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eight high chiefs met in secret; and the supremacy of Samoa was 

secretly offered to Great Britain for the second time in history。  

Laupepa and Tamasese still figured as king and vice…king in the 

eyes of Dr。 Stuebel; in their own; they had secretly abdicated; 

were become private persons; and might do what they pleased without 

binding or dishonouring their country。  On the morrow; accordingly; 

they did public humiliation in the dust before the consulate; and 

five days later signed the convention。  The last was done; it is 

claimed; upon an impulse。  The humiliation; which it appeared to 

the Samoans so great a thing to offer; to the practical mind of Dr。 

Stuebel seemed a trifle to receive; and the pressure was continued 

and increased。  Laupepa and Tamasese were both heavy; well…meaning; 

inconclusive men。  Laupepa; educated for the ministry; still bears 

some marks of it in character and appearance; Tamasese was in 

private of an amorous and sentimental turn; but no one would have 

guessed it from his solemn and dull countenance。  Impossible to 

conceive two less dashing champions for a threatened race; and 

there is no doubt they were reduced to the extremity of muddlement 

and childish fear。  It was drawing towards night on the 10th; when 

this luckless pair and a chief of the name of Tuiatafu; set out for 

the German consulate; still minded to temporise。  As they went; 

they discussed their case with agitation。  They could see the 

lights of the German war…ships as they walked … an eloquent 

reminder。  And it was then that Tamasese proposed to sign the 

convention。  〃It will give us peace for the day;〃 said Laupepa; 

〃and afterwards Great Britain must decide。〃 … 〃Better fight Germany 

than that!〃 cried Tuiatafu; speaking words of wisdom; and departed 

in anger。  But the two others proceeded on their fatal errand; 

signed the convention; writing themselves king and vice…king; as 

they now believed themselves to be no longer; and with childish 

perfidy took part in a scene of 〃reconciliation〃 at the German 

consulate。



Malietoa supposed himself betrayed by Tamasese。  Consul Churchward 

states with precision that the document was sold by a scribe for 

thirty…six dollars。  Twelve days later at least; November 22nd; the 

text of the address to Great Britain came into the hands of Dr。 

Stuebel。  The Germans may have been wrong before; they were now in 

the right to be angry。  They had been publicly; solemnly; and 

elaborately fooled; the treaty and the reconciliation were both 

fraudulent; with the broad; farcical fraudulency of children and 

barbarians。  This history is much from the outside; it is the 

digested report of eye…witnesses; it can be rarely corrected from 

state papers; and as to what consuls felt and thought; or what 

instructions they acted under; I must still be silent or proceed by 

guess。  It is my guess that Stuebel now decided Malietoa Laupepa to 

be a man impossible to trust and unworthy to be dealt with。  And it 

is certain that the business of his deposition was put in hand at 

once。  The position of Weber; with his knowledge of things native; 

his prestige; and his enterprising intellect; must have always made 

him influential with the consul:  at this juncture he was 

indispensable。  Here was the deed to be done; here the man of 

action。  〃Mr。 Weber rested not;〃 says Laupepa。  It was 〃like the 

old days of his own consulate;〃 writes Churchward。  His messengers 

filled the isle; his house was thronged with chiefs and orators; he 

sat close over his loom; delightedly weaving the future。  There was 

one thing requisite to the intrigue; … a native pretender; and the 

very man; you would have said; stood waiting:  Mataafa; titular of 

Atua; descended from both the royal lines; late joint king with 

Tamasese; fobbed off with nothing in the time of the Lackawanna 

treaty; probably mortified by the circumstance; a chief with a 

strong following; and in character and capacity high above the 

native average。  Yet when Weber's spiriting was done; and the 

curtain rose on the set scene of the coronation; Mataafa was 

absent; and Tamasese stood in his place。  Malietoa was to be 

deposed for a piece of solemn and offensive trickery; and the man 

selected to replace him was his sole partner and accomplice in the 

act。  For so strange a choice; good ground must have existed; but 

it remains conjectural:  some supposing Mataafa scratched as too 

independent; others that Tamasese had indeed betrayed Laupepa; and 

his new advancement was the price of his treachery。



So these two chiefs began to change places like the scales of a 

balance; one down; the other up。  Tamasese raised his flag (Jan。 

28th; 1886) in Leulumoenga; chief place of his own province of 

Aana; usurped the style of king; and began to collect and arm a 

force。  Weber; by the admission of Stuebel; was in the market 

supplying him with weapons; so were the Americans; so; but for our 

salutary British law; would have been the British; for wherever 

there is a sound of battle; there will the traders be gathered 

together selling arms。  A little longer; and we find Tamasese 

visited and addressed as king and majesty by a German commodore。  

Meanwhile; for the unhappy Malietoa; the road led downward。  He was 

refused a bodyguard。  He was turned out of Mulinuu; the seat of his 

royalty; on a land claim of Weber's; fled across the Mulivai; and 

〃had the coolness〃 (German expression) to hoist his flag in Apia。  

He was asked 〃in the most polite manner;〃 says the same account … 

〃in the most delicate manner in the world;〃 a reader of Marryat 

might be tempted to amend the phrase; … to strike his flag in his 

own capital; and on his 〃refusal to accede to this request;〃 Dr。 

Stuebel appeared himself with ten men and an officer from the 

cruiser ALBATROSS; a sailor climbed into the tree and brought down 

the flag of Samoa; which was carefully folded; and sent; 〃in the 

most polite manner;〃 to its owner。  The consuls of England and the 

States were there (the excellent gentlemen!) to protest。  Last; and 

yet more explicit; the German commodore who visited the be…titled 

Tamasese; addressed the king … we may surely say the late king … as 

〃the High Chief Malietoa。〃



Had he no party; then?  At that time; it is probable; he might have 

called some five…sevenths of Samoa to his standard。  And yet he sat 

there; helpless monarch; like a fowl trussed for roasting。  The 

blame lies with himself; because he was a helpless creature; it 

lies also with England and the States。  Their agents on the spot 

preached peace (where there was no peace; and no pretence of it) 

with eloquence and iteration。  Secretary Bayard seems to have felt 

a call to join personally in the solemn farce; and was at the 

expense of a telegram in which he assured the sinking monarch it 

was 〃for the higher interests of Samoa〃 he should do nothing。  

There was no man better at doing that; the advice came straight 

home; and was devoutly followed。  And to be just to the great 

Powers; something was done in Europe; a conference was called; it 

was agreed to send commissioners to Samoa; and the decks had to be 

hastily cleared against their visit。  Dr。 Stuebel had attached the 

municipality of Apia and hoisted the German war…flag over Mulinuu; 

the American consul (in a sudden access of good service) had flown 

the stars and stripes over Samoan colours; on either side these 

steps were solemnly retracted。  The Germans expressly disowned 

Tamasese; and the islands fell into a period of suspense; of some 

twelve months' duration; during which the seat of the history was 

transferred to other countries and escapes my purview。  Here on the 

spot; I select three incidents:  the arrival on the scene of a new 

actor; the visit of the Hawaiian embassy; and the riot on the 

Emperor's birthday。  The rest shall be silence; only it must be 

borne in view that Tamasese all the while continued to strengthen 

himself in Leulumoenga; and Laupepa sat inactive listening to the 

song of consuls。



CAPTAIN BRANDEIS。  The new actor was Brandeis; a Bavarian captain 

of artillery; of a romantic and adventurous character。  He had 

served with credit in war; but soon wearied of garrison life; 

resigned his battery; came to the States; found employment as a 

civil engineer; visited Cuba; took a sub…contract on the Panama 

canal; caught the fever; and came (for the sake of the sea voyage) 

to Australia。  He had that natural love for the tropics which lies 

so often latent in persons of a northern birth; difficulty and 

danger attracted him; and when he was picked out for secret duty; 

to be the hand of Germany in Samoa; there is no doubt but he 

accepted the post with exhilaration。  It is doubtful if a better 

choice could have been made。  He had courage; integrity; ideas of 

his own; and loved the employment; the people; and t

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