the memorabilia-第11节

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　　　　Dindorf　ad　loc。

Ar。　Yes；　but　I　must　tell　you　I　have　a　simple　remedy　against　all　such
misadventures。　I　do　not　confine　myself　to　any　single　civil　community。
I　roam　the　wide　world　a　foreigner。

Soc。　Well；　now；　that　is　a　masterly　stroke；　upon　my　word！＇18＇　Of
course；　ever　since　the　decease　of　Sinis；　and　Sciron；　and
Procrustes；＇19＇　foreign　travellers　have　had　an　easy　time　of　it。　But
still；　if　I　bethink　me；　even　in　these　modern　days　the　members　of　free
communities　do　pass　laws　in　their　respective　countries　for　self…
protection　against　wrong…doing。　Over　and　above　their　personal
connections；　they　provide　themselves　with　a　host　of　friends；　they　gird
their　cities　about　with　walls　and　battlements；　they　collect　armaments
to　ward　off　evil…doers；　and　to　make　security　doubly　sure；　they　furnish
themselves　with　allies　from　foreign　states。　In　spite　of　all　which
defensive　machinery　these　same　free　citizens　do　occasionally　fall
victims　to　injustice。　But　you；　who　are　without　any　of　these　aids；　you；
who　pass　half　your　days　on　the　high　roads　where　iniquity　is　rife；＇20＇
you；　who；　into　whatever　city　you　enter；　are　less　than　the　least　of　its
free　members；　and　moreover　are　just　the　sort　of　person　whom　any　one
bent　on　mischief　would　single　out　for　attackyet　you；　with　your
foreigner's　passport；　are　to　be　exempt　from　injury？　So　you　flatter
yourself。　And　why？　Will　the　state　authorities　cause　proclamation　to　be
made　on　your　behalf：　〃The　person　of　this　man　Aristippus　is　secure；　let
his　going　out　and　his　coming　in　be　free　from　danger〃？　Is　that　the
ground　of　your　confidence？　or　do　you　rather　rest　secure　in　the
consciousness　that　you　would　prove　such　a　slave　as　no　master　would
care　to　keep？　For　who　would　care　to　have　in　his　house　a　fellow　with　so
slight　a　disposition　to　work　and　so　strong　a　propensity　to
extravagance？　Suppose　we　stop　and　consider　that　very　point：　how　do
masters　deal　with　that　sort　of　domestic？　If　I　am　not　mistaken；　they
chastise　his　wantonness　by　starvation；　they　balk　his　thieving
tendencies　by　bars　and　bolts　where　there　is　anything　to　steal；　they
hinder　him　from　running　away　by　bonds　and　imprisonment；　they　drive　the
sluggishness　out　of　him　with　the　lash。　Is　it　not　so？　Or　how　do　you
proceed　when　you　discover　the　like　tendency　in　one　of　your　domestics？

＇18＇　Or；　〃Well　foiled！〃　〃A　masterly　fall！　my　prince　of　wrestlers。〃

＇19＇　For　these　mythical　highway　robbers；　see　Diod。　iv。　59；　and　for
　　　　Sciron　in　particular；　Plut。　〃Theseus；〃　10。

＇20＇　Or；　〃where　so　many　suffer　wrong。〃

Ar。　I　correct　them　with　all　the　plagues；　till　I　force　them　to　serve　me
properly。　But；　Socrates；　to　return　to　your　pupil　educated　in　the　royal
art；＇21＇　which；　if　I　mistake　not；　you　hold　to　be　happiness：　how；　may　I
ask；　will　he　be　better　off　than　others　who　lie　in　evil　case；　in　spite
of　themselves；　simply　because　they　suffer　perforce；　but　in　his　case
the　hunger　and　the　thirst；　the　cold　shivers　and　the　lying　awake　at
nights；　with　all　the　changes　he　will　ring　on　pain；　are　of　his　own
choosing？　For　my　part　I　cannot　see　what　difference　it　makes；　provided
it　is　one　and　the　same　bare　back　which　receives　the　stripes；　whether
the　whipping　be　self…appointed　or　unasked　for；　nor　indeed　does　it
concern　my　body　in　general；　provided　it　be　my　body；　whether　I　am
beleaguered　by　a　whole　armament　of　such　evils＇22＇　of　my　own　will　or
against　my　willexcept　only　for　the　folly　which　attaches　to　self…
appointed　suffering。

＇21＇　Cf。　below；　IV。　ii。　11；　Plat。　〃Statesm。〃　259　B；　〃Euthyd。〃　291　C；
　　　　K。　Joel；　op。　cit。　p。　387　foll。　〃Aristippus　anticipates　Adeimantus〃
　　　　（〃Rep。〃　419）；　W。　L。　Newman；　op。　cit。　i。　395。

＇22＇　Cf。　〃suffers　the　slings　and　arrows　of　outrageous　fortune。〃

Soc。　What；　Aristippus；　does　it　not　seem　to　you　that；　as　regards　such
matters；　there　is　all　the　difference　between　voluntary　and　involuntary
suffering；　in　that　he　who　starves　of　his　own　accord　can　eat　when　he
chooses；　and　he　who　thirsts　of　his　own　free　will　can　drink；　and　so　for
the　rest；　but　he　who　suffers　in　these　ways　perforce　cannot　desist　from
the　suffering　when　the　humour　takes　him？　Again；　he　who　suffers
hardship　voluntarily；　gaily　confronts　his　troubles；　being　buoyed　on
hope＇23＇just　as　a　hunter　in　pursuit　of　wild　beasts；　through　hope　of
capturing　his　quarry；　finds　toil　a　pleasureand　these　are　but　prizes
of　little　worth　in　return　for　their　labours；　but　what　shall　we　say　of
their　reward　who　toil　to　obtain　to　themselves　good　friends；　or　to
subdue　their　enemies；　or　that　through　strength　of　body　and　soul　they
may　administer　their　households　well；　befriend　their　friends；　and
benefit　the　land　which　gave　them　birth？　Must　we　not　suppose　that　these
too　will　take　their　sorrows　lightly；　looking　to　these　high　ends？　Must
we　not　suppose　that　they　too　will　gaily　confront　existence；　who　have
to　support　them　not　only　their　conscious　virtue；　but　the　praise　and
admiration　of　the　world？＇24＇　And　once　more；　habits　of　indolence；　along
with　the　fleeting　pleasures　of　the　moment；　are　incapable；　as　gymnastic
trainers　say；　of　setting　up＇25＇　a　good　habit　of　body；　or　of　implanting
in　the　soul　any　knowledge　worthy　of　account；　whereas　by　painstaking
endeavour　in　the　pursuit　of　high　and　noble　deeds；　as　good　men　tell　us；
through　endurance　we　shall　in　the　end　attain　the　goal。　So　Hesiod
somewhere　says：＇26＇

　　　　Wickedness　may　a　man　take　wholesale　with　ease；　smooth　is　the　way
　　　　and　her　dwelling…place　is　very　nigh；　but　in　front　of　virtue　the
　　　　immortal　gods　have　placed　toil　and　sweat；　long　is　the　path　and
　　　　steep　that　leads　to　her；　and　rugged　at　the　first；　but　when　the
　　　　summit　of　the　pass　is　reached；　then　for　all　its　roughness　the　path
　　　　grows　easy。

＇23＇　Cf。　above；　I。　vi。　8。

＇24＇　Or；　〃in　admiration　of　themselves；　the　praise　and　envy　of　the
　　　　world　at　large。〃

＇25＇　See　Hippocrates；　〃V。　Med。〃　18。

＇26＇　Hesiod；　〃Works　and　Days；〃　285。　See　Plat。　〃Prot。〃　340　C；　〃Rep。〃
　　　　ii。　364　D；　〃Laws；〃　iv。　718　E。

And　Ephicharmus＇27＇　bears　his　testimony　when　he　says：

　　　　The　gods　sell　us　all　good　things　in　return　for　our　labours。

＇27＇　Epicharmus　of　Cos；　the　chief　comic　poet　among　the　Dorians；　fl。
　　　　500　B。C。　Cf。　Plat。　〃Theaet。〃　152　E；　〃the　prince　of　comedy〃；
　　　　〃Gorg。〃　505　D。

And　again　in　another　passage　he　exclaims：

　　　　Set　not　thine　heart　on　soft　things；　thou　knave；　lest　thou　light
　　　　upon　the　hard。

And　that　wise　man　Prodicus＇28＇　delivers　himself　in　a　like　strain
concerning　virtue　in　that　composition　of　his　about　Heracles；　which
crowds　have　listened　to。＇29＇　This；　as　far　as　I　can　recollect　it；　is
the　substance　at　least　of　what　he　says：

＇28＇　Prodicus　of　Ceos。　See　Plat。　〃Men。〃　24；　〃Cratyl。〃　1；　Philostr。
　　　　〃Vit。　Soph。〃　i。　12。

＇29＇　Or；　〃which　he　is　fond　of　reciting　as　a　specimen　of　style。〃　The
　　　　title　of　the　｛epideixis｝　was　｛'Orai｝　according　to　Suidas；
　　　　｛Prodikos｝。

〃When　Heracles　was　emerging　from　boyhood　into　the　bloom　of　youth；
having　reached　that　season　in　which　the　young　man；　now　standing　upon
the　verge　of　independence；　shows　plainly　whether　he　will　enter　upon
the　path　of　virtue　or　of　vice；　he　went　forth　into　a　quiet　place；　and
sat　debating　with　himself　which　of　those　two　paths　he　should　pursue；
and　as　he　there　sat　musing；　there　appeared　to　him　two　women　of　great
stature　which　drew　nigh　to　him。　The　one　was　fair　to　look　upon；　frank
and　free　by　gift　of　nature；＇30＇　her　limbs　adorned　with　purity　and　her
eyes　with　bashfulness；　sobriety　set　the　rhythm　of　her　gait；　and　she
was　clad　in　white　apparel。　The　other　was　of　a　different　type；　the
fleshy　softness　of　her　limbs　betrayed　her　nurture；　while　the
complexion　of　her　skin　was　embellished　that　she　might　appear　whiter
and　rosier　than　she　really　was；　and　her　figure　that　she　might　seem
taller　than　nature　made　her；　she　stared　with　wide…open　eyes；　and　the
raiment　wherewith　she　was　clad　served　but　to　reveal　the　ripeness　of
her　bloom。　With　frequent　glances　she　surveyed　her　person；　or　looked　to
see　if　others　noticed　her；　while　ever　and　anon　she　fixed　her　gaze　upon
the　shadow　of　herself　intently。

＇30＇　Reading　｛eleutherion　phusei；　。　。　。｝　or　if　｛eleutherion；
　　　　phusei　。　。　。｝　translate　〃nature　had　adorned　her　limbs　。　。　。〃

〃Now　when　these　two　had　drawn　near　to　Heracles；　she　who　was　first
named　advanced　at　an　even　pace＇31＇　towards　him；　but　the　other；　in　her
eagerness　to　outstrip　her；　ran　forward　to　the　youth；　exclaiming；　'I
see　you；　Heracles；　in　doubt　and　difficulty　what　path　of　life　to
choose；　make　me　your　friend；　and　I　will　lead　you　to　the　pleasantest
road　and　easiest。　This　I　promise　you：　you　shall　taste　all　of　life's
sweets　and　escape　all　bitters。　In　the　first　place；　you　shall　not
trouble　your　brain　with　war　or　business；　other　topics　shall　engage
your　mind；＇32＇　your　only　speculation；　what　meat　or　drink　you　shall
find　agreeable　to　your　palate；　what　delight＇33＇　of　ear　or　eye；　what
pleasure　of　smell　or　touch；　what　darling　lover's　intercourse　shall
most　enrapture　you；　how　you　shall　pillow　your　limbs　in　softest
slumber；　how　cull　each　individual　pleasure　without　alloy　of　pain；　and
if　ever　the　suspicion　steal　upon　you　that　the　stream　of　joys　will　one
day　dwindle；　trust　me　I　will　not　lead　you　where　you　shall　replenish
the　store　by　toil　of　body　and　trouble　of　soul。　No！　ot