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The native opposition; I say; was in a sense continuous。  And it 

kept continuously growing。  The sphere of Brandeis was limited to 

Mulinuu and the north central quarters of Upolu … practically what 

is shown upon the map opposite。  There the taxes were expanded; in 

the out…districts; men paid their money and saw no return。  Here 

the eye and hand of the dictator were ready to correct the scales 

of justice; in the out…districts; all things lay at the mercy of 

the native magistrates; and their oppressions increased with the 

course of time and the experience of impunity。  In the spring of 

the year; a very intelligent observer had occasion to visit many 

places in the island of Savaii。  〃Our lives are not worth living;〃 

was the burthen of the popular complaint。  〃We are groaning under 

the oppression of these men。  We would rather die than continue to 

endure it。〃  On his return to Apia; he made haste to communicate 

his impressions to Brandeis。  Brandeis replied in an epigram: 

〃Where there has been anarchy in a country; there must be 

oppression for a time。〃  But unfortunately the terms of the epigram 

may be reversed; and personal supervision would have been more in 

season than wit。  The same observer who conveyed to him this 

warning thinks that; if Brandeis had himself visited the districts 

and inquired into complaints; the blow might yet have been averted 

and the government saved。  At last; upon a certain unconstitutional 

act of Tamasese; the discontent took life and fire。  The act was of 

his own conception; the dull dog was ambitious。  Brandeis declares 

he would not be dissuaded; perhaps his adviser did not seriously 

try; perhaps did not dream that in that welter of contradictions; 

the Samoan constitution; any one point would be considered sacred。  

I have told how Tamasese assumed the title of Tuiatua。  In August 

1888 a year after his installation; he took a more formidable step 

and assumed that of Malietoa。  This name; as I have said; is of 

peculiar honour; it had been given to; it had never been taken 

from; the exiled Laupepa; those in whose grant it lay; stood 

punctilious upon their rights; and Tamasese; as the representative 

of their natural opponents; the Tupua line; was the last who should 

have had it。  And there was yet more; though I almost despair to 

make it thinkable by Europeans。  Certain old mats are handed down; 

and set huge store by; they may be compared to coats of arms or 

heirlooms among ourselves; and to the horror of more than one…half 

of Samoa; Tamasese; the head of the Tupua; began collecting 

Malietoa mats。  It was felt that the cup was full; and men began to 

prepare secretly for rebellion。  The history of the month of August 

is unknown to whites; it passed altogether in the covert of the 

woods or in the stealthy councils of Samoans。  One ominous sign was 

to be noted; arms and ammunition began to be purchased or inquired 

about; and the more wary traders ordered fresh consignments of 

material of war。  But the rest was silence; the government slept in 

security; and Brandeis was summoned at last from a public dinner; 

to find rebellion organised; the woods behind Apia full of 

insurgents; and a plan prepared; and in the very article of 

execution; to surprise and seize Mulinuu。  The timely discovery 

averted all; and the leaders hastily withdrew towards the south 

side of the island; leaving in the bush a rear…guard under a young 

man of the name of Saifaleupolu。  According to some accounts; it 

scarce numbered forty; the leader was no great chief; but a 

handsome; industrious lad who seems to have been much beloved。  And 

upon this obstacle Brandeis fell。  It is the man's fault to be too 

impatient of results; his public intention to free Samoa of all 

debt within the year; depicts him; and instead of continuing to 

temporise and let his enemies weary and disperse; he judged it 

politic to strike a blow。  He struck it; with what seemed to be 

success; and the sound of it roused Samoa to rebellion。



About two in the morning of August 31st; Apia was wakened by men 

marching。  Day came; and Brandeis and his war…party were already 

long disappeared in the woods。  All morning belated Tamaseseites 

were still to be seen running with their guns。  All morning shots 

were listened for in vain; but over the top of the forest; far up 

the mountain; smoke was for some time observed to hang。  About ten 

a dead man was carried in; lashed under a pole like a dead pig; his 

rosary (for he was a Catholic) hanging nearly to the ground。  Next 

came a young fellow wounded; sitting in a rope swung from a pole; 

two fellows bearing him; two running behind for a relief。  At last 

about eleven; three or four heavy volleys and a great shouting were 

heard from the bush town Tanungamanono; the affair was over; the 

victorious force; on the march back; was there celebrating its 

victory by the way。  Presently after; it marched through Apia; five 

or six hundred strong; in tolerable order and strutting with the 

ludicrous assumption of the triumphant islander。  Women who had 

been buying bread ran and gave them loaves。  At the tail end came 

Brandeis himself; smoking a cigar; deadly pale; and with perhaps an 

increase of his usual nervous manner。  One spoke to him by the way。  

He expressed his sorrow the action had been forced on him。  〃Poor 

people; it's all the worse for them!〃 he said。  〃It'll have to be 

done another way now。〃  And it was supposed by his hearer that he 

referred to intervention from the German war…ships。  He meant; he 

said; to put a stop to head…hunting; his men had taken two that 

day; he added; but he had not suffered them to bring them in; and 

they had been left in Tanungamanono。  Thither my informant rode; 

was attracted by the sound of walling; and saw in a house the two 

heads washed and combed; and the sister of one of the dead 

lamenting in the island fashion and kissing the cold face。  Soon 

after; a small grave was dug; the heads were buried in a beef box; 

and the pastor read the service。  The body of Saifaleupolu himself 

was recovered unmutilated; brought down from the forest; and buried 

behind Apia。



The same afternoon; the men of Vaimaunga were ordered to report in 

Mulinuu; where Tamasese's flag was half…masted for the death of a 

chief in the skirmish。  Vaimaunga is that district of Taumasanga 

which includes the bay and the foothills behind Apia; and both 

province and district are strong Malietoa。  Not one man; it is 

said; obeyed the summons。  Night came; and the town lay in unusual 

silence; no one abroad; the blinds down around the native houses; 

the men within sleeping on their arms; the old women keeping watch 

in pairs。  And in the course of the two following days all 

Vaimaunga was gone into the bush; the very gaoler setting free his 

prisoners and joining them in their escape。  Hear the words of the 

chiefs in the 23rd article of their complaint: 〃Some of the chiefs 

fled to the bush from fear of being reported; fear of German men…

of…war; constantly being accused; etc。; and Brandeis commanded that 

they were to be shot on sight。  This act was carried out by 

Brandeis on the 31st day of August; 1888。  After this we evaded 

these laws; we could not stand them; our patience was worn out with 

the constant wickedness of Tamasese and Brandeis。  We were tired 

out and could stand no longer the acts of these two men。〃



So through an ill…timed skirmish; two severed heads; and a dead 

body; the rule of Brandeis came to a sudden end。  We shall see him 

a while longer fighting for existence in a losing battle; but his 

government … take it for all in all; the most promising that has 

ever been in these unlucky islands … was from that hour a piece of 

history。







CHAPTER V … THE BATTLE OF MATAUTU

SEPTEMBER 1888







THE revolution had all the character of a popular movement。  Many 

of the high chiefs were detained in Mulinuu; the commons trooped to 

the bush under inferior leaders。  A camp was chosen near Faleula; 

threatening Mulinuu; well placed for the arrival of recruits and 

close to a German plantation from which the force could be 

subsisted。  Manono came; all Tuamasanga; much of Savaii; and part 

of Aana; Tamasese's own government and titular seat。  Both sides 

were arming。  It was a brave day for the trader; though not so 

brave as some that followed; when a single cartridge is said to 

have been sold for twelve cents currency … between nine and ten 

cents gold。  Yet even among the traders a strong party feeling 

reigned; and it was the common practice to ask a purchaser upon 

which side he meant to fight。



On September 5th; Brandeis published a letter: 〃To the chiefs of 

Tuamasanga; Manono; and Faasaleleanga in the Bush:  Chiefs; by 

authority of his majesty Tamasese; the king of Samoa; I make known 

to you all that the Ge

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