太子爷小说网 > 英语电子书 > rubaiyat of omar khayyam >

第3节

rubaiyat of omar khayyam-第3节

小说: rubaiyat of omar khayyam 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!




Poems themselves; as well as from what records remain of the Poet's

Life。



   Perhaps would have edited the Poems himself some years ago。  He

  may now as little approve of my Version on one side; as of Mons。

  Nicolas' Theory on the other。



And if more were needed to disprove Mons。 Nicolas' Theory; there is

the Biographical Notice which he himself has drawn up in direct

contradiction to the Interpretation of the Poems given in his Notes。

(See pp。 13…14 of his Preface。)  Indeed I hardly knew poor Omar was so

far gone till his Apologist informed me。  For here we see that;

whatever were the Wine that Hafiz drank and sang; the veritable Juice

of the Grape it was which Omar used; not only when carousing with his

friends; but (says Mons。 Nicolas) in order to excite himself to that

pitch of Devotion which others reached by cries and 〃hurlemens。〃  And

yet; whenever Wine; Wine…bearer; &c。; occur in the Textwhich is

often enoughMons。 Nicolas carefully annotates 〃Dieu;〃 〃La Divinite;〃

&c。: so carefully indeed that one is tempted to think that he was

indoctrinated by the Sufi with whom he read the Poems。  (Note to Rub。

ii。 p。 8。)  A Persian would naturally wish to vindicate a

distinguished Countryman; and a Sufi to enroll him in his own sect;

which already comprises all the chief Poets of Persia。



What historical Authority has Mons。 Nicolas to show that Omar gave

himself up 〃avec passion a l'etude de la philosophie des Soufis〃?

(Preface; p。 xiii。)  The Doctrines of Pantheism; Materialism;

Necessity; &c。; were not peculiar to the Sufi; nor to Lucretius before

them; nor to Epicurus before him; probably the very original

Irreligion of Thinking men from the first; and very likely to be the

spontaneous growth of a Philosopher living in an Age of social and

political barbarism; under shadow of one of the Two and Seventy

Religions supposed to divide the world。  Von Hammer (according to

Sprenger's Oriental Catalogue) speaks of Omar as 〃a Free…thinker; and

a great opponent of Sufism;〃 perhaps because; while holding much of

their Doctrine; he would not pretend to any inconsistent severity of

morals。  Sir W。 Ouseley has written a note to something of the same

effect on the fly…leaf of the Bodleian MS。  And in two Rubaiyat of

Mons。 Nicolas' own Edition Suf and Sufi are both disparagingly named。



No doubt many of these Quatrains seem unaccountable unless mystically

interpreted; but many more as unaccountable unless literally。  Were

the Wine spiritual; for instance; how wash the Body with it when dead?

Why make cups of the dead clay to be filled with〃La Divinite;〃 by

some succeeding Mystic?  Mons。 Nicolas himself is puzzled by some

〃bizarres〃 and 〃trop Orientales〃 allusions and images〃d'une

sensualite quelquefois revoltante〃 indeedwhich 〃les convenances〃 do

not permit him to translate; but still which the reader cannot but

refer to 〃La Divinite。〃  No doubt also many of the Quatrains in the

Teheran; as in the Calcutta; Copies; are spurious; such Rubaiyat being

the common form of Epigram in Persia。  But this; at best; tells as

much one way as another; nay; the Sufi; who may be considered the

Scholar and Man of Letters in Persia; would be far more likely than

the careless Epicure to interpolate what favours his own view of the

Poet。  I observed that very few of the more mystical Quatrains are in

the Bodleian MS。; which must be one of the oldest; as dated at Shiraz;

A。H。 865; A。D。 1460。  And this; I think; especially distinguishes Omar

(I cannot help calling him by hisno; not Christianfamiliar name)

from all other Persian Poets: That; whereas with them the Poet is lost

in his Song; the Man in Allegory and Abstraction; we seem to have the

Manthe Bon…hommeOmar himself; with all his Humours and Passions;

as frankly before us as if we were really at Table with him; after the

Wine had gone round。



   A note to Quatrain 234 admits that; however clear the mystical

  meaning of such Images must be to Europeans; they are not quoted

  without 〃rougissant〃 even by laymen in Persia〃Quant aux termes de

  tendresse qui commencent ce quatrain; comme tant d'autres dans ce

  recueil; nos lecteurs; habitues maintenant a 1'etrangete des

  expressions si souvent employees par Kheyam pour rendre ses pensees

  sur l'amour divin; et a la singularite des images trop orientales;

  d'une sensualite quelquefois revoltante; n'auront pas de peine a se

  persuader qu'il s'agit de la Divinite; bien que cette conviction

  soit vivement discutee par les moullahs musulmans; et meme par

  beaucoup de laiques; qui rougissent veritablement d'une pareille

  licence de leur compatriote a 1'egard des choses spirituelles。〃



I must say that I; for one; never wholly believed in the Mysticism of

Hafiz。  It does not appear there was any danger in holding and singing

Sufi Pantheism; so long as the Poet made his Salaam to Mohammed at the

beginning and end of his Song。  Under such conditions Jelaluddin;

Jami; Attar; and others sang; using Wine and Beauty indeed as Images

to illustrate; not as a Mask to hide; the Divinity they were

celebrating。  Perhaps some Allegory less liable to mistake or abuse

had been better among so inflammable a People: much more so when; as

some think with Hafiz and Omar; the abstract is not only likened to;

but identified with; the sensual Image; hazardous; if not to the

Devotee himself; yet to his weaker Brethren; and worse for the Profane

in proportion as the Devotion of the Initiated grew warmer。  And all

for what?  To be tantalized with Images of sensual enjoyment which

must be renounced if one would approximate a God; who according to the

Doctrine; is Sensual Matter as well as Spirit; and into whose Universe

one expects unconsciously to merge after Death; without hope of any

posthumous Beatitude in another world to compensate for all one's self…

denial in this。  Lucretius' blind Divinity certainly merited; and

probably got; as much self…sacrifice as this of the Sufi; and the

burden of Omar's Songif not 〃Let us eat〃is assuredly〃Let us

drink; for To…morrow we die!〃  And if Hafiz meant quite otherwise by a

similar language; he surely miscalculated when he devoted his Life and

Genius to so equivocal a Psalmody as; from his Day to this; has been

said and sung by any rather than spiritual Worshippers。



However; as there is some traditional presumption; and certainly the

opinion of some learned men; in favour of Omar's being a Sufiand

even something of a Saintthose who please may so interpret his Wine

and Cup…bearer。  On the other hand; as there is far more historical

certainty of his being a Philosopher; of scientific Insight and

Ability far beyond that of the Age and Country he lived in; of such

moderate worldly Ambition as becomes a Philosopher; and such moderate

wants as rarely satisfy a Debauchee; other readers may be content to

believe with me that; while the Wine Omar celebrates is simply the

Juice of the Grape; he bragg'd more than he drank of it; in very

defiance perhaps of that Spiritual Wine which left its Votaries sunk

in Hypocrisy or Disgust。



Edward J。 Fitzgerald











First Edition









I。



 Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night

 Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight:

   And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught

 The Sultan's Turret in a Noose of Light。





II。



 Dreaming when Dawn's Left Hand was in the Sky

 I heard a Voice within the Tavern cry;

   〃Awake; my Little ones; and fill the Cup

 Before Life's Liquor in its Cup be dry。〃





III。



 And; as the Cock crew; those who stood before

 The Tavern shouted〃Open then the Door。

   You know how little while we have to stay;

 And; once departed; may return no more。〃





IV。



 Now the New Year reviving old Desires;

 The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires;

   Where the WHITE HAND OF MOSES on the Bough

 Puts out; and Jesus from the Ground suspires。





V。



 Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose;

 And Jamshyd's Sev'n…ring'd Cup where no one knows;

   But still the Vine her ancient Ruby yields;

 And still a Garden by the Water blows。





VI。



 And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine

 High piping Pelevi; with 〃Wine!  Wine!  Wine!

   Red Wine!〃the Nightingale cries to the Rose

 That yellow Cheek of hers to'incarnadine。





VII。



 Come; fill the Cup; and in the Fire of Spring

 The Winter Garment of Repentance fling:

   The Bird of Time has but a little way

 To flyand Lo! the Bird is on the Wing。





VIII。



 And looka thousand Blossoms with the Day

 Wokeand a thousand scatter'd into Clay:

   And this first Summer Month that brings the Rose

 Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobad away。





IX。



 But come with old Khayyam; and leave the Lot

 Of Kaikobad and Kaikhosru forgot:

   Let Rustum lay about him as he will;

 Or Hatim Tai cry Supperheed them not。





返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 1 1

你可能喜欢的