the antiquities of the jews-1-第173节

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made　a　great　slaughter　of　them。　And　when　Bacchides　saw　himself
encompassed　with　enemies；　and　some　of　them　before　and　some　behind
him；　he　fell　into　despair　and　trouble　of　mind；　as　confounded　at
the　unexpected　ill　success　of　this　siege。　However；　he　vented　his
displeasure　at　these　misfortunes　upon　those　deserters　who　sent
for　him　from　the　king；　as　having　deluded　him。　So　he　had　a　mind　to
finish　this　siege　after　a　decent　manner；　if　it　were　possible　for
him　so　to　do；　and　then　to　return　home。

6。　When　Jonathan　understood　these　his　intentions；　he　sent
ambassadors　to　him　about　a　league　of　friendship　and　mutual
assistance；　and　that　they　might　restore　those　they　had　taken
captive　on　both　sides。　So　Bacchides　thought　this　a　pretty　decent
way　of　retiring　home；　and　made　a　league　of　friendship　with
Jonathan；　when　they　sware　that　they　would　not　any　more　make　war
one　against　another。　Accordingly；　he　restored　the　captives；　and
took　his　own　men　with　him；　and　returned　to　the　king　at　Antioch；
and　after　this　his　departure；　he　never　came　into　Judea　again。
Then　did　Jonathan　take　the　opportunity　of　this　quiet　state　of
things；　and　went　and　lived　in　the　city　Michmash；　and　there
governed　the　multitude；　and　punished　the　wicked　and　ungodly；　and
by　that　means　purged　the　nation　of　them。

CHAPTER　2。

How　Alexander　＇Bala＇　In　His　War　With　Demetrius；　Granted　Jonathan
Many　Advantages　And　Appointed　Him　To　Be　High　Priest　And　Persuaded
Him　To　Assist　Him　Although　Demetrius　Promised　Him　Greater
Advantages　On　The　Other　Side。　Concerning　The　Death　Of　Demetrius。

1。　Now　in　the　hundred　and　sixtieth　year；　it　fell　out　that
Alexander；　the　son　of　Antiochus　Epiphanes；　（1）　came　up　into
Syria；　and　took　Ptolemais　the　soldiers　within　having　betrayed　it
to　him；　for　they　were　at　enmity　with　Demetrius；　on　account　of　his
insolence　and　difficulty　of　access；　for　he　shut　himself　up　in　a
palace　of　his　that　had　four　towers　which　he　had　built　himself；
not　far　from　Antioch　and　admitted　nobody。　He　was　withal　slothful
and　negligent　about　the　public　affairs；　whereby　the　hatred　of　his
subjects　was　the　more　kindled　against　him；　as　we　have　elsewhere
already　related。　When　therefore　Demetrius　heard　that　Alexander
was　in　Ptolemais；　he　took　his　whole　army；　and　led　it　against　him；
he　also　sent　ambassadors　to　Jonathan　about　a　league　of　mutual
assistance　and　friendship；　for　he　resolved　to　be　beforehand　with
Alexander；　lest　the　other　should　treat　with　him　first；　and　gain
assistance　from　him；　and　this　he　did　out　of　the　fear　he　had　lest
Jonathan　should　remember　how　ill　Demetrius　had　formerly　treated
him；　and　should　join　with　him　in　this　war　against　him。　He
therefore　gave　orders　that　Jonathan　should　be　allowed　to　raise　an
army；　and　should　get　armor　made；　and　should　receive　back　those
hostages　of　the　Jewish　nation　whom　Baechides　had　shut　up　in　the
citadel　of　Jerusalem。　When　this　good　fortune　had　befallen
Jonathan；　by　the　concession　of　Demetrius；　he　came　to　Jerusalem；
and　read　the　king's　letter　in　the　audience　of　the　people；　and　of
those　that　kept　the　citadel。　When　these　were　read；　these　wicked
men　and　deserters；　who　were　in　the　citadel；　were　greatly　afraid；
upon　the　king's　permission　to　Jonathan　to　raise　an　army；　and　to
receive　back　the　hostages。　So　he　delivered　every　one　of　them　to
his　own　parents。　And　thus　did　Jonathan　make　his　abode　at
Jerusalem；　renewing　the　city　to　a　better　state；　and　reforming　the
buildings　as　he　pleased；　for　he　gave　orders　that　the　walls　of　the
city　should　be　rebuilt　with　square　stones；　that　it　might　be　more
secure　from　their　enemies。　And　when　those　that　kept　the　garrisons
that　were　in　Judea　saw　this；　they　all　left　them；　and　fled　to
Antioch；　excepting　those　that　were　in　the　city　Bethsura；　and
those　that　were　in　the　citadel　of　Jerusalem；　for　the　greater　part
of　these　was　of　the　wicked　Jews　and　deserters；　and　on　that
account　these　did　not　deliver　up　their　garrisons。

2。　When　Alexander　knew　what　promises　Demetrius　had　made　Jonathan；
and　withal　knew　his　courage；　and　what　great　things　he　had　done
when　he　fought　the　Macedonians；　and　besides　what　hardships　he　had
undergone　by　the　means　of　Demetrius；　and　of　Bacchides；　the
general　of　Demetrius's　army；　he　told　his　friends　that　he　could
not　at　present　find　any　one　else　that　might　afford　him　better
assistance　than　Jonathan；　who　was　both　courageous　against　his
enemies；　and　had　a　particular　hatred　against　Demetrius；　as　having
both　suffered　many　hard　things　from　him；　and　acted　many　hard
things　against　him。　If　therefore　they　were　of　opinion　that　they
should　make　him　their　friend　against　Demetrius；　it　was　more　for
their　advantage　to　invite　him　to　assist　them　now　than　at　another
time。　It　being　therefore　determined　by　him　and　his　friends　to
send　to　Jonathan；　he　wrote　to　him　this　epistle：　〃King　Alexander
to　his　brother　Jonathan；　sendeth　greeting。　We　have　long　ago　heard
of　thy　courage　and　thy　fidelity；　and　for　that　reason　have　sent　to
thee；　to　make　with　thee　a　league　of　friendship　and　mutual
assistance。　We　therefore　do　ordain　thee　this　day　the　high　priest
of　the　Jews；　and　that　thou　beest　called　my　friend。　I　have　also
sent　thee；　as　presents；　a　purple　robe　and　a　golden　crown；　and
desire　that；　now　thou　art　by　us　honored；　thou　wilt　in　like　manner
respect　us　also。〃

3。　When　Jonathan　had　received　this　letter；　he　put　on　the
pontifical　robe　at　the　time　of　the　feast　of　tabernacles；　（2）　four
years　after　the　death　of　his　brother　Judas；　for　at　that　time　no
high　priest　had　been　made。　So　he　raised　great　forces；　and　had
abundance　of　armor　got　ready。　This　greatly　grieved　Demetrius　when
he　heard　of　it；　and　made　him　blame　himself　for　his　slowness；　that
he　had　not　prevented　Alexander；　and　got　the　good…will　of
Jonathan；　but　had　given　him　time　so　to　do。　However；　he　also
himself　wrote　a　letter　to　Jonathan；　and　to　the　people；　the
contents　whereof　are　these：　〃King　Demetrius　to　Jonathan；　and　to
the　nation　of　the　Jews；　sendeth　greeting。　Since　you　have
preserved　your　friendship　for　us；　and　when　you　have　been　tempted
by　our　enemies；　you　have　not　joined　yourselves　to　them；　I　both
commend　you　for　this　your　fidelity；　and　exhort　you　to　continue　in
the　same　disposition；　for　which　you　shall　be　repaid；　and　receive
rewards　from　us；　for　I　will　free　you　from　the　greatest　part　of
the　tributes　and　taxes　which　you　formerly　paid　to　the　kings　my
predecessors；　and　to　myself；　and　I　do　now　set　you　free　from　those
tributes　which　you　have　ever　paid；　and　besides；　I　forgive　you　the
tax　upon　salt；　and　the　value　of　the　crowns　which　you　used　to
offer　to　me　（3）　and　instead　of　the　third　part　of　the　fruits　＇of
the　field＇；　and　the　half　of　the　fruits　of　the　trees；　I　relinquish
my　part　of　them　from　this　day：　and　as　to　the　poll…money；　which
ought　to　be　given　me　for　every　head　of　the　inhabitants　of　Judea；
and　of　the　three　toparchies　that　adjoin　to　Judea；　Samaria；　and
Galilee；　and　Peres；　that　I　relinquish　to　you　for　this　time；　and
for　all　time　to　come。　I　will　also　that　the　city　of　Jerusalem　be
holy　and　inviolable；　and　free　from　the　tithe；　and　from　the　taxes；
unto　its　utmost　bounds。　And　I　so　far　recede　from　my　title　to　the
citadel；　as　to　permit　Jonathan　your　high　priest　to　possess　it；
that　he　may　place　such　a　garrison　in　it　as　he　approves　of　for
fidelity　and　good…will　to　himself；　that　they　may　keep　it　for　us。
I　also　make　free　all　those　Jews　who　have　been　made　captives　and
slaves　in　my　kingdom。　I　also　give　order　that　the　beasts　of　the
Jews　be　not　pressed　for　our　service；　and　let　their　sabbaths；　and
all　their　festivals；　and　three　days　before　each　of　them；　be　free
from　any　imposition。　In　the　same　manner；　I　set　free　the　Jews　that
are　inhabitants　of　my　kingdom；　and　order　that　no　injury　be　done
them。　I　also　give　leave　to　such　of　them　as　are　willing　to　list
themselves　in　my　army；　that　they　may　do　it；　and　those　as　far　as
thirty　thousand；　which　Jewish　soldiers；　wheresoever　they　go；
shall　have　the　same　pay　that　my　own　army　hath；　and　some　of　them　I
will　place　in　my　garrisons；　and　some　as　guards　about　mine　own
body；　and　as　rulers　over　those　that　are　in　my　court。　I　give　them
leave　also　to　use　the　laws　of　their　forefathers；　and　to　observe
them；　and　I　will　that　they　have　power　over　the　three　toparchies
that　are　added　to　Judea；　and　it　shall　be　in　the　power　of　the　high
priest　to　take　care　that　no　one　Jew　shall　have　any　other　temple
for　worship　but　only　that　at　Jerusalem。　I　bequeath　also；　out　of
my　own　revenues；　yearly；　for　the　expenses　about　the　sacrifices；
one　hundred　and　fifty　thousand　＇drachmae＇；　and　what　money　is　to
spare；　I　will　that　it　shall　be　your　own。　I　also　release　to　you
those　ten　thousand　drachmae　which　the　kings　received　from　the
temple；　because　they　appertain　to　the　priests　that　minister　in
that　temple。　And　whosoever　shall　fly　to　the　temple　at　Jerusalem；
or　to　the　places　thereto　belonging；　or　who　owe　the　king　money；　or
are　there　on　any　other　account；　let　them　be　set　free；　and　let
their　goods　be　in　safety。　I　also　give　you　leave　to　repair　and
rebuild　your　temple；　and　that　all　be　done　at　my　expenses。　I　also
allow　you　to　build　the　walls　of　your　city；　and　to　erect　high
towers；　and　that　they　be　erected　at　my　charge。　And　if　there　be
any　fortified　town　that　would　be　convenient　for　the　Jewish