the antiquities of the jews-1-第156节

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the　temple。　And　when　the　Phoenicians　and　the　Chaldeans　that
followed　him　thought　they　should　have　liberty　to　plunder　the
city；　and　torment　the　high　priest　to　death；　which　the　king's
displeasure　fairly　promised　them；　the　very　reverse　of　it
happened；　for　Alexander；　when　he　saw　the　multitude　at　a　distance；
in　white　garments；　while　the　priests　stood　clothed　with　fine
linen；　and　the　high　priest　in　purple　and　scarlet　clothing；　with
his　mitre　on　his　head；　having　the　golden　plate　whereon　the　name
of　God　was　engraved；　he　approached　by　himself；　and　adored　that
name；　and　first　saluted　the　high　priest。　The　Jews　also　did　all
together；　with　one　voice；　salute　Alexander；　and　encompass　him
about；　whereupon　the　kings　of　Syria　and　the　rest　were　surprised
at　what　Alexander　had　done；　and　supposed　him　disordered　in　his
mind。　However；　Parmenio　alone　went　up　to　him；　and　asked　him　how
it　came　to　pass　that；　when　all　others　adored　him；　he　should　adore
the　high　priest　of　the　Jews？　To　whom　he　replied；　〃I　did　not　adore
him；　but　that　God　who　hath　honored　him　with　his　high　priesthood；
for　I　saw　this　very　person　in　a　dream；　in　this　very　habit；　when　I
was　at　Dios　in　Macedonia；　who；　when　I　was　considering　with　myself
how　I　might　obtain　the　dominion　of　Asia；　exhorted　me　to　make　no
delay；　but　boldly　to　pass　over　the　sea　thither；　for　that　he　would
conduct　my　army；　and　would　give　me　the　dominion　over　the
Persians；　whence　it　is　that；　having　seen　no　other　in　that　habit；
and　now　seeing　this　person　in　it；　and　remembering　that　vision；
and　the　exhortation　which　I　had　in　my　dream；　I　believe　that　I
bring　this　army　under　the　Divine　conduct；　and　shall　therewith
conquer　Darius；　and　destroy　the　power　of　the　Persians；　and　that
all　things　will　succeed　according　to　what　is　in　my　own　mind。〃　And
when　he　had　said　this　to　Parmenio；　and　had　given　the　high　priest
his　right　hand；　the　priests　ran　along　by　him；　and　he　came　into
the　city。　And　when　he　went　up　into　the　temple；　he　offered
sacrifice　to　God；　according　to　the　high　priest's　direction；　and
magnificently　treated　both　the　high　priest　and　the　priests。　And
when　the　Book　of　Daniel　was　showed　him　（23）　wherein　Daniel
declared　that　one　of　the　Greeks　should　destroy　the　empire　of　the
Persians；　he　supposed　that　himself　was　the　person　intended。　And
as　he　was　then　glad；　he　dismissed　the　multitude　for　the　present；
but　the　next　day　he　called　them　to　him；　and　bid　them　ask　what
favors　they　pleased　of　him；　whereupon　the　high　priest　desired
that　they　might　enjoy　the　laws　of　their　forefathers；　and　might
pay　no　tribute　on　the　seventh　year。　He　granted　all　they　desired。
And　when　they　entreared　him　that　he　would　permit　the　Jews　in
Babylon　and　Media　to　enjoy　their　own　laws　also；　he　willingly
promised　to　do　hereafter　what　they　desired。　And　when　he　said　to
the　multitude；　that　if　any　of　them　would　enlist　themselves　in　his
army；　on　this　condition；　that　they　should　continue　under　the　laws
of　their　forefathers；　and　live　according　to　them；　he　was　willing
to　take　them　with　him；　many　were　ready　to　accompany　him　in　his
wars。

6。　So　when　Alexander　had　thus　settled　matters　at　Jerusalem；　he
led　his　army　into　the　neighboring　cities；　and　when　all　the
inhabitants　to　whom　he　came　received　him　with　great　kindness；　the
Samaritans；　who　had　then　Shechem　for　their　metropolis；　（a　city
situate　at　Mount　Gerizzim；　and　inhabited　by　apostates　of　the
Jewish　nation；）　seeing　that　Alexander　had　so　greatly　honored　the
Jews；　determined　to　profess　themselves　Jews；　for　such　is　the
disposition　of　the　Samaritans；　as　we　have　already　elsewhere
declared；　that　when　the　Jews　are　in　adversity；　they　deny　that
they　are　of　kin　to　them；　and　then　they　confess　the　truth；　but
when　they　perceive　that　some　good　fortune　hath　befallen　them；
they　immediately　pretend　to　have　communion　with　them；　saying　that
they　belong　to　them；　and　derive　their　genealogy　from　the
posterity　of　Joseph；　Ephraim；　and　Manasseh。　Accordingly；　they
made　their　address　to　the　king　with　splendor；　and　showed　great
alacrity　in　meeting　him　at　a　little　distance　from　Jerusalem。　And
when　Alexander　had　commended　them；　the　Shechemites　approached　to
him；　taking　with　them　the　troops　that　Sanballat　had　sent　him；　and
they　desired　that　he　would　come　to　their　city；　and　do　honor　to
their　temple　also；　to　whom　he　promised；　that　when　he　returned　he
would　come　to　them。　And　when　they　petitioned　that　he　would　remit
the　tribute　of　the　seventh　year　to　them；　because　they　did　but　sow
thereon；　he　asked　who　they　were　that　made　such　a　petition；　and
when　they　said　that　they　were　Hebrews；　but　had　the　name　of
Sidonians；　living　at　Shechem；　he　asked　them　again　whether　they
were　Jews；　and　when　they　said　they　were　not　Jews；　〃It　was　to　the
Jews；〃　said　he；　〃that　I　granted　that　privilege；　however；　when　I
return；　and　am　thoroughly　informed　by　you　of　this　matter；　I　will
do　what　I　shall　think　proper。〃　And　in　this　manner　he　took　leave
of　the　Shechenlites；　but　ordered　that　the　troops　of　Sanballat
should　follow　him　into　Egypt；　because　there　he　designed　to　give
them　lands；　which　he　did　a　little　after　in　Thebais；　when　he
ordered　them　to　guard　that　country。

7。　Now　when　Alexander　was　dead；　the　government　was　parted　among
his　successors；　but　the　temple　upon　Mount　Gerizzim　remained。　And
if　any　one　were　accused　by　those　of　Jerusalem　of　having　eaten
things　common　（24）　or　of　having　broken　the　sabbath；　or　of　any
other　crime　of　the　like　nature；　he　fled　away　to　the　Shechemites；
and　said　that　he　was　accused　unjustly。　About　this　time　it　was
that　Jaddua　the　high　priest　died；　and　Onias　his　son　took　the　high
priesthood。　This　was　the　state　of　the　affairs　of　the　people　of
Jerusalem　at　this　time。

BOOK　XII。

Containing　The　Interval　Of　A　Hundred　And　Seventy　Years。

From　The　Death　Of　Alexander　The　Great　To　The　Death　Of　Judas
Maccabeus。

CHAPTER　1。

How　Ptolemy　The　Son　Of　Lagus　Took　Jerusalem　And　Judea　By　Deceit
And　Treachery；　And　Carried　Many　Thence；　And　Planted　Them　In
Egypt。

1。　Now　when　Alexander；　king　of　Macedon；　had　put　an　end　to　the
dominion　of　the　Persians；　and　had　settled　the　affairs　in　Judea
after　the　forementioned　manner；　he　ended　his　life。　And　as　his
government　fell　among　many；　Antigonus　obtained　Asia；　Seleucus
Babylon；　and　of　the　other　nations　which　were　there；　Lysimachus
governed　the　Hellespont；　and　Cassander　possessed　Macedonia；　as
did　Ptolemy　the　son　of　Lagus　seize　upon　Egypt。　And　while　these
princes　ambitiously　strove　one　against　another；　every　one　for　his
own　principality；　it　came　to　pass　that　there　were　continual　wars；
and　those　lasting　wars　too；　and　the　cities　were　sufferers；　and
lost　a　great　many　of　their　inhabitants　in　these　times　of
distress；　insomuch　that　all　Syria；　by　the　means　of　Ptolemy　the
son　of　Lagus；　underwent　the　reverse　of　that　denomination　of
Savior；　which　he　then　had。　He　also　seized　upon　Jerusalem；　and　for
that　end　made　use　of　deceit　and　treachery；　for　as　he　came　into
the　city　on　a　sabbath　day；　as　if　he　would　offer　sacrifices　（1）
he；　without　any　trouble；　gained　the　city；　while　the　Jews　did　not
oppose　him；　for　they　did　not　suspect　him　to　be　their　enemy；　and
he　gained　it　thus；　because　they　were　free　from　suspicion　of　him；
and　because　on　that　day　they　were　at　rest　and　quietness；　and　when
he　had　gained　it；　he　ruled　over　it　in　a　cruel　manner。　Nay；
Agatharchides　of　Cnidus；　who　wrote　the　acts　of　Alexander's
successors；　reproaches　us　with　superstition；　as　if　we；　by　it；　had
lost　our　liberty；　where　he　says　thus：　〃There　is　a　nation　called
the　nation　of　the　Jews；　who　inhabit　a　city　strong　and　great；
named　Jerusalem。　These　men　took　no　care；　but　let　it　come　into　the
hands　of　Ptolemy；　as　not　willing　to　take　arms；　and　thereby　they
submitted　to　be　under　a　hard　master；　by　reason　of　their
unseasonable　superstition。〃　This　is　what　Agatharchides　relates　of
our　nation。　But　when　Ptolemy　had　taken　a　great　many　captives；
both　from　the　mountainous　parts　of　Judea；　and　from　the　places
about　Jerusalem　and　Samaria；　and　the　places　near　Mount　Gerizzim；
he　led　them　all　into　Egypt；　（2）　and　settled　them　there。　And　as　he
knew　that　the　people　of　Jerusalem　were　most　faithful　in　the
observation　of　oaths　and　covenants；　and　this　from　the　answer　they
made　to　Alexander；　when　he　sent　an　embassage　to　them；　after　he
had　beaten　Darius　in　battle；　so　he　distributed　many　of　them　into
garrisons；　and　at　Alexandria　gave　them　equal　privileges　of
citizens　with　the　Macedonians　themselves；　and　required　of　them　to
take　their　oaths；　that　they　would　keep　their　fidelity　to　the
posterity　of　those　who　committed　these　places　to　their　care。　Nay；
there　were　not　a　few　other　Jews　who；　of　their　own　accord；　went
into　Egypt；　as　invited　by　the　goodness　of　the　soil；　and　by　the
liberality　of　Ptolemy。　However；　there　were　disoders　among　their
posterity；　with　relation　to　the　Samaritans；　on　account　of　their
resolution　to　preserve　that　conduct　of　life　which　was　delivered
to　them　by　their　forefathers；　and　they　thereupon　contended　one
with　another；　while　those　of　Jerusalem　said　that　their　temple　was
holy；　and　resolved　to　send　their　sacrifices　thither；　but　the
Samaritans　were　resolved　that　they　should　be　sent　to　Mount
Gerizzim。

CHAPTER　2。

How　Ptolemy　Philadelphus　Procured　The　Laws　Of　The　Jews　To　Be
Tr