the grand canyon of arizona-第46节

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n　by　way　of　Salt　Lake　City。

Second　Expedition。　Though　chapter　nine　of　Powell's　report　as　published　by　the　Government；　speaks　of　the　〃continuation　of　the　explorations〃　of　the　Canyon；　and　gives　an　account　of　the　studies　made　in　and　around　the　region　of　the　Virgen　River；　and　chapter　ten　contains　Professor　A。　H。　Thompson's　〃Report　on　a　Trip　to　the　Mouth　of　the　Dirty　Devil　River；〃　there　is　nothing　in　the　volume　that　suggests　the　magnitude　of　the　second　trip　through　the　Canyon。　This　great　omission　Mr。　Dellenbaugh　supplies　in　his　complete　narrative　before　referred　to。

Powell's　Work　on　the　Canyon　Completed。　This　time　three　boats　started；　the　Emma　Dean；　Nellie　Powell；　and　Canyoncita；　manned　by　S。　V。　Jones；　J。　K。　Hilliers；　F。　S。　Dellenbaugh；　A。　H。　Thompson；　J。　F。　Steward；　F。　M。　Bishop；　F。　C。　A。　Richardson；　E。　O。　Beaman；　W。　C。　Powell；　and　A。　J。　Hattan；　with　Major　J。　W。　Powell；　of　course；　as　leader　and　director。　The　start　was　made　from　Green　River　City；　Wyoming；　as　before；　and　the　date　was　May　22；　1871。　On　the　third　of　September；　the　mouth　of　Kanab　Canyon　was　reached；　where；　on　account　of　high　water；　the　trip　for　the　time　being　was　abandoned。　The　topographical　work　of　the　survey　of　the　surrounding　country　was　continued　through　to　the　winter　of　1873；　when　the　maps　were　completed；　and　Powell's　great　work　on　the　canyons　and　tributary　country　practically　brought　to　a　close。

Wheeler's　Expedition　in　1871。　Another　interesting　Colorado　River　expedition　was　that　of　Captain　G。　M。　Wheeler；　made　in　the　fall　of　1871。　It　was　doubtless　an　offset　to　that　of　Major　Powell；　as　in　those　early　days　there　were　three　separate　geographical　surveys　in　the　field；　working　independently　and　without　common　guidance。　Hence　it　was　natural　that　there　should　have　been　some　degree　of　rivalry。　Captain　Wheeler　started　up　the　Colorado　River　from　Camp　Mohave；　in　three　boats　that　had　been　specially　made　in　San　Francisco；　and　with　a　barge　loaned　by　the　commanding　officer　at　the　fort。　Dr。　G。　K。　Gilbert　was　the　geologist　of　the　party。　From　September　16　to　October　20；　they　had　a　difficult；　arduous　and　occasionally　thrilling　journey；　reaching　the　mouth　of　Diamond　Creek　at　the　latter　date。　Diamond　Creek　is　a　point　on　the　Canyon　which　used　to　be　largely　visited。　It　is　reached　from　Peach　Springs；　but　the　scenery　is　far　less　impressive　than　at　any　of　the　more　accessible　points　described　in　this　book。

Brown's　Unsuccessful　Expedition。　Seventeen　years　after　Powell；　Frank　M。　Brown；　a　Denver　capitalist；　determined　to　survey　the　canyons　with　the　purpose　of　building　a　railway　through　them　to　the　Gulf　of　California。　The　main　start　was　made　May　25；　1889；　from　the　Rio　Grande　Western's　tracks　across　the　Green　River；　with　six　boats　and　sixteen　men。　It　was　a　disastrous　expedition。　Brown　himself　lost　his　life　at　Soap　Creek　Rapids；　some　fifteen　miles　below　Lee's　Ferry；　and　four　days　later　two　others　were　drowned　in　Marble　Canyon。　The　expedition　was　then　abandoned；　the　remnant　of　the　party　climbing　the　Canyon　walls；　and　finding　their　way　back　to　civilization　assisted　by　the　kindly　owner　of　a　cattle　ranch。

Stanton's　Boats　Travel　Through　the　Whole　Canyon　System。　In　November　of　the　same　year；　however；　Robert　Brewster　Stanton；　Brown's　engineer；　observing　precautions　that　Brown　had　so　unfortunately　neglected；　prepared　to　continue　the　exploration。　He　had　his　boats　hauled　on　wagons　to　the　mouth　of　Crescent　Creek　near　Fremont　River；　to　avoid　a　repetition　of　the　experiences　in　Cataract　Canyon；　and　a　good　start　was　made。　The　party　ate　Christmas　dinner　at　Lee's　Ferry；　and　a　few　days　later；　slightly　below　where　Brown　lost　his　life；　the　photographer　of　the　expedition　fell　from　a　ledge　and　broke　his　leg。　With　incredible　labor；　the　unfortunate　man　was　got　out　of　the　Canyon；　four　miles　in　distance　and　seventeen　hundred　feet　in　altitude；　on　an　improvised　stretcher；　and　then　taken　in　a　wagon　which　Stanton　had　fetched　from　Lee's　Ferry。　The　party　then　went　on；　entered　the　Grand　Canyon；　and　reached　Diamond　Creek　March　1；　where　they　remained　ten　days　recuperating。　The　last　dash　was　then　made　in　safety。　The　boats　left　the　Canyon　March　17；　1890；　and　proceeded　easily　and　gently；　until　on　the　twenty…sixth　of　April　tide…water　was　reached　at　the　mouth　of　the　river　on　the　Gulf　of　California。

Galloway　Repeats　Stanton's　Exploit。　On　January　12；　1897；　N。　Galloway；　a　Mormon　trapper；　who　for　years　had　operated　on　the　Canyons　of　the　Green　River；　determined　to　emulate　Powell　and　Stanton。　He　made　two　light　boats　of　rude　lumber；　covered　them　fore　and　aft　with　canvas；　got　a　companion；　William　Richmond；　and　on　the　day　named　left　a　point　near　the　state　line　of　Wyoming　and　Utah。　On　the　third　of　February　they　emerged　from　the　Canyon。　As　they　reached　the　open　country　below　the　Grand　Wash；　they　came　upon　the　officers　who　had　found　the　bodies　of　two　men；　killed　by　Mouse；　a　Paiuti　Indian。　The　officers　requested　the　use　of　Galloway's　boats　to　convey　the　bodies　to　the　Needles。　This　was　acceded　to；　and　on　the　seventeenth　of　February　Needles　was　reached；　the　boats　sold；　and　the　Mormons　returned　to　their　homes。

Making　Photographs　of　Soap　Creek　Rapids。　Later　in　the　same　year；　I　made　the　trip　by　wagon　from　Winslow；　Arizona；　over　the　Painted　Desert　to　Lee's　Ferry；　and　there；　to　my　great　delight；　met　Galloway。　He　built　a　boat；　and　took　me　up　Glen　Canyon　for　a　long　distance；　and　down　Marble　Canyon　to　Soap　Creek　Rapids；　where　poor　Brown　was　lost。　As　I　photographed　the　rapid；　he　offered　to　〃run　it〃　in　his　boat　if　I　desired；　saying　that；　with　his　light　boat；　there　was　no　danger　whatever。　I　declined；　however；　on　the　ground　that　no　photograph　ever　made　could　justify　the　risking　of　a　man's　life。　As　recently　as　August；　1908；　in　coming　to　the　Canyon　by　rail；　I　met　at　Kingman；　Arizona；　a　deputy　sheriff　by　name　of　Ayres；　who　was　one　of　my　party　taken　by　Galloway　up　the　Glen　Canyon。

In　the　Fall　of　1909；　Mr。　Galloway　accompanied　an　Eastern　capitalist；　Mr。　Julius　Stone；　of　Columbus；　Ohio；　in　boats　of　their　own　manufacture；　through　the　Canyons；　from　Green　River　to　Needles；　California。　They　had　a　delightful；　though　an　arduous　nine　weeks　trip。　Mr。　Stone　secured　the　finest　set　of　photographs　of　the　Canyons　as　a　whole　that　ever　have　been　made。

In　another　chapter；　entitled　〃The　Story　of　a　Boat；〃　the　interesting　account　of　the　successful　trip　of　Russell；　Monett　and　Loper　is　given。



CHAPTER　XXVII。　Indian　Legends　About　The　Grand　Canyon

Legendary　lore　is　generally　interesting。　It　reveals　the　mental　qualities　of　the　people　who　make　and　believe　it；　and　also　shows　how　the　child　mind　of　the　race　acts。　For　the　aboriginal　makers　of　legends　are　the　child　minds　of　the　race　in　active　operation。　There　are　many　legends　attaching　to　this　great　Canyon。　One　is　told　by　Major　Powell　in　his　〃Explorations〃　as　follows：

Legend　of　the　River's　Birth。　〃Long　ago；　there　was　a　great　and　wise　chief；　who　mourned　the　death　of　his　wife　and　would　not　be　comforted　until　Ta…vwoats；　one　of　the　Indian　gods；　came　to　him　and　told　him　she　was　in　a　happier　land；　and　offered　to　take　him　there；　that　he　might　see　for　himself；　if；　upon　his　return；　he　would　cease　to　mourn。　The　great　chief　promised。　Then　Ta…vwoats　made　a　trail　through　the　mountains　that　intervene　between　that　beautiful　land；　the　balmy　region　in　the　great　west；　and　this；　the　desert　home　of　the　poor　Numa。

〃This　trail　was　the　canyon　gorge　of　the　Colorado。　Through　it　he　led　him；　and；　when　they　had　returned；　the　deity　exacted　from　the　chief　a　promise　that　he　would　tell　no　one　of　the　joys　of　that　land；　lest；　through　discontent　with　the　circumstances　of　this　world；　they　should　desire　to　go　to　heaven。　Then　he　rolled　a　river　into　the　gorge；　a　broad；　raging　stream；　that　should　engulf　any　that　might　attempt　to　enter　thereby。

〃More　than　once　I　have　been　warned　by　the　Indians　not　to　enter　this　canyon。　They　considered　it　disobedience　to　the　gods；　and　contempt　for　their　authority；　and　believed　it　would　surely　bring　upon　one　their　wrath。〃

Hopi　Legend　of　Tiyo；　their　Cultus…Hero；　and　the　Canyon。　One　of　the　most　interesting　legends　of　the　Hopi　cultus…hero；　Tiyo；　relates　to　the　Grand　Canyon　of　the　Colorado　River；　and　is　told　by　Dr。　J。　Walter　Fewkes；　the　eminent　authority　on　the　ethnology　of　the　Hopis。　It　is　a　long　story；　but　the　chief　portions　of　the　narrative　are　as　follows：

Origin　of　Antelope　and　Snake　Clans。　〃Far　down　in　the　lowest　depths　of　the　Grand　Canyon　of　the　Colorado　River　（Pi…sis…bai…ya）；　at　the　place　where　we　used　to　gather　salt；　is　the　Shipapu；　or　orifice　where　we　emerged　from　the　underworld。　The　Zunis；　Kohoninos；　Paiutes；　white　men；　and　all　people　came　up　from　'the　below'　at　that　place。　Some　of　our　people　traveled　to　the　North；　but　the　cold　drove　them　back；　and　after　many　days　they　returned。　The　mothers；　carrying　their　children　on　their　backs；　went　out　to　gather　seeds　for　food；　and　they　plucked　the　prickly　pears　and　gave　it　to　their　children　to　still　their　cries；　and　these　have　ever　since　been　called　the　Prickly　Pear　People。

〃'Morning　Dove'　flew　overhead；　spying　out　the　springs　and　calling　us　to　come；　and　those　who　followed　him；　and　built　their　houses　at　the　waters　he　found；　are　still　called　after　him　the　Hu…wi…nya…muh；　or　Morning　Dove　People。　All　that　region　belonged　to　the　Puma；　Antelope；　Deer　and　other　Horn　people；　and