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these reside。  Here and there; in the back yards of European 

establishments; he may have had a glimpse of a native house elbowed 

in a corner; but since he left Mulinuu; none on the beach where 

islanders prefer to live; scarce one on the line of street。  The 

handful of whites have everything; the natives walk in a foreign 

town。  A year ago; on a knoll behind a bar…room; he might have 

observed a native house guarded by sentries and flown over by the 

standard of Samoa。  He would then have been told it was the seat of 

government; driven (as I have to relate) over the Mulivai and from 

beyond the German town into the Anglo…Saxon。  To…day; he will learn 

it has been carted back again to its old quarters。  And he will 

think it significant that the king of the islands should be thus 

shuttled to and fro in his chief city at the nod of aliens。  And 

then he will observe a feature more significant still:  a house 

with some concourse of affairs; policemen and idlers hanging by; a 

man at a bank…counter overhauling manifests; perhaps a trial 

proceeding in the front verandah; or perhaps the council breaking 

up in knots after a stormy sitting。  And he will remember that he 

is in the ELEELE SA; the 〃Forbidden Soil;〃 or Neutral Territory of 

the treaties; that the magistrate whom he has just seen trying 

native criminals is no officer of the native king's; and that this; 

the only port and place of business in the kingdom; collects and 

administers its own revenue for its own behoof by the hands of 

white councillors and under the supervision of white consuls。  Let 

him go further afield。  He will find the roads almost everywhere to 

cease or to be made impassable by native pig…fences; bridges to be 

quite unknown; and houses of the whites to become at once a rare 

exception。  Set aside the German plantations; and the frontier is 

sharp。  At the boundary of the ELEELE SA; Europe ends; Samoa 

begins。  Here; then; is a singular state of affairs:  all the 

money; luxury; and business of the kingdom centred in one place; 

that place excepted from the native government and administered by 

whites for whites; and the whites themselves holding it not in 

common but in hostile camps; so that it lies between them like a 

bone between two dogs; each growling; each clutching his own end。



Should Apia ever choose a coat of arms; I have a motto ready: 

〃Enter Rumour painted full of tongues。〃  The majority of the 

natives do extremely little; the majority of the whites are 

merchants with some four mails in the month; shopkeepers with some 

ten or twenty customers a day; and gossip is the common resource of 

all。  The town hums to the day's news; and the bars are crowded 

with amateur politicians。  Some are office…seekers; and earwig king 

and consul; and compass the fall of officials; with an eye to 

salary。  Some are humorists; delighted with the pleasure of faction 

for itself。   〃I never saw so good a place as this Apia;〃 said one 

of these; 〃you can be in a new conspiracy every day!〃  Many; on the 

other hand; are sincerely concerned for the future of the country。  

The quarters are so close and the scale is so small; that perhaps 

not any one can be trusted always to preserve his temper。  Every 

one tells everything he knows; that is our country sickness。  

Nearly every one has been betrayed at times; and told a trifle 

more; the way our sickness takes the predisposed。  And the news 

flies; and the tongues wag; and fists are shaken。  Pot boil and 

caldron bubble!



Within the memory of man; the white people of Apia lay in the worst 

squalor of degradation。  They are now unspeakably improved; both 

men and women。  To…day they must be called a more than fairly 

respectable population; and a much more than fairly intelligent。  

The whole would probably not fill the ranks of even an English 

half…battalion; yet there are a surprising number above the average 

in sense; knowledge; and manners。  The trouble (for Samoa) is that 

they are all here after a livelihood。  Some are sharp 

practitioners; some are famous (justly or not) for foul play in 

business。  Tales fly。  One merchant warns you against his 

neighbour; the neighbour on the first occasion is found to return 

the compliment:  each with a good circumstantial story to the 

proof。  There is so much copra in the islands; and no more; a man's 

share of it is his share of bread; and commerce; like politics; is 

here narrowed to a focus; shows its ugly side; and becomes as 

personal as fisticuffs。  Close at their elbows; in all this 

contention; stands the native looking on。  Like a child; his true 

analogue; he observes; apprehends; misapprehends; and is usually 

silent。  As in a child; a considerable intemperance of speech is 

accompanied by some power of secrecy。  News he publishes; his 

thoughts have often to be dug for。  He looks on at the rude career 

of the dollar…hunt; and wonders。  He sees these men rolling in a 

luxury beyond the ambition of native kings; he hears them accused 

by each other of the meanest trickery; he knows some of them to be 

guilty; and what is he to think?  He is strongly conscious of his 

own position as the common milk…cow; and what is he to do?  〃Surely 

these white men on the beach are not great chiefs?〃 is a common 

question; perhaps asked with some design of flattering the person 

questioned。  And one; stung by the last incident into an unusual 

flow of English; remarked to me: 〃I begin to be weary of white men 

on the beach。〃



But the true centre of trouble; the head of the boil of which Samoa 

languishes; is the German firm。  From the conditions of business; a 

great island house must ever be an inheritance of care; and it 

chances that the greatest still afoot has its chief seat in Apia 

bay; and has sunk the main part of its capital in the island of 

Upolu。  When its founder; John Caesar Godeffroy; went bankrupt over 

Russian paper and Westphalian iron; his most considerable asset was 

found to be the South Sea business。  This passed (I understand) 

through the hands of Baring Brothers in London; and is now run by a 

company rejoicing in the Gargantuan name of the DEUTSCHE HANDELS 

UND PLANTAGEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR SUD…SEE INSELN ZU HAMBURG。  This 

piece of literature is (in practice) shortened to the D。 H。 and P。 

G。; the Old Firm; the German Firm; the Firm; and (among humorists) 

the Long Handle Firm。  Even from the deck of an approaching ship; 

the island is seen to bear its signature … zones of cultivation 

showing in a more vivid tint of green on the dark vest of forest。  

The total area in use is near ten thousand acres。  Hedges of 

fragrant lime enclose; broad avenues intersect them。  You shall 

walk for hours in parks of palm…tree alleys; regular; like soldiers 

on parade; in the recesses of the hills you may stumble on a mill…

house; tolling and trembling there; fathoms deep in superincumbent 

forest。  On the carpet of clean sward; troops of horses and herds 

of handsome cattle may be seen to browse; and to one accustomed to 

the rough luxuriance of the tropics; the appearance is of 

fairyland。  The managers; many of them German sea…captains; are 

enthusiastic in their new employment。  Experiment is continually 

afoot:  coffee and cacao; both of excellent quality; are among the 

more recent outputs; and from one plantation quantities of 

pineapples are sent at a particular season to the Sydney markets。  

A hundred and fifty thousand pounds of English money; perhaps two 

hundred thousand; lie sunk in these magnificent estates。  In 

estimating the expense of maintenance quite a fleet of ships must 

be remembered; and a strong staff of captains; supercargoes; 

overseers; and clerks。  These last mess together at a liberal 

board; the wages are high; and the staff is inspired with a strong 

and pleasing sentiment of loyalty to their employers。



Seven or eight hundred imported men and women toil for the company 

on contracts of three or of five years; and at a hypothetical wage 

of a few dollars in the month。  I am now on a burning question:  

the labour traffic; and I shall ask permission in this place only 

to touch it with the tongs。  Suffice it to say that in Queensland; 

Fiji; New Caledonia; and Hawaii it has been either suppressed or 

placed under close public supervision。  In Samoa; where it still 

flourishes; there is no regulation of which the public receives any 

evidence; and the dirty linen of the firm; if there be any dirty; 

and if it be ever washed at all; is washed in private。  This is 

unfortunate; if Germans would believe it。  But they have no idea of 

publicity; keep their business to themselves; rather affect to 

〃move in a mysterious way;〃 and are naturally incensed by 

criticisms; which they consider hypocritical; from men who would 

import 〃labour〃 for themselves; if they could afford it; and would 

probably maltreat them if t

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