indian boyhood(ÓȺ¢Ìáʱ´ú)-µÚ6½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sugar¡¡¡¡¡¡house£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡row¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡brass¡¡
kettles¡¡suspended¡¡over¡¡the¡¡blaze¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sap¡¡was¡¡collected¡¡by¡¡the¡¡women¡¡in¡¡
tin¡¡or¡¡birchen¡¡buckets¡¡and¡¡poured¡¡into¡¡the¡¡canoes£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡the¡¡kettles¡¡
were¡¡kept¡¡filled¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡hearts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡boys¡¡beat¡¡high¡¡with¡¡pleasant¡¡antici¡¡¡
pations¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡heard¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡welcome¡¡¡¡¡¡hissing¡¡¡¡¡¡sound¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡boiling¡¡¡¡¡¡sap£¡¡¡
Each¡¡boy¡¡claimed¡¡one¡¡kettle¡¡for¡¡his¡¡especial¡¡charge¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡his¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡see¡¡
that¡¡the¡¡¡¡fire¡¡¡¡was¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡under¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡watch¡¡¡¡¡¡lest¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡boil¡¡¡¡¡¡over£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡finally£»¡¡
when¡¡the¡¡sap¡¡became¡¡sirup£»¡¡to¡¡test¡¡it¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡snow£»¡¡dipping¡¡it¡¡out¡¡with¡¡a¡¡
wooden¡¡paddle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡frequent¡¡were¡¡these¡¡tests¡¡that¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡
we¡¡¡¡¡¡consumed¡¡¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡made£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡until¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
sweetness¡¡began¡¡to¡¡pall¡¡that¡¡my¡¡grandmother¡¡set¡¡herself¡¡in¡¡earnest¡¡to¡¡store¡¡
up¡¡¡¡¡¡sugar¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡future¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡She¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡cakes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡¡¡¡¡forms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
birch¡¡¡en¡¡molds£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡in¡¡hollow¡¡canes¡¡or¡¡reeds£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡bills¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡18¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡19¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡INDIAN¡¡BOYHOOD¡¡BY¡¡OHIYESA¡¡
ducks¡¡and¡¡geese¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡of¡¡it¡¡was¡¡pulverized¡¡and¡¡packed¡¡in¡¡rawhide¡¡cases¡£¡¡
Being¡¡a¡¡prudent¡¡woman£»¡¡she¡¡did¡¡not¡¡give¡¡it¡¡to¡¡us¡¡after¡¡the¡¡first¡¡month¡¡or¡¡so£»¡¡
except¡¡upon¡¡special¡¡occa¡¡¡sions£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡thus¡¡made¡¡to¡¡last¡¡almost¡¡the¡¡
year¡¡around¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡smaller¡¡candies¡¡were¡¡reserved¡¡as¡¡an¡¡occasional¡¡treat¡¡for¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡fellows£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sugar¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡eaten¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡feasts¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡rice¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
parched¡¡¡¡¡¡corn£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡pounded¡¡¡¡¡¡dried¡¡¡¡¡¡meat¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Coffee¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡tea£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
their¡¡substitutes£»¡¡were¡¡all¡¡unknown¡¡to¡¡us¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡pursuit¡¡has¡¡its¡¡trials¡¡and¡¡anxieties¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡My¡¡grandmother's¡¡special¡¡
tribulations£»¡¡during¡¡the¡¡sugaring¡¡season£»¡¡were¡¡the¡¡upsetting¡¡and¡¡gnawing¡¡
of¡¡holes¡¡in¡¡her¡¡birch¡bark¡¡pans¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡transgres¡¡¡sors¡¡were¡¡the¡¡rabbit¡¡and¡¡
squirrel¡¡tribes£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡little¡¡boys¡¡for¡¡once¡¡became¡¡useful£»¡¡in¡¡shooting¡¡them¡¡
with¡¡our¡¡bows¡¡and¡¡arrows¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡hunted¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡sugar¡¡camp£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡
little¡¡¡¡¡¡creatures¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fairly¡¡¡¡driven¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡neighborhood¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Oc¡¡¡
casionally¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡older¡¡¡¡¡¡brothers¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rabbit¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡two£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
then¡¡we¡¡had¡¡a¡¡feast¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sugaring¡¡season¡¡extended¡¡well¡¡into¡¡April£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡returning¡¡birds¡¡
made¡¡the¡¡precincts¡¡of¡¡our¡¡camp¡¡joyful¡¡with¡¡their¡¡songs¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡often¡¡followed¡¡
my¡¡¡¡¡¡older¡¡¡¡¡¡brothers¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡woods£»¡¡¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡four¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡five¡¡
years¡¡old¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Upon¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡excursions¡¡they¡¡went¡¡so¡¡far¡¡that¡¡I¡¡ventured¡¡
back¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡within¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡our¡¡hut£»¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡a¡¡chipmunk¡¡sitting¡¡upon¡¡
a¡¡log£»¡¡and¡¡uttering¡¡the¡¡sound¡¡he¡¡makes¡¡when¡¡he¡¡calls¡¡to¡¡his¡¡mate¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡
glorious¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be£»¡¡I¡¡thought£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡could¡¡shoot¡¡him¡¡with¡¡my¡¡tiny¡¡bow¡¡and¡¡
arrows£¡¡¡Stealthily¡¡and¡¡cautiously¡¡I¡¡approached£»¡¡keeping¡¡my¡¡eyes¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡
pretty¡¡little¡¡animal£»¡¡and¡¡just¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡about¡¡to¡¡let¡¡fly¡¡my¡¡shaft£»¡¡I¡¡heard¡¡a¡¡
hissing¡¡noise¡¡at¡¡my¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡lay¡¡a¡¡horrid¡¡snake£»¡¡coiled¡¡and¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡
spring£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Forgetful¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡warrior£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡gave¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡loud¡¡¡¡¡¡scream¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡started¡¡
backward£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡recollecting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡myself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shame£»¡¡
although¡¡no¡¡one¡¡was¡¡near¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡I¡¡retreated¡¡to¡¡the¡¡inclined¡¡trunk¡¡of¡¡a¡¡
fallen¡¡tree£»¡¡and¡¡there£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡often¡¡been¡¡told£»¡¡was¡¡overheard¡¡soliloquiz¡¡¡
ing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡words£º¡¡¡¨I¡¡wonder¡¡if¡¡a¡¡snake¡¡can¡¡climb¡¡a¡¡tree£¡¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡remember¡¡on¡¡this¡¡occasion¡¡of¡¡our¡¡last¡¡sugar¡¡bush¡¡in¡¡Minnesota£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡
stood¡¡one¡¡day¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡our¡¡hut¡¡and¡¡watched¡¡the¡¡approach¡¡of¡¡a¡¡visitor¡¡a¡¡
bent¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡hair¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡white£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡carrying¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡
bundle¡¡of¡¡red¡¡willow£»¡¡or¡¡kinnikinick£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Indians¡¡use¡¡for¡¡smoking¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡19¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡20¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡INDIAN¡¡BOYHOOD¡¡BY¡¡OHIYESA¡¡
He¡¡threw¡¡down¡¡his¡¡load¡¡at¡¡the¡¡door¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡saluted¡¡us£º¡¡¡¨You¡¡have¡¡indeed¡¡
perfect¡¡weather¡¡for¡¡sugar¡making¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡great¡grandfather£»¡¡¡¡Cloud¡¡¡¡¡¡Man£»¡¡¡¡whose¡¡original¡¡village¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
on¡¡the¡¡shores¡¡of¡¡Lakes¡¡Calhoun¡¡and¡¡Harriet£»¡¡now¡¡in¡¡the¡¡suburbs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡¡
of¡¡Minneapolis¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡the¡¡first¡¡Sioux¡¡chief¡¡to¡¡welcome¡¡the¡¡Protestant¡¡
missionaries¡¡among¡¡his¡¡people£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡well¡known¡¡character¡¡in¡¡those¡¡pio¡¡¡
neer¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡brought¡¡us¡¡word¡¡that¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡peaceful¡¡sugar¡makers¡¡
near¡¡us¡¡on¡¡the¡¡river¡¡had¡¡been¡¡attacked¡¡and¡¡murdered¡¡by¡¡roving¡¡Ojib¡¡¡ways¡£¡¡
This¡¡¡¡¡¡news¡¡¡¡¡¡disturbed¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡little£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡realized¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡
become¡¡the¡¡victims¡¡of¡¡an¡¡Ojibway¡¡war¡¡party¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡we¡¡all¡¡felt¡¡some¡¡
uneasiness¡¡from¡¡this¡¡time¡¡until¡¡we¡¡returned¡¡heavy¡¡laden¡¡to¡¡our¡¡village¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡V£º¡¡A¡¡Midsummer¡¡Feast¡¡IT¡¡was¡¡midsummer¡£¡¡Everything¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Santee¡¡
Sioux¡¡had¡¡under¡¡¡taken¡¡during¡¡the¡¡year¡¡had¡¡been¡¡un¡¡¡usually¡¡successful¡£¡¡
The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spring¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fur¡hunters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡fortunate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡heavy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡winter¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
proved¡¡productive¡¡of¡¡much¡¡maple¡¡sugar¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡women's¡¡patches¡¡of¡¡maize¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡potatoes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡already¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suffic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡iently¡¡¡¡¡¡advanced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
Wahpetonwan¡¡¡¡¡¡band¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Sioux£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Dwellers¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Leaves£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡
fully¡¡¡¡¡¡awakened¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡midsummer¡¡
festivities¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old£»¡¡wild¡¡days¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡invitations¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡bundles¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡tobacco£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡acceptances¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡sent¡¡
back¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡bands¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Light¡¡Lodges¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¨Dwellers¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡from¡¡
the¡¡River£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡many¡¡others£»¡¡in¡¡similar¡¡fashion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Blue¡¡Earth£»¡¡chief¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
¡¨Dwellers¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Leaves£»¡¨¡¡was¡¡the¡¡host¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡many¡¡different¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡ath¡¡¡letic¡¡games£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡the¡¡
festival¡¡was¡¡something¡¡like¡¡a¡¡State¡¡fair£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡many¡¡side¡¡shows¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡competitive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡events¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡instance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sup¡¡¡¡¡¡¡posing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡£¨Miss£©¡¡¡¡¡¡White¡¡
Rabbit¡¡should¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡give¡¡a¡¡¡¨maidens'¡¡feast£»¡¨¡¡she¡¡would¡¡employ¡¡a¡¡crier¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡bands¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡announcing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡sing¡song¡¡
manner£º¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Miss¡¡¡¡¡¡White¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabbit¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡maiden¡¡¡¡¡¡friends¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡day¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡noon£»¡¡
inside¡¡of¡¡the¡¡circular¡¡en¡¡¡campment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Kaposia¡¡band¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Again£»¡¡should¡¡£¨Mr¡££©¡¡Sleepy¡¡Eye¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡have¡¡his¡¡child's¡¡ears¡¡pierced¡¡
publicly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡deal¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡savage¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth¡¡
namely£»¡¡otter£»¡¡bear¡¡and¡¡beaver¡¡skins¡¡and¡¡poniesor¡¡the¡¡child¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡20¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡21¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡INDIAN¡¡BOYHOOD¡¡BY¡¡OHIYESA¡¡
considered¡¡as¡¡belonging¡¡to¡¡a¡¡family¡¡in¡¡good¡¡standing¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡one¡¡all¡important¡¡event¡¡of¡¡the¡¡occasion¡¡was¡¡the¡¡lacrosse¡¡game£»¡¡
for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡cus¡¡¡tomary¡¡to¡¡select¡¡those¡¡two¡¡bands¡¡which¡¡could¡¡
boast¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡number¡¡of¡¡fast¡¡runners¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Wahpetonwan¡¡¡¡¡¡village¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡banks¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Minnesota¡¡¡¡¡¡river¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
alive¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡newly¡arrived¡¡¡¡¡¡guests¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡preparations¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡coming¡¡
event¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Meat¡¡of¡¡wild¡¡game¡¡had¡¡been¡¡put¡¡away¡¡with¡¡much¡¡care¡¡during¡¡the¡¡
previous¡¡¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡anticipation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡feast¡£¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡rice¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
choicest¡¡of¡¡dried¡¡venison¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡kept¡¡all¡¡winter£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡freshly¡¡
dug¡¡turnips£»¡¡ripe¡¡berries¡¡and¡¡an¡¡abundance¡¡of¡¡fresh¡¡meat¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Along¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡edge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡woods¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡teepees¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡pitched¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡groups¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
semi¡circles£»¡¡each¡¡band¡¡dis¡¡¡tinct¡¡from¡¡the¡¡others¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡teepee¡¡of¡¡Mankato¡¡
or¡¡¡¡¡¡Blue¡¡¡¡¡¡Earth¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡pitched¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡conspicuous¡¡¡¡¡¡spot¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Just¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡entrance¡¡
was¡¡painted¡¡in¡¡red¡¡and¡¡yel¡¡¡low¡¡a¡¡picture¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pipe£»¡¡and¡¡directly¡¡opposite¡¡
this¡¡the¡¡rising¡¡sun¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡painting¡¡was¡¡symbolic¡¡of¡¡welcome¡¡and¡¡good¡¡will¡¡
to¡¡men¡¡under¡¡the¡¡bright¡¡sun¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡meeting¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡appoint¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨medi¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cine¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
balls¡¡that¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡used¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lacrosse¡¡contest£»¡¡and¡¡presently¡¡the¡¡herald¡¡
announced¡¡that¡¡this¡¡honor¡¡had¡¡been¡¡conferred¡¡upon¡¡old¡¡Chankpee¡yuhah£»¡¡
or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Keeps¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Club£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡profession¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡dis¡¡¡
appointed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡man¡¡physically£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡apparently¡¡won¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡confidence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡fine¡¡¡¡¡¡personal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
working¡¡upon¡¡superstitious¡¡minds¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Towards¡¡evening¡¡he¡¡appeared¡¡in¡¡the¡¡circle£»¡¡leading¡¡by¡¡the¡¡hand¡¡a¡¡boy¡¡
about¡¡four¡¡years¡¡old¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Closely¡¡the¡¡little¡¡fellow¡¡observed¡¡every¡¡motion¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡man£»¡¡nothing¡¡escaped¡¡his¡¡vigilant¡¡black¡¡eyes£»¡¡which¡¡seemed¡¡constantly¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡grow¡¡¡¡¡¡brighter¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡larger£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡exuberant¡¡¡¡¡¡glossy¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡¡¡¡¡¡hair¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
plaited¡¡and¡¡wound¡¡around¡¡his¡¡head¡¡like¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Celestial¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡wore¡¡a