;〃 and of the wine; 〃This is My blood;〃 at the first institution of
   the Lord's Supper?

   He certainly did not mean; 〃This bread is literally and materially My
   body; and this wine is literally My blood。〃 It is quite plain that the
   Apostles did not so understand His words。 As devout and well…taught
   Jews; they would have been shocked and horrified at the idea of
   drinking literal blood。 Our Lord simply meant; 〃This bread and this
   wine represent; and are emblems of; My body and My blood。〃 It is just
   the form of speech He had used when He said; 〃The field is the world;
   the good seed are the children of the kingdom〃 (Matt。 13:38)。

   9。 Why was the sacrament of the Lord's Supper ordained?

   The answer of the Church Catechism is the best that can be given。 It
   was ordained 〃for the continual remembrance of the sacrifice of the
   death of Christ; and of the benefits which we receive thereby。〃 The
   bread broken; given; and eaten; was intended to remind Christians of
   Christ's body given for our sins on the cross。 The wine poured out and
   drunk was intended to remind Christians of Christ's blood shed for our
   sins。 The whole ordinance was intended to keep the Church in perpetual
   recollection of Christ's death and substitution for us; and His
   atonement for our sins。 Five times over in the munion Office of the
   Prayer Book; the words 〃memory〃 and 〃remembrance〃 are expressly used;
   to describe the principal object of the Lord's Supper。

   10。 Who ought to e to the Lord's Supper?

   Only those who have the marks and qualifications which are described in
   the last answer in the Church Catechism。 People who 〃repent truly of
   their former sins; and stedfastly purpose to lead a new life;〃people
   who 〃have a lively faith in God's mercy through Christ; and a thankful
   remembrance of His death;〃people who are 〃in charity with all
   men;〃these; and only these; are fit to be municants。

   11。 What good do fit municants receive from the Lord's Supper?

   Their souls; as the Catechism says; are 〃strengthened and refreshed〃 by
   inward spiritual munion with the body and blood of Christ; after the
   same manner that a material body is strengthened by bread and wine。
   Their repentance is deepened; their faith increased; their hope
   brightened; their knowledge enlarged; their habits of holy living
   strengthened。

   12。 Who ought not to e to the Lord's Supper? Those who are living in
   open sin; those who are manifestly ignorant of true religion;
   thoughtless; careless; unconverted; and without the Spirit of Christ。
   To tell such persons that it will do them good to e to the Lord's
   Table is to do them positive harm。 Justification is not by the
   sacraments。 To eat the bread and drink the wine is not the way to
   obtain forgiveness of sins or converting grace。 On the contrary; St。
   Paul says that a man may eat and drink to his own condemnation (1 Cor。
   11:29)。 The Twenty…ninth Article says that〃 the wicked; and such as be
   void of a lively faith; although they do carnally and visibly press
   with their teeth the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ; yet in
   no wise are they partakers of Christ: but rather to their own
   condemnation do eat and drink the sign or sacrament of so great a
   thing。〃

   13。 But ought not all persons without exception to be pressed to e
   to the Lord's Table; in order that their souls may be saved? Is not
   reception of the Lord's Supper the truest; shortest; and best way to
   obtain forgiveness of sins and have eternal life? Does not our Lord
   Jesus Christ say in the 6th chapter of St。 John's Gospel; 〃Except ye
   eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink His blood; ye have no life in
   you;〃 and again; 〃 Whoso eateth My flesh and drinketh My blood hath
   eternal life 〃? (John 6:53…54)。 Do not these texts refer to the Lord's
   Supper?

   Those two texts have nothing to do with the Lord's Supper。 This is the
   opinion of all the best Protestant mentators; and also of some
   Romish ones。 The 〃 eating and drinking〃 here spoken of mean the
   spiritual eating and drinking of the heart by faith; and the 〃flesh and
   blood〃 mean Christ's vicarious sacrifice of His body upon the
   cross。The penitent thief most certainly did not receive the bread and
   wine of the Lord's Supper; yet it is certain that he 〃had eternal
   life;〃 and went to paradise when he died。 Judas Iscariot did eat the
   bread and wine; but he did not 〃have eternal life;〃 and died in his
   sins。 The Prayer…book Service for the munion of the Sick contains
   the following statement in one of its concluding rubrics: 〃 If the sick
   man do truly repent him of his sins; and stedfastly believe that Jesus
   Christ hath suffered death on the cross for him; and shed His blood for
   his redemption; earnestly remembering the benefits he hath thereby; and
   giving Him thanks therefore; he doth eat and drink the body and blood
   of Christ profitably to his soul's health; although he do not receive
   the sacrament with his mouth。〃 In fact; to maintain that no one 〃has
   eternal life〃 who does not receive the Lord's Supper; is a most narrow;
   cruel; and illiberal doctrine。 It condemns to eternal death myriads of
   our fellow…Christians who; from one cause or another; have never bee
   municants。 It condemns the whole body of the Quakers; who allow no
   sacraments。 He that can hold such doctrine must be in a strange state
   of mind。

   14。 Does not St。 Paul tell the Corinthians; that 〃the cup of blessing
   is a munion of the blood of Christ; and the bread a munion of the
   body of Christ 〃? (1 Cor。 10:16)。 Is not this a proof that there is a
   real corporal presence of Christ's natural body and blood in the Lord's
   Supper?

   It is no proof at all。 St。 Paul does not say that the bread and wine
   are the body and blood of Christ; but only a MMUNION of them。 By
   that he means that every municant who rightly; worthily; and with
   faith receives the bread and wine; does in so receiving have spiritual
   and heart munion with the sacrifice of Christ's body and blood which
   was offered for his sins on the cross。 For this is precisely one of the
   objects for which the Lord's Supper was appointed。 It was intended to
   deepen and strengthen the heart union of believers with their crucified
   Saviour。 More than this cannot be fairly got out of the text。

   15。 Does not the Church Catechism say that the 〃body and blood of
   Christ are verily and indeed taken and received by the faithful in the
   Lord's Supper〃? Do not the words 〃verily and indeed〃 mean that; in the
   judgment of those who drew up the Catechism; there is a real corporal
   presence of Christ's natural body and blood in the consecrated bread
   and wine?

   The simplest answer to this question is to be found in the
   Twenty…eighth Article: 〃The body of Christ is given; taken; and eaten
   in the Supper only after an heavenly and spiritual manner。 And the mean
   whereby the body of Christ is received and eaten in the Supper is
   faith。〃 The following quotation from the work of a very learned divine;
   Archdeacon Waterland; deserves close attention: …〃The words of the
   Church Catechism; Verily and indeed taken and received by the faithful;
   are rightly interpreted of a real participation in the benefits
   purchased by Christ's death。 The body and blood of Christ are taken and
   received by the faithful; not corporally; not internally; but verily
   and indeed; that is; effectually。〃Waterland's Works; vol。 iv。 p。 42。

   16。 Does any change take place in the bread and wine when the minister
   consecrates them in the Lord's Supper?

   Most certainly not。 The bread continues bread just as it was before;
   and the wine continues wine; the same in colour; taste; and
   position。 The Twenty…eighth Article of the Church of England
   declares; 〃Transubstantiation; or the change of the substance of bread
   and wine in the Supper of the Lord; cannot be proved by holy writ; but
   it is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture; over…throweth the
   nature of a sacrament; and hath given occasion to many superstitions。

   17。 Is there any real presence of Christ's natural body and blood in
   the bread and wine after consecration?

   Most certainly not; if by 〃real〃 is mean

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