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   plight。

   For myself; I am aware that I am no longer a young minister。 My mind
   perhaps stiffens; and I cannot easily receive any new doctrine。 〃The
   old is better。〃 I suppose I belong to the old school of Evangelical
   theology; and I am therefore content with such teaching about
   sanctification as I find in the Life of Faith of Sibbes and of Manton;
   and in The Life; Walk; and Triumph of Faith of William Romaine。 But I
   must express a hope that my younger brethren who have taken up new
   views of holiness will beware of multiplying causeless divisions。 Do
   they think that a higher standard of Christian living is needed in the
   present day? So do I。Do they think that clearer; stronger; fuller
   teaching about holiness is needed? So do I。Do they think that Christ
   ought to be more exalted as the root and author of sanctification as
   well as justification? So do I。Do they think that believers should be
   urged more and more to live by faith? So do I。Do they think that a
   very close walk with God should be more pressed on believers as the
   secret of happiness and usefulness? So do I。In all these things we
   agree。 But if they want to go further; then I ask them to take care
   where they tread; and to explain very clearly and distinctly what they
   mean。

   Finally; I must deprecate; and I do it in love; the use of uncouth and
   new…fangled terms and phrases in teaching sanctification。 I plead that
   a movement in favour of holiness cannot be advanced by new…coined
   phraseology; or by disproportioned and one…sided statementsor by
   overstraining and isolating particular textsor by exalting one truth
   at the expense of anotheror by allegorizing and acmodating texts;
   and squeezing out of them meanings which the Holy Ghost never put in
   themor by speaking contemptuously and bitterly of those who do not
   entirely see things with our eyes; and do not work exactly in our ways。
   These things do not make for peace: they rather repel many and keep
   them at a distance。 The cause of true sanctification is not helped; but
   hindered; by such weapons as these。 A movement in aid of holiness which
   produces strife and dispute among God's children is somewhat
   suspicious。 For Christ's sake; and in the name of truth and charity;
   let us endeavour to follow after peace as well as holiness。 〃What God
   has joined together let not man put asunder。〃

   It is my heart's desire; and prayer to God daily; that personal
   holiness may increase greatly among professing Christians in England;
   But I trust that all who endeavour to promote it will adhere closely to
   the proportion of Scripture; will carefully distinguish things that
   differ; and will separate 〃the precious from the vile。〃 (Jer。 xv。 19。)
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   '1' 〃There is a double justification by God: the one authoritative; the
   other declarative or demonstrative。〃The first is St。 Paul's scope;
   when he speaks of justification by faith without the deeds of the law。
   The second is St。 James' scope; when he speaks of justification by
   works。〃T。 Goodwin on Gospel Holiness。 Works; vol。 vii; p。 181。

   '2' Those who care to go into the subject will find it fully discussed
   in the mentaries of Willet; Elton; Chalmers; and Haldane; and in
   Owen on Indwelling Sin; and in the work of Stafford on the Seventh of
   Romans。

   '3' Old Sibbe's Sermon on 〃Victorious Violence〃 deserves the attention
   of all who have his works。Vol。 vii。; p。 30。
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                                    HOLINESS
     __________________________________________________________________

I
SIN

   〃Sin is the transgression of the law。〃1 John iii。 4。

   He that wishes to attain right views about Christian holiness; must
   begin by examining the vast and solemn subject of sin。 He must dig down
   very low if he would build high。 A mistake here is most mischievous。
   Wrong views about holiness are generally traceable to wrong views about
   human corruption。 I make no apology for beginning this volume of papers
   about holiness by making some plain statements about sin。

   The plain truth is that a right knowledge of sin lies at the root of
   all saving Christianity。 Without it such doctrines as justification;
   conversion; sanctification; are 〃words and names〃 which convey no
   meaning to the mind。 The first thing; therefore; that God does when He
   makes anyone a new creature in Christ; is to send light into his heart;
   and show him that he is a guilty sinner。 The material creation in
   Genesis began with 〃light;〃 and so also does the spiritual creation。
   God 〃shines into our hearts〃 by the work of the Holy Ghost; and then
   spiritual life begins。 (2 Cor。 iv。 6。)Dim or indistinct views of sin
   are the origin of most of the errors; heresies; and false doctrines of
   the present day。 If a man does not realize the dangerous nature of his
   soul's disease; you cannot wonder if he is content with false or
   imperfect remedies。 I believe that one of the chief wants of the Church
   in the nineteenth century has been; and is; clearer; fuller teaching
   about sin。

   (1) I shall begin the subject by supplying some definition of sin。 We
   are all of course familiar with the terms 〃sin〃 and 〃sinners。〃 We talk
   frequently of 〃sin〃 being in the world; and of men mitting 〃sins。〃
   But what do we mean by these terms and phrases? Do we really know? I
   fear there is much mental confusion and haziness on this point。 Let me
   try; as briefly as possible; to supply an answer。

   I say; then; that 〃sin;〃 speaking generally; is; as the Ninth Article
   of our Church declares; 〃the fault and corruption of the nature of
   every man that is naturally engendered of the offspring of Adam;
   whereby man is very far gone (quam longissime is the Latin) from
   original righteousness; and is of his own nature inclined to evil; so
   that the flesh lusteth alway against the spirit; and; therefore; in
   every person born into the world; it deserveth God's wrath and
   damnation。〃 Sin; in short; is that vast moral disease which affects the
   whole human race; of every rank; and class; and name; and nation; and
   people; and tongue; a disease from which there never was but one born
   of woman that was free。 Need I say that One was Christ Jesus the Lord?

   I say; furthermore; that 〃a sin;〃 to speak more particularly; consists
   in doing; saying; thinking; or imagining; anything that is not in
   perfect conformity with the mind and law of God。 〃Sin;〃 in short; as
   the Scripture saith; is 〃the transgression of the law。〃 (1 John iii。
   4。) The slightest outward or inward departure from absolute
   mathematical parallelism with God's revealed will and character
   constitutes a sin; and at once makes us guilty in God's sight。

   Of course I need not tell any one who reads his Bible with attention;
   that a man may break God's law in heart and thought; when there is no
   overt and visible act of wickedness。 Our Lord has settled that point
   beyond dispute in the Sermon on the Mount。 (Matt。 v。 21…28。) Even a
   poet of our own has truly said; 〃A man may smile and smile; and be a
   villain。〃

   Again; I need not tell a careful student of the New Testament; that
   there are sins of omission as well as mission; and that we sin; as
   our Prayer…book justly reminds us; by 〃leaving undone the things we
   ought to do;〃 as really as by 〃doing the things we ought not to do。〃
   The solemn words of our Master in the Gospel of St。 Matthew place this
   point also beyond dispute。 It is there written; 〃Depart; ye cursed;
   into everlasting fire:for I was an hungered; and ye gave Me no meat;
   I was thirsty; and ye gave Me no drink。〃 (Matt。 xxv。 41; 42。) It was a
   deep and thoughtful saying of holy Archbishop Usher; just before he
   died〃Lord; forgive me all my sins; and specially my sins of
   omission。〃

   But I do think it necessary in these times to remind my readers that a
   man may mit sin and yet be ignorant of it; and fancy himself
   innocent when he is guilty。 I fail to see any Scriptural warrant for
   the modern assertion that 〃Sin is not sin to us until we discern it and
   are conscious of it。〃 On the contrary; in the 4th and 5th chapters of
   that unduly neglected book; Leviticus; and in the 15th of Numbers; I
   find Israel distinctly taught that there were sins of ignorance which
   rendered people unclean; and needed atonement。 (Levit。 iv。 1…35; v。
   14…19; Num。 xv。 25…29。) And I find our Lord expressly teaching that
   〃the servant who knew not his master's will and did it not;〃 was not
   excused on account of his ignorance; but was 〃beaten〃 or punished。
   (Luke xii。 48。) We shall do well to remember; that when we make our own
   miserably imperfect knowledge and consciousness the measure of our
   sinfulness; we are on very dangerous ground。 A deeper study of
   Leviticus might do us much g

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