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colleagues; who shook hands。  If Knappe were dead…weighted with the 

inheritance of Becker; Blacklock was handicapped by reminiscences 

of Leary; it is the more to the credit of this inexperienced man 

that he should have maintained in the future so excellent an 

attitude of firmness and moderation; and that when the crash came; 

Knappe and de Coetlogon; not Knappe and Blacklock; were found to be 

the protagonists of the drama。  The conference was futile。  The 

English and American consuls admitted but one cure of the evils of 

the time:  that the farce of the Tamasese monarchy should cease。  

It was one which the German refused to consider。  And the agents 

separated without reaching any result; save that diplomatic 

relations had been restored between the States and Germany; and 

that all three were convinced of their fundamental differences。



Knappe and de Coetlogon were still friends; they had disputed and 

differed and come within a finger's breadth of war; and they were 

still friends。  But an event was at hand which was to separate them 

for ever。  On December 4th came the ROYALIST; Captain Hand; to 

relieve the LIZARD。  Pelly of course had to take his canvas from 

the consulate hospital; but he had in charge certain awnings 

belonging to the ROYALIST; and with these they made shift to cover 

the wounded; at that time (after the fight at Laulii) more than 

usually numerous。  A lieutenant came to the consulate; and 

delivered (as I have received it) the following message: 〃Captain 

Hand's compliments; and he says you must get rid of these niggers 

at once; and he will help you to do it。〃  Doubtless the reply was 

no more civil than the message。  The promised 〃help;〃 at least; 

followed promptly。  A boat's crew landed and the awnings were 

stripped from the wounded; Hand himself standing on the colonel's 

verandah to direct operations。  It were fruitless to discuss this 

passage from the humanitarian point of view; or from that of formal 

courtesy。  The mind of the new captain was plainly not directed to 

these objects。  But it is understood that he considered the 

existence of a hospital a source of irritation to Germans and a 

fault in policy。  His own rude act proved in the result far more 

impolitic。  The hospital had now been open some two months; and de 

Coetlogon was still on friendly terms with Knappe; and he and his 

wife were engaged to dine with him that day。  By the morrow that 

was practically ended。  For the rape of the awnings had two 

results:  one; which was the fault of de Coetlogon; not at all of 

Hand; who could not have foreseen it; the other which it was his 

duty to have seen and prevented。  The first was this:  the de 

Coetlogons found themselves left with their wounded exposed to the 

inclemencies of the season; they must all be transported into the 

house and verandah; in the distress and pressure of this task; the 

dinner engagement was too long forgotten; and a note of excuse did 

not reach the German consulate before the table was set; and Knappe 

dressed to receive his visitors。  The second consequence was 

inevitable。  Captain Hand was scarce landed ere it became public 

(was 〃SOFORT BEKANNT;〃 writes Knappe) that he and the consul were 

in opposition。  All that had been gained by the demonstration at 

Laulii was thus immediately cast away; de Coetlogon's prestige was 

lessened; and it must be said plainly that Hand did less than 

nothing to restore it。  Twice indeed he interfered; both times with 

success; and once; when his own person had been endangered; with 

vehemence; but during all the strange doings I have to narrate; he 

remained in close intimacy with the German consulate; and on one 

occasion may be said to have acted as its marshal。  After the worst 

is over; after Bismarck has told Knappe that 〃the protests of his 

English colleague were grounded;〃 that his own conduct 〃has not 

been good;〃 and that in any dispute which may arise he 〃will find 

himself in the wrong;〃 Knappe can still plead in his defence that 

Captain Hand 〃has always maintained friendly intercourse with the 

German authorities。〃  Singular epitaph for an English sailor。  In 

this complicity on the part of Hand we may find the reason … and I 

had almost said; the excuse … of much that was excessive in the 

bearing of the unfortunate Knappe。



On the 11th December; Mataafa received twenty…eight thousand 

cartridges; brought into the country in salt…beef kegs by the 

British ship RICHMOND。  This not only sharpened the animosity 

between whites; following so closely on the German fizzle at 

Laulii; it raised a convulsion in the camp of Tamasese。  On the 

13th Brandeis addressed to Knappe his famous and fatal letter。  I 

may not describe it as a letter of burning words; but it is plainly 

dictated by a burning heart。  Tamasese and his chiefs; he 

announces; are now sick of the business; and ready to make peace 

with Mataafa。  They began the war relying upon German help; they 

now see and say that 〃E FAAALO SIAMANI I PERITANIA MA AMERICA; that 

Germany is subservient to England and the States。〃  It is grimly 

given to be understood that the despatch is an ultimatum; and a 

last chance is being offered for the recreant ally to fulfil her 

pledge。  To make it more plain; the document goes on with a kind of 

bilious irony: 〃The two German war…ships now in Samoa are here for 

the protection of German property alone; and when the OLGA shall 

have arrived〃 'she arrived on the morrow' 〃the German war…ships 

will continue to do against the insurgents precisely as little as 

they have done heretofore。〃  Plant flags; in fact。



Here was Knappe's opportunity; could he have stooped to seize it。  

I find it difficult to blame him that he could not。  Far from being 

so inglorious as the treachery once contemplated by Becker; the 

acceptance of this ultimatum would have been still in the nature of 

a disgrace。  Brandeis's letter; written by a German; was hard to 

swallow。  It would have been hard to accept that solution which 

Knappe had so recently and so peremptorily refused to his brother 

consuls。  And he was tempted; on the other hand; by recent changes。  

There was no Pelly to support de Coetlogon; who might now be 

disregarded。  Mullan; Leary's successor; even if he were not 

precisely a Hand; was at least no Leary; and even if Mullan should 

show fight; Knappe had now three ships and could defy or sink him 

without danger。  Many small circumstances moved him in the same 

direction。  The looting of German plantations continued; the whole 

force of Mataafa was to a large extent subsisted from the crops of 

Vailele; and armed men were to be seen openly plundering bananas; 

bread…fruit; and cocoa…nuts under the walls of the plantation 

building。  On the night of the 13th the consulate stable had been 

broken into and a horse removed。  On the 16th there was a riot in 

Apia between half…castes and sailors from the new ship OLGA; each 

side claiming that the other was the worse of drink; both (for a 

wager) justly。  The multiplication of flags and little neutral 

territories had; besides; begun to irritate the Samoans。  The 

protests of German settlers had been received uncivilly。  On the 

16th the Mataafas had again sought to land in Saluafata bay; with 

the manifest intention to attack the Tamaseses; or (in other words) 

〃to trespass on German lands; covered; as your Excellency knows; 

with flags。〃  I quote from his requisition to Fritze; December 

17th。  Upon all these considerations; he goes on; it is necessary 

to bring the fighting to an end。  Both parties are to be disarmed 

and returned to their villages … Mataafa first。  And in case of any 

attempt upon Apia; the roads thither are to be held by a strong 

landing…party。  Mataafa was to be disarmed first; perhaps rightly 

enough in his character of the last insurgent。  Then was to have 

come the turn of Tamasese; but it does not appear the disarming 

would have had the same import or have been gone about in the same 

way。  Germany was bound to Tamasese。  No honest man would dream of 

blaming Knappe because he sought to redeem his country's word。  The 

path he chose was doubtless that of honour; so far as honour was 

still left。  But it proved to be the road to ruin。



Fritze; ranking German officer; is understood to have opposed the 

measure。  His attitude earned him at the time unpopularity among 

his country…people on the spot; and should now redound to his 

credit。  It is to be hoped he extended his opposition to some of 

the details。  If it were possible to disarm Mataafa at all; it must 

be done rather by prestige than force。  A party of blue…jackets 

landed in Samoan bush; and expected to hold against Samoans a 

multiplicity of forest paths; had their work cut out for them。  And 

it was plain they should be landed in the light of day; with a 

discouraging openness; and even

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