the antiquities of the jews-1-第191节

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freedom；　and　joined　them　to　the　province　of　Syria。

5。　Now　the　occasions　of　this　misery　which　came　upon　Jerusalem
were　Hyrcanus　and　Aristobulus；　by　raising　a　sedition　one　against
the　other；　for　now　we　lost　our　liberty；　and　became　subject　to　the
Romans；　and　were　deprived　of　that　country　which　we　had　gained　by
our　arms　from　the　Syrians；　and　were　compelled　to　restore　it　to
the　Syrians。　Moreover；　the　Romans　exacted　of　us；　in　a　little
time；　above　ten　thousand　talents；　and　the　royal　authority；　which
was　a　dignity　formerly　bestowed　on　those　that　were　high　priests；
by　the　right　of　their　family；　became　the　property　of　private　men。
But　of　these　matters　we　shall　treat　in　their　proper　places。　Now
Pompey　committed　Celesyria；　as　far　as　the　river　Euphrates　and
Egypt；　to　Scaurus；　with　two　Roman　legions；　and　then　went　away　to
Cilicia；　and　made　haste　to　Rome。　He　also　carried　bound　along　with
him　Aristobulus　and　his　children；　for　he　had　two　daughters；　and
as　many　sons；　the　one　of　which　ran　away；　but　the　younger；
Antigonus；　was　carried　to　Rome；　together　with　his　sisters。

CHAPTER　5。

How　Scaurus　Made　A　League　Of　Mutual　Assistance　With　Aretas；　And
What　Gabinius　Did　In　Judea；　After　He　Had　Conquered　Alexander；　The
Son　Of　Aristobulus。

1。　Scaurus　made　now　an　expedition　against　Petrea；　in　Arabia；　and
set　on　fire　all　the　places　round　about　it；　because　of　the　great
difficulty　of　access　to　it。　And　as　his　army　was　pinched　by
famine；　Antipater　furnished　him　with　corn　out　of　Judea；　and　with
whatever　else　he　wanted；　and　this　at　the　command　of　Hyrcanus。　And
when　he　was　sent　to　Aretas；　as　an　ambassador　by　Scaurus；　because
he　had　lived　with　him　formerly；　he　persuaded　Aretas　to　give
Scaurus　a　sum　of　money；　to　prevent　the　burning　of　his　country；
and　undertook　to　be　his　surety　for　three　hundred　talents。　So
Scaurus；　upon　these　terms；　ceased　to　make　war　any　longer；　which
was　done　as　much　at　Scaurus's　desire；　as　at　the　desire　of　Aretas。

2。　Some　time　after　this；　when　Alexander；　the　son　of　Aristobulus；
made　an　incursion　into　Judea；　Gabinius　came　from　Rome　into　Syria；
as　commander　of　the　Roman　forces。　He　did　many　considerable
actions；　and　particularly　made　war　with　Alexander；　since　Hyrcanus
was　not　yet　able　to　oppose　his　power；　but　was　already　attempting
to　rebuild　the　wall　of　Jerusalem；　which　Pompey　had　overthrown；
although　the　Romans　which　were　there　restrained　him　from　that　his
design。　However；　Alexander　went　over　all　the　country　round　about；
and　armed　many　of　the　Jews；　and　suddenly　got　together　ten
thousand　armed　footmen；　and　fifteen　hundred　horsemen；　and
fortified　Alexandrium；　a　fortress　near　to　Corem；　and　Macherus；
near　the　mountains　of　Arabia。　Gabinius　therefore　came　upon　him；
having　sent　Marcus　Antonius；　with　other　commanders；　before。　These
armed　such　Romans　as　followed　them；　and；　together　with　them；　such
Jews　as　were　subject　to　them；　whose　leaders　were　Pitholaus　and
Malichus；　and　they　took　with　them　also　their　friends　that　were
with　Antipater；　and　met　Alexander；　while　Gabinius　himself
followed　with　his　legion。　Hereupon　Alexander　retired　to　the
neighborhood　of　Jerusalem；　where　they　fell　upon　one　another；　and
it　came　to　a　pitched　battle；　in　which　the　Romans　slew　of　their
enemies　about　three　thousand；　and　took　a　like　number　alive。

3。　At　which　time　Gabinius　（10）　came　to　Alexandrium；　and　invited
those　that　were　in　it　to　deliver　it　up　on　certain　conditions；　and
promised　that　then　their　former　offenses　should　be　forgiven。　But
as　a　great　number　of　the　enemy　had　pitched　their　camp　before　the
fortress；　whom　the　Romans　attacked；　Marcus　Antonius　fought
bravely；　and　slew　a　great　number；　and　seemed　to　come　off　with　the
greatest　honor。　So　Gabinius　left　part　of　his　army　there；　in　order
to　take　the　place；　and　he　himself　went　into　other　parts　of　Judea；
and　gave　order　to　rebuild　all　the　cities　that　he　met　with　that
had　been　demolished；　at　which　time　were　rebuilt　Samaria；　Ashdod；
Scythopolis；　Anthedon；　Raphia；　and　Dora；　Marissa　also；　and　Gaza；
and　not　a　few　others　besides。　And　as　the　men　acted　according　to
Gabinius's　command；　it　came　to　pass；　that　at　this　time　these
cities　were　securely　inhabited；　which　had　been　desolate　for　a
long　time。

4。　When　Gabinius　had　done　thus　in　the　country；　he　returned　to
Alexandrium；　and　when　he　urged　on　the　siege　of　the　place；
Alexander　sent　an　embassage　to　him；　desiring　that　he　would　pardon
his　former　offenses；　he　also　delivered　up　the　fortresses；
Hyrcania　and　Macherus；　and　at　last　Alexandrium　itself　which
fortresses　Gabinius　demolished。　But　when　Alexander's　mother；　who
was　of　the　side　of　the　Romans；　as　having　her　husband　and　other
children　at　Rome；　came　to　him；　he　granted　her　whatsoever　she
asked；　and　when　he　had　settled　matters　with　her；　he　brought
Hyrcanus　to　Jerusalem；　and　committed　the　care　of　the　temple　to
him。　And　when　he　had　ordained　five　councils；　he　distributed　the
nation　into　the　same　number　of　parts。　So　these　councils　governed
the　people；　the　first　was　at　Jerusalem；　the　second　at　Gadara；　the
third　at　Amathus；　the　fourth　at　Jericho；　and　the　fifth　at
Sepphoris　in　Galilee。　So　the　Jews　were　now　freed　from　monarchic
authority；　and　were　governed　by　an　aristocracy。

CHAPTER　6。

How　Gabinius　Caught　Aristobulus　After　He　Had　Fled　From　Rome；　And
Sent　Him　Back　To　Rome　Again；　And　Now　The　Same　Gabinius　As　He
Returned　Out　Of　Egypt　Overcame　Alexander　And　The　Nabateans　In
Battle。

1。　Now　Aristobulus　ran　away　from　Rome　to　Judea；　and　set　about　the
rebuilding　of　Alexandrium；　which　had　been　newly　demolished。
Hereupon　Gabinius　sent　soldiers　against　him；　add　for　their
commanders　Sisenna；　and　Antonius；　and　Servilius；　in　order　to
hinder　him　from　getting　possession　of　the　country；　and　to　take
him　again。　And　indeed　many　of　the　Jews　ran　to　Aristobulus；　on
account　of　his　former　glory；　as　also　because　they　should　be　glad
of　an　innovation。　Now　there　was　one　Pitholaus；　a　lieutenant　at
Jerusalem；　who　deserted　to　him　with　a　thousand　men；　although　a
great　number　of　those　that　came　to　him　were　unarmed；　and　when
Aristobulus　had　resolved　to　go　to　Macherus；　he　dismissed　those
people；　because　they　were　unarmed；　for　they　could　not　be　useful
to　him　in　what　actions　he　was　going　about；　but　he　took　with　him
eight　thousand　that　were　armed；　and　marched　on；　and　as　the　Romans
fell　upon　them　severely；　the　Jews　fought　valiantly；　but　were
beaten　in　the　battle；　and　when　they　had　fought　with　alacrity；　but
were　overborne　by　the　enemy；　they　were　put　to　flight；　of　whom
were　slain　about　five　thousand；　and　the　rest　being　dispersed；
tried；　as　well　as　they　were　able；　to　save　themselves。　However；
Aristobulus　had　with　him　still　above　a　thousand；　and　with　them　he
fled　to　Macherus；　and　fortified　the　place；　and　though　he　had　had
ill　success；　he　still　had　good　hope　of　his　affairs；　but　when　he
had　struggled　against　the　siege　for　two　days'　time；　and　had
received　many　wounds；　he　was　brought　as　a　captive　to　Gabinius；
with　his　son　Antigonus；　who　also　fled　with　him　from　Rome。　And
this　was　the　fortune　of　Aristobulus；　who　was　sent　back　again　to
Rome；　and　was　there　retained　in　bonds；　having　been　both　king　and
high　priest　for　three　years　and　six　months；　and　was　indeed　an
eminent　person；　and　one　of　a　great　soul。　However；　the　senate　let
his　children　go；　upon　Gabinius's　writing　to　them　that　he　had
promised　their　mother　so　much　when　she　delivered　up　the
fortresses　to　him；　and　accordingly　they　then　returned　into　Judea。

2。　Now　when　Gabinius　was　making　an　expedition　against　the
Parthians；　and　had　already　passed　over　Euphrates；　he　changed　his
mind；　and　resolved　to　return　into　Egypt；　in　order　to　restore
Ptolemy　to　his　kingdom。　（11）　This　hath　also　been　related
elsewhere。　However；　Antipater　supplied　his　army；　which　he　sent
against　Archelaus；　with　corn；　and　weapons；　and　money。　He　also
made　those　Jews　who　were　above　Pelusium　his　friends　and
confederates；　and　had　been　the　guardians　of　the　passes　that　led
into　Egypt。　But　when　he　came　back　out　of　Egypt；　he　found　Syria　in
disorder；　with　seditions　and　troubles；　for　Alexander；　the　son　of
Aristobulus；　having　seized　on　the　government　a　second　time　by
force；　made　many　of　the　Jews　revolt　to　him；　and　so　he　marched
over　the　country　with　a　great　army；　and　slew　all　the　Romans　he
could　light　upon；　and　proceeded　to　besiege　the　mountain　called
Gerizzim；　whither　they　had　retreated。

3。　But　when　Gabinius　found　Syria　in　such　a　state；　he　sent
Antipater；　who　was　a　prudent　man；　to　those　that　were　seditious；
to　try　whether　he　could　cure　them　of　their　madness；　and　persuade
them　to　return　to　a　better　mind；　and　when　he　came　to　them；　he
brought　many　of　them　to　a　sound　mind；　and　induced　them　to　do　what
they　ought　to　do；　but　he　could　not　restrain　Alexander；　for　he　had
an　army　of　thirty　thousand　Jews；　and　met　Gabinius；　and　joining
battle　with　him；　was　beaten；　and　lost　ten　thousand　of　his　men
about　Mount　Tabor。

4。　So　Gabinius　settled　the　affairs　which　belonged　to　the　city
Jerusalem；　as　was　agreeable　to　Antipater's　inclination；　and　went
against　the　Nabateans；　and　overcame　them　in　battle。　He　also　sent
away　in　a　friendly　manner　Mithridates　and　Orsanes；　who　were
Parthian　deserters；　and　came　to　him；　though　the　report　went
abroad　that　they　had　run　away　from　him。