rasselas, prince of abyssinia-第14节
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； but those of the conjugal state accidental and avoidable。 I cannot forbear to flatter myself that prudence and benevolence will make marriage happy。 The general folly of mankind is the cause of general complaint。 What can be expected but disappointment and repentance from a choice made in the immaturity of youth； in the ardour of desire； without judgment； without foresight； without inquiry after conformity of opinions； similarity of manners； rectitude of judgment； or purity of sentiment？
〃Such is the common process of marriage。 A youth and maiden； meeting by chance or brought together by artifice； exchange glances； reciprocate civilities； go home and dream of one another。 Having little to divert attention or diversify thought； they find themselves uneasy when they are apart； and therefore conclude that they shall be happy together。 They marry； and discover what nothing but voluntary blindness before had concealed； they wear out life in altercations； and charge Nature with cruelty。
〃From those early marriages proceeds likewise the rivalry of parents and children： the son is eager to enjoy the world before the father is willing to forsake it； and there is hardly room at once for two generations。 The daughter begins to bloom before the mother can be content to fade； and neither can forbear to wish for the absence of the other。
〃Surely all these evils may be avoided by that deliberation and delay which prudence prescribes to irrevocable choice。 In the variety and jollity of youthful pleasures； life may be well enough supported without the help of a partner。 Longer time will increase experience； and wider views will allow better opportunities of inquiry and selection； one advantage at least will be certain； the parents will be visibly older than their children。〃
〃What reason cannot collect；〃 and Nekayah； 〃and what experiment has not yet taught； can be known only from the report of others。 I have been told that late marriages are not eminently happy。 This is a question too important to be neglected； and I have often proposed it to those whose accuracy of remark and comprehensiveness of knowledge made their suffrages worthy of regard。 They have generally determined that it is dangerous for a man and woman to suspend their fate upon each other at a time when opinions are fixed and habits are established； when friendships have been contracted on both sides； when life has been planned into method； and the mind has long enjoyed the contemplation of its own prospects。
〃It is scarcely possible that two travelling through the world under the conduct of chance should have been both directed to the same path； and it will not often happen that either will quit the track which custom has made pleasing。 When the desultory levity of youth has settled into regularity； it is soon succeeded by pride ashamed to yield； or obstinacy delighting to contend。 And even though mutual esteem produces mutual desire to please； time itself； as it modifies unchangeably the external mien； determines likewise the direction of the passions； and gives an inflexible rigidity to the manners。 Long customs are not easily broken； he that attempts to change the course of his own life very often labours in vain； and how shall we do that for others which we are seldom able to do for ourselves？〃
〃But surely；〃 interposed the Prince； 〃you suppose the chief motive of choice forgotten or neglected。 Whenever I shall seek a wife； it shall be my first question whether she be willing to be led by reason。〃
〃Thus it is；〃 said Nekayah； 〃that philosophers are deceived。 There are a thousand familiar disputes which reason never can decide； questions that elude investigation； and make logic ridiculous； cases where something must be done； and where little can be said。 Consider the state of mankind； and inquire how few can be supposed to act upon any occasions； whether small or great； with all the reasons of action present to their minds。 Wretched would be the pair； above all names of wretchedness； who should be doomed to adjust by reason every morning all the minute details of a domestic day。
〃Those who marry at an advanced age will probably escape the encroachments of their children； but in the diminution of this advantage they will be likely to leave them； ignorant and helpless； to a guardian's mercy； or if that should not happen； they must at least go out of the world before they see those whom they love best either wise or great。
〃From their children； if they have less to fear； they have less also to hope； and they lose without equivalent the joys of early love； and the convenience of uniting with manners pliant and minds susceptible of new impressions； which might wear away their dissimilitudes by long cohabitation； as soft bodies by continual attrition conform their surfaces to each other。
〃I believe it will be found that those who marry late are best pleased with their children； and those who marry early with their partners。〃
〃The union of these two affections；〃 said Rasselas； 〃would produce all that could be wished。 Perhaps there is a time when marriage might unite them … a time neither too early for the father nor too late for the husband。〃
〃Every hour；〃 answered the Princess； 〃confirms my prejudice in favour of the position so often uttered by the mouth of Imlac； that 'Nature sets her gifts on the right hand and on the left。' Those conditions which flatter hope and attract desire are so constituted that as we approach one we recede from another。 There are goods so opposed that we cannot seize both； but by too much prudence may pass between them at too great a distance to reach either。 This is often the fate of long consideration； he does nothing who endeavours to do more than is allowed to humanity。 Flatter not yourself with contrarieties of pleasure。 Of the blessings set before you make your choice； and be content。 No man can taste the fruits of autumn while he is delighting his scent with the flowers of the spring； no man can at the same time fill his cup from the source and from the mouth of the Nile。〃
CHAPTER XXX … IMLAC ENTERS； AND CHANGES THE CONVERSATION。
HERE Imlac entered； and interrupted them。 〃Imlac；〃 said Rasselas； 〃I have been taking from the Princess the dismal history of private life； and am almost discouraged from further search。〃
〃It seems to me；〃 said Imlac； 〃that while you are making the choice of life you neglect to live。 You wander about a single city； which； however large and diversified； can now afford few novelties； and forget that you are in a country famous among the earliest monarchies for the power and wisdom of its inhabitants … a country where the sciences first dawned that illuminate the world； and beyond which the arts cannot be traced of civil society or domestic life。
〃The old Egyptians have left behind them monuments of industry and power before which all European magnificence is confessed to fade away。 The ruins of their architecture are the schools of modern builders； and from the wonders which time has spared we may conjecture； though uncertainly； what it has destroyed。〃
〃My curiosity；〃 said Rasselas； 〃does not very strongly lead me to survey piles of stone or mounds of earth。 My business is with man。 I came hither not to measure fragments of temples or trace choked aqueducts； but to look upon the various scenes of the present world。〃
〃The things that are now before us；〃 said the Princess； 〃require attention； and deserve it。 What have I to do with the heroes or the monuments of ancient times … with times which can never return； and heroes whose form of life was different from all that the present condition of mankind requires or allows？〃
〃To know anything；〃 returned the poet； 〃we must know its effects； to see men； we must see their works； that we may learn what reason has dictated or passion has excited； and find what are the most powerful motives of action。 To judge rightly of the present； we must oppose it to the past； for all judgment is comparative； and of the future nothing can be known。 The truth is that no mind is much employed upon the present； recollection and anticipation fill up almost all our moments。 Our passions are joy and grief； love and hatred； hope and fear。 Of joy and grief； the past is the object； and the future of hope and fear； even love and hatred respect the past； for the cause must have been before the effect。
〃The present state of things is the consequence of the former； and it is natural to inquire what were the sources of the good that we enjoy； or the evils that we suffer。 If we act only for ourselves； to neglect the study of history is not prudent。 If we are entrusted with the care of others； it is not just。 Ignorance； when it is voluntary； is criminal； and he may properly be charged with evil who refused to learn how he might prevent it。
〃There is no part of history so generally useful as that which relates to the progress of the human mind； the gradual improvement of reason； the successive advances of science； the vicissitudes of learning and ignorance （which are the light and darkness of thinking beings）； the extinction and resusc
