the memorabilia-第28节

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＇7＇　Or；　〃the　glance　of　love；　the　scowl　of　hate；　which　one　directs
　　　　towards　another；　are　recognised　expressions　of　human　feeling。〃　Cf。
　　　　the　description　of　Parrhasius's　own　portrait　of　Demos；　ap。　Plin。
　　　　loc。　cit。

Parrh。　No　doubt　they　do。

Soc。　Then　this　look；　this　glance；　at　any　rate　may　be　imitated　in　the
eyes；　may　it　not？

Undoubtedly　（he　answered）。

Soc。　And　do　anxiety　and　relief　of　mind　occasioned　by　the　good　or　evil
fortune　of　those　we　love　both　wear　the　same　expression？

By　no　means　（he　answered）；　at　the　thought　of　good　we　are　radiant；　at
that　of　evil　a　cloud　hangs　on　the　brow。

Soc。　Then　here　again　are　looks　with　it　is　possible　to　represent？

Parrh。　Decidedly。

Soc。　Furthermore；　as　through　some　chink　or　crevice；　there　pierces
through　the　countenance　of　a　man；　through　the　very　posture　of　his　body
as　he　stands　or　moves；　a　glimpse　of　his　nobility　and　freedom；　or　again
of　something　in　him　low　and　grovellingthe　calm　of　self…restraint；
and　wisdom；　or　the　swagger　of　insolence　and　vulgarity？

You　are　right　（he　answered）。

Soc。　Then　these　too　may　be　imitated？

No　doubt　（he　said）。

Soc。　And　which　is　the　pleasanter　type　of　face　to　look　at；　do　you　think
one　on　which　is　imprinted　the　characteristics　of　a　beautiful；　good；
and　lovable　disposition；　or　one　which　bears　the　impress　of　what　is
ugly；　and　bad；　and　hateful？＇8＇

＇8＇　For　this　theory　cp。　Ruskin；　〃Mod。　P。〃　ii。　94　foll。　and　indeed
　　　　passim。

Parrh。　Doubtless；　Socrates；　there　is　a　vast　distinction　between　the
two。

At　another　time　he　entered　the　workshop　of　the　sculptor　Cleiton；＇9＇
and　in　course　of　conversation　with　him　said：

＇9＇　An　unknown　artist。　Coraes　conj。　｛Kleona｝。　Cf。　Plin。　xxxiv。　19；
　　　　Paus。　v。　17；　vi。　3。　He　excelled　in　portrait　statues。　See　Jowett；
　　　　〃Plato；〃　iv。；　〃Laws；〃　p。　123。

You　have　a　gallery　of　handsome　people　here；＇10＇　Cleiton；　runners；　and
wrestlers；　and　boxers；　and　pancratiaststhat　I　see　and　know；　but　how
do　you　give　the　magic　touch　of　life　to　your　creations；　which　most　of
all　allures　the　soul　of　the　beholder　through　his　sense　of　vision？

＇10＇　Reading　after　L。　Dind。　｛kaloi　ous｝；　or　if　vulg。　｛alloious｝；
　　　　translate　〃You　have　a　variety　of　types；　Cleiton；　not　all　of　one
　　　　mould；　but　runners；〃　etc。；　al。　〃I　see　quite　well　how　you　give　the
　　　　diversity　of　form　to　your　runners；〃　etc。

As　Cleiton　stood　perplexed；　and　did　not　answer　at　once；　Socrates
added：　Is　it　by　closely　imitating　the　forms　of　living　beings　that　you
succeed　in　giving　that　touch　of　life　to　your　statues？

No　doubt　（he　answered）。

Soc。　It　is；　is　it　not；　by　faithfully　copying　the　various　muscular
contractions　of　the　body　in　obedience　to　the　play　of　gesture　and
poise；　the　wrinklings　of　flesh　and　the　sprawl　of　limbs；　the　tensions
and　the　relaxations；　that　you　succeed　in　making　your　statues　like　real
beingsmake　them　〃breathe〃　as　people　say？

Cleit。　Without　a　doubt。

Soc。　And　does　not　the　faithful　imitation　of　the　various　affections　of
the　body　when　engaged　in　any　action　impart　a　particular　pleasure　to
the　beholder？

Cleit。　I　should　say　so。

Soc。　Then　the　threatenings　in　the　eyes　of　warriors　engaged　in　battle
should　be　carefully　copied；　or　again　you　should　imitate　the　aspect　of
a　conqueror　radiant　with　success？

Cleit。　Above　all　things。

Soc。　It　would　seem　then　that　the　sculptor　is　called　upon　to
incorporate　in　his　ideal　form　the　workings　and　energies　also　of　the
soul？

Paying　a　visit　to　Pistias；＇11＇　the　corselet　maker；　when　that　artist
showed　him　some　exquisite　samples　of　his　work；　Socrates　exclaimed：

＇11＇　Cf。　Athen。　iv。　20；　where　the　same　artist　is　referred　to
　　　　apparently　as　｛Piston｝；　and　for　the　type　of　person　see　the
　　　　〃Portrait　of　a　Tailor〃　by　Moroni　in　the　National　Gallerysee
　　　　〃Handbook；〃　Edw。　T。　Cook；　p。　152。

By　Hera！　a　pretty　invention　this；　Pistias；　by　which　you　contrive　that
the　corselet　should　cover　the　parts　of　the　person　which　need
protection；　and　at　the　same　time　leave　free　play　to　the　arms　and
hands。　。　。　。　but　tell　me；　Pistias　（he　added）；　why　do　you　ask　a　higher
price　for　these　corselets　of　yours　if　they　are　not　stouter　or　made　of
costlier　material　than　the　others？

Because；　Socrates　（he　answered）；　mine　are　of　much　finer　proportion。

Soc。　Proportion！　Then　how　do　you　make　this　quality　apparent　to　the
customer　so　as　to　justify　the　higher　priceby　measure　or　weight？　For
I　presume　you　cannot　make　them　all　exactly　equal　and　of　one　pattern
if　you　make　them　fit；　as　of　course　you　do？

Fit　indeed！　that　I　most　distinctly　do　（he　answered）；　take　my　word　for
it：　no　use　in　a　corselet　without　that。

But　then　are　not　the　wearer's　bodies　themselves　（asked　Socrates）　some
well　proportioned　and　others　ill？

Decidedly　so　（he　answered）。

Soc。　Then　how　do　you　manage　to　make　the　corselet　well　proportioned　if
it　is　to　fit　an　ill…proportioned　body？＇12＇

＇12＇　Or；　〃how　do　you　make　a　well…proportioned　corselet　fit　an　ill…
　　　　proportioned　body？　how　well　proportioned？〃

Pist。　To　the　same　degree　exactly　as　I　make　it　fit。　What　fits　is　well
proportioned。

Soc。　It　seems　you　use　the　term　〃well…proportioned〃　not　in　an　absolute
sense；　but　in　reference　to　the　wearer；　just　as　you　might　describe　a
shield　as　well　proportioned　to　the　individual　it　suits；　and　so　of　a
military　cloak；　and　so　of　the　rest　of　things；　in　your　terminology？　But
maybe　there　is　another　considerable　advantage　in　this　〃fitting〃？

Pist。　Pray　instruct　me；　Socrates；　if　you　have　got　an　idea。

Soc。　A　corselet　which　fits　is　less　galling　by　its　weight　than　one
which　does　not　fit；　for　the　latter　must　either　drag　from　the　shoulders
with　a　dead　weight　or　press　upon　some　other　part　of　the　body；　and　so
it　becomes　troublesome　and　uncomfortable；　but　that　which　fits；　having
its　weight　distributed　partly　along　the　collar…bone　and　shoulder…
blade；　partly　over　the　shoulders　and　chest；　and　partly　the　back　and
belly；　feels　like　another　natural　integument　rather　than　an　extra　load
to　carry。＇13＇

＇13＇　Schneider　ad　loc。　cf　Eur。　〃Electr。〃　192；　｛prosthemata　aglaias｝；
　　　　and　for　the　weight　cf。　Aristoph。　〃Peace；〃　1224。

Pist。　You　have　named　the　very　quality　which　gives　my　work　its
exceptional　value；　as　I　consider；　still　there　are　customers；　I　am
bound　to　say；　who　look　for　something　else　in　a　corseletthey　must
have　them　ornamental　or　inlaid　with　gold。

For　all　that　（replied　Socrates）；　if　they　end　by　purchasing　an　ill…
fitting　article；　they　only　become　the　proprietors　of　a　curiously…
wrought　and　gilded　nuisance；　as　it　seems　to　me。　But　（he　added）；　as　the
body　is　never　in　one　fixed　position；　but　is　at　one　time　curved；　at
another　raised　erect　how　can　an　exactly…modelled　corselet　fit？

Pist。　It　cannot　fit　at　all。

You　mean　（Socrates　continued）　that　it　is　not　the　exactly…modelled
corselet　which　fits；　but　that　which　does　not　gall　the　wearer　in　the
using？

Pist。　There；　Socrates；　you　have　hit　the　very　point。　I　see　you
understand　the　matter　most　precisely。＇14＇

＇14＇　Or；　〃There；　Socrates；　you　have　hit　the　very　phrase。　I　could　not
　　　　state　the　matter　more　explicitly　myself。〃


XI

There　was　once　in　the　city　a　fair　woman　named　Theodote。＇1＇　She　was　not
only　fair；　but　ready　to　consort　with　any　suitor　who　might　win　her
favour。　Now　it　chanced　that　some　one　of　the　company　mentioned　her；
saying　that　her　beauty　beggared　description。　〃So　fair　is　she；〃　he
added；　〃that　painters　flock　to　draw　her　portrait；　to　whom；　within　the
limits　of　decorum；　she　displays　the　marvels　of　her　beauty。〃　〃Then
there　is　nothing　for　it　but　to　go　and　see　her；〃　answered　Socrates；
〃since　to　comprehend　by　hearsay　what　is　beyond　description　is　clearly
impossible。〃　Then　he　who　had　introduced　the　matter　replied：　〃Be　quick
then　to　follow　me〃；　and　on　this　wise　they　set　off　to　seek　Theodote。
They　found　her　〃posing〃　to　a　certain　painter；　and　they　took　their
stand　as　spectators。　Presently　the　painter　had　ceased　his　work；
whereupon　Socrates：

＇1＇　For　Theodote　see　Athen。　v。　200　F；　xiii。　574　F；　Liban。　i。　582。　Some
　　　　say　that　it　was　Theodote　who　stood　by　Alcibiades　to　the　last；
　　　　though　there　are　apparently　other　better　claimants　to　the　honour。
　　　　Plut。　〃Alc。〃　（Clough；　ii。　p。　50）。

〃Do　you　think；　sirs；　that　we　ought　to　thank　Theodote　for　displaying
her　beauty　to　us；　or　she　us　for　coming　to　gaze　at　her？　。　。　。　It　would
seem；　would　it　not；　that　if　the　exhibition　of　her　charms　is　the　more
profitable　to　her；　the　debt　is　on　her　side；　but　if　the　spectacle　of
her　beauty　confers　the　greater　benefit　on　us；　then　we　are　her
debtors。〃

Some　one　answered　that　〃was　an　equitable　statement　of　the　case。〃

Well　then　（he　continued）；　as　far　as　she　is　concerned；　the　praise　we
bestow　on　her　is　an　immediate　gain；　and　presently；　when　we　have　spread
her　fame　abroad；　she　will　be　further　benefited；　but　for　ourselves　the
immediate　effect　on　us　is　a　strong　desire　to　touch　what　we　have　seen；
by　and　by；　too；　we　shall　go　away　with　a　sting　inside　us；　and　when　we
are　fairly　gone　we　shall　be　consumed　with　longing。　Consequently　it
seems　that　we　should　do　her　service　and　she　accept　our　court。

Whereupon　Theodote：　Oh　dear！　if　that　is　how　the　matter　stands；　it　is　I
who　am　your　debtor　for　the　spectacle。＇2＇

＇2＇　In　reference　to　the　remark　of　Socrates　above；