Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > ÀúÊ· µç×ÓÊé > historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù) >

µÚ18½Ú

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ18½Ú


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




working¡¡out¡¡the¡¡beast£»¡¡And¡¡let¡¡the¡¡ape¡¡and¡¡tiger¡¡die¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡return¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡a¡¡

brilliant¡¡meteor£»¡¡flashed¡¡this¡¡wonderful¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1530¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡

fled£»¡¡some¡¡say£»¡¡for¡¡his¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Like¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡no¡¡mind¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡martyr£»¡¡

and¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡terrified¡¡at¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡poor¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡his¡¡

friend£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡Erasmus¡¡likewise¡£¡¡This¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡

well¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡days£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡gallant¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleman¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar£»¡¡

holding¡¡a¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡court¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡translated¡¡into¡¡French¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Luther£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Melancthon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡asserted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡

was¡¡heretical¡¡to¡¡invoke¡¡the¡¡Virgin¡¡Mary¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Spirit£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡

call¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Hope¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Life£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡titlesBerquin¡¡¡¡¡¡averredbelonged¡¡

alone¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Twice¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sorbonne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡terrible¡¡

persecutor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Noel¡¡¡¡¡¡Beda£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡head£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seized¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡Berquin£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡tried¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

burn¡¡his¡¡books¡¡and¡¡him£»¡¡twice¡¡had¡¡that¡¡angel¡¡in¡¡human¡¡form£»¡¡Marguerite¡¡

d'Angouleme£»¡¡sister¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡saved¡¡him¡¡from¡¡their¡¡clutches£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡

Francistaken¡¡¡¡¡¡prisoner¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡battle¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Pavia¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡returned¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

captivity¡¡in¡¡Spain£»¡¡the¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡heresy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡burning¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡heretics¡¡

seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡mother£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Louise¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Savoy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡thank¡­offering¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡

acceptable¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Louis¡¡¡¡¡¡Berquinwho¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡spite¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

entreaties¡¡of¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡purchase¡¡his¡¡life¡¡by¡¡silencewas¡¡burnt¡¡at¡¡last¡¡on¡¡the¡¡

Place¡¡de¡¡Greve£»¡¡being¡¡first¡¡strangled£»¡¡because¡¡he¡¡was¡¡of¡¡gentle¡¡blood¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡received¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡famous¡¡¡¡¡¡guest¡¡¡¡¡¡joyfully¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡

forty¡­two¡¡years¡¡old£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡distinguished¡¡savant£»¡¡so¡¡they¡¡excused¡¡him¡¡his¡¡

three¡¡years'¡¡undergraduate's¡¡career£»¡¡and¡¡invested¡¡him¡¡at¡¡once¡¡with¡¡the¡¡red¡¡

gown¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bachelors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡red¡¡gownor£»¡¡rather£»¡¡the¡¡ragged¡¡phantom¡¡of¡¡

itis¡¡still¡¡shown¡¡at¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡and¡¡must¡¡be¡¡worn¡¡by¡¡each¡¡bachelor¡¡when¡¡

he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡takes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡degree¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Unfortunately£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquarians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

precious¡¡garment¡¡has¡¡been¡¡renewed¡¡again¡¡and¡¡againthe¡¡students¡¡having¡¡

clipped¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡it¡¡away¡¡¡¡for¡¡relics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡clipped¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡earnestly¡¡¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡60¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡61¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



gowns¡¡as¡¡their¡¡predecessors¡¡had¡¡done¡¡from¡¡the¡¡authentic¡¡original¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Doubtless£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ing¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡lecture¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Aphorisms¡¡of¡¡Hippocrates£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Ars¡¡Parva¡¡of¡¡Galen£»¡¡not¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡

translations¡¡then¡¡in¡¡use£»¡¡but¡¡from¡¡original¡¡Greek¡¡texts£»¡¡with¡¡ments¡¡and¡¡

corrections¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡must¡¡have¡¡had¡¡a¡¡great¡¡influence¡¡on¡¡the¡¡minds¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡Montpellier¡¡students£»¡¡and¡¡still¡¡more¡¡influence¡¡and¡¡that¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡

a¡¡good¡¡onemust¡¡Rabelais's¡¡lighter¡¡talk¡¡have¡¡had£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡loungedso¡¡the¡¡

story¡¡goesin¡¡his¡¡dressing¡­gown¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡public¡¡place£»¡¡picking¡¡up¡¡quaint¡¡

stories¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cattle¡­¡¡¡¡¡¡drivers¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Cevennes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡villagers¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡

came¡¡in¡¡to¡¡sell¡¡their¡¡olives¡¡and¡¡their¡¡grapes£»¡¡their¡¡vinegar¡¡and¡¡their¡¡vine¡­¡¡

twig¡¡faggots£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡do¡¡unto¡¡this¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡him¡¡may¡¡be¡¡owing¡¡much¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

sound¡¡respect¡¡for¡¡natural¡¡science£»¡¡and¡¡much£»¡¡too£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡contempt¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

superstition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡around¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡notable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡group¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

naturalists¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡boys¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

have¡¡liked¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡wonder£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡was¡¡a¡¡cheery£»¡¡lovable£»¡¡honest¡¡

little¡¡fellow£»¡¡very¡¡fond¡¡of¡¡jokes£»¡¡a¡¡great¡¡musician¡¡and¡¡player¡¡on¡¡the¡¡violin£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡grew¡¡¡¡¡¡rich£»¡¡¡¡¡¡liked¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡bring¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

house¡¡any¡¡buffoon¡¡or¡¡strolling¡­¡¡player¡¡to¡¡make¡¡fun¡¡for¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vivacious¡¡he¡¡

was£»¡¡hot¡­tempered£»¡¡forgiving£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡power¡¡of¡¡learning¡¡and¡¡a¡¡power¡¡of¡¡

work¡¡which¡¡were¡¡prodigious£»¡¡even¡¡in¡¡those¡¡hard¡­working¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡

chaffs¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Rondibilis£»¡¡for£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡Rondelet¡¡grew¡¡

up¡¡into¡¡a¡¡very¡¡round£»¡¡fat£»¡¡little¡¡man£»¡¡but¡¡Rabelais¡¡puts¡¡excellent¡¡sense¡¡into¡¡

his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mouth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cynical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enough£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡cynical£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡learned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

humorous£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡laughs¡¡at¡¡him¡¡for¡¡being¡¡shocked¡¡at¡¡the¡¡offer¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fee£»¡¡

and¡¡taking¡¡it£»¡¡nevertheless£»¡¡kindly¡¡enough£»¡¡Rondelet¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡first¡¡doctor¡¡

who¡¡has¡¡done¡¡that£»¡¡neither¡¡will¡¡he¡¡be¡¡the¡¡last¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡turn£»¡¡put¡¡on¡¡the¡¡red¡¡robe¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bachelor£»¡¡and¡¡received£»¡¡

on¡¡taking¡¡his¡¡degree£»¡¡his¡¡due¡¡share¡¡of¡¡fisticuffs¡¡from¡¡his¡¡dearest¡¡friends£»¡¡

according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡custom¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡University¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡

then¡¡went¡¡off¡¡to¡¡practise¡¡medicine¡¡in¡¡a¡¡village¡¡at¡¡the¡¡foot¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Alps£»¡¡and£»¡¡

half¡­starved£»¡¡to¡¡teach¡¡little¡¡children¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡he¡¡found¡¡he¡¡must¡¡learn¡¡Greek£»¡¡

went¡¡off¡¡to¡¡Paris¡¡a¡¡second¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡alleviated¡¡his¡¡poverty¡¡there¡¡somewhat¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡61¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡62¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



by¡¡being¡¡tutor¡¡to¡¡a¡¡son¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Viste¡¡de¡¡Turenne¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡he¡¡met¡¡

Gonthier¡¡of¡¡Andernach£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡taught¡¡anatomy¡¡at¡¡Louvain¡¡to¡¡the¡¡great¡¡

Vesalius£»¡¡and¡¡learned¡¡from¡¡him¡¡to¡¡dissect¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡next¡¡find¡¡him¡¡setting¡¡up¡¡as¡¡

a¡¡¡¡¡¡medical¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡volcanic¡¡¡¡¡¡hills¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Auvergne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡struggling¡¡

still¡¡with¡¡poverty£»¡¡like¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡like¡¡George¡¡Buchanan£»¡¡like¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡

great¡¡scholar¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡for¡¡students¡¡then¡¡had¡¡to¡¡wander¡¡from¡¡place¡¡to¡¡

place£»¡¡generally¡¡on¡¡foot£»¡¡in¡¡search¡¡of¡¡new¡¡teachers£»¡¡in¡¡search¡¡of¡¡books£»¡¡in¡¡

search¡¡of¡¡the¡¡necessaries¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡undergoing¡¡such¡¡an¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡bodily¡¡and¡¡

mental¡¡toil¡¡as¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡wonderful¡¡that¡¡all¡¡of¡¡them¡¡did¡¡notas¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them¡¡

doubtless¡¡diddie¡¡under¡¡the¡¡hard¡¡training£»¡¡or£»¡¡at¡¡best£»¡¡desert¡¡the¡¡penurious¡¡

Muses¡¡for¡¡the¡¡paternal¡¡shop¡¡or¡¡plough¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡got¡¡his¡¡doctorate¡¡in¡¡1537£»¡¡and¡¡next¡¡year¡¡fell¡¡in¡¡love¡¡with¡¡and¡¡

married¡¡a¡¡beautiful¡¡young¡¡girl¡¡called¡¡Jeanne¡¡Sandre£»¡¡who¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡

been¡¡as¡¡poor¡¡as¡¡he¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡he¡¡had¡¡gained£»¡¡meanwhile£»¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡patron£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡patronage¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡great¡¡was¡¡then¡¡as¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡men¡¡of¡¡letters¡¡as¡¡the¡¡patronage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

public¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Guillaume¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pellicier£»¡¡¡¡Bishop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Maguelonneor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡

then¡¡of¡¡Montpellier¡¡itself£»¡¡whither¡¡he¡¡had¡¡persuaded¡¡Paul¡¡II¡£¡¡to¡¡transfer¡¡the¡¡

ancient¡¡seewas¡¡a¡¡model¡¡of¡¡the¡¡literary¡¡gentleman¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sixteenth¡¡century£»¡¡

a¡¡savant£»¡¡a¡¡diplomat£»¡¡a¡¡collector¡¡of¡¡books¡¡and¡¡manuscripts£»¡¡Greek£»¡¡Hebrew£»¡¡

and¡¡Syriac£»¡¡which¡¡formed¡¡the¡¡original¡¡nucleus¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡library¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Louvre£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡botanist£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡loved¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡wander¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡¡¡¡¡collecting¡¡

plants¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡retired¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡public¡¡life¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

Montpellier£»¡¡when¡¡to¡¡the¡¡evil¡¡days¡¡of¡¡his¡¡master£»¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡succeeded¡¡the¡¡

still¡¡worse¡¡days¡¡of¡¡Henry¡¡II¡££»¡¡and¡¡Diana¡¡of¡¡Poitiers¡£¡¡That¡¡Jezebel¡¡of¡¡France¡¡

could¡¡conceive¡¡no¡¡more¡¡natural¡¡or¡¡easy¡¡way¡¡of¡¡atoning¡¡for¡¡her¡¡own¡¡sins¡¡

than¡¡that¡¡of¡¡hunting¡¡down¡¡heretics£»¡¡and¡¡feasting¡¡her¡¡wicked¡¡eyesso¡¡it¡¡is¡¡

saidupon¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡dying¡¡¡¡¡¡torments¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Bishop¡¡¡¡¡¡Pellicier¡¡¡¡¡¡fell¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡suspicion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

heresy£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡probably¡¡with¡¡some¡¡justice¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡fell£»¡¡too£»¡¡under¡¡suspicion¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡leading¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡unworthy¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡celibate¡¡¡¡¡¡churchman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡fault¡¡¡¡¡¡whichif¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡

really¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡existedwas£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡days£»¡¡¡¡¡¡pardonable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡orthodox¡¡

prelate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡orthodoxy¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suspected¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡62¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡63¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



awhile¡¡¡¡¡¡Pellicier¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡in¡¡prison¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡release¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

science£»¡¡with¡¡Rondelet¡¡and¡¡the¡¡school¡¡of¡¡disciples¡¡who¡¡were¡¡growing¡¡up¡¡

around¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡rediscovered¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Garum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡classic¡¡¡¡¡¡sauce£»¡¡

whose¡¡praises¡¡had¡¡been¡¡sung¡¡of¡¡old¡¡by¡¡Horace£»¡¡Martial£»¡¡and¡¡Ausonius£»¡¡and¡¡

so¡¡child¡­like£»¡¡superstitious¡¡if¡¡you¡¡will£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡reverence¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sixteenth¡¡

century¡¡for¡¡classic¡¡antiquity£»¡¡that¡¡when¡¡Pellicier¡¡and¡¡Rondelet¡¡discovered¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡Garum¡¡was¡¡made¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fish¡¡called¡¡Picarelcalled¡¡Garon¡¡by¡¡the¡¡

fishers¡¡of¡¡Antibes£»¡¡and¡¡Giroli¡¡at¡¡Venice£»¡¡both¡¡these¡¡last¡¡names¡¡corruptions¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡Gerresthen¡¡did¡¡the¡¡two¡¡fashionable¡¡poets¡¡of¡¡France£»¡¡Etienne¡¡

Dolet¡¡and¡¡Clement¡¡Marot£»¡¡think¡¡it¡¡not¡¡unworthy¡¡of¡¡their¡¡muse¡¡to¡¡sing¡¡the¡¡

praises¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sauce¡¡which¡¡Horace¡¡had¡¡sung¡¡of¡¡old¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡proud¡¡day£»¡¡too£»¡¡was¡¡

it¡¡for¡¡Pellicier¡¡and¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡when¡¡wandering¡¡somewhere¡¡in¡¡the¡¡marshes¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡Camargue£»¡¡a¡¡scent¡¡of¡¡garlic¡¡caught¡¡the¡¡nostrils¡¡of¡¡the¡¡gentle¡¡bishop£»¡¡

and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lovely¡¡pink¡¡flowers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡water¡­germander¡¡he¡¡recogn

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨3£© ²È£¨3£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ