pericles-第4节

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　　For；　indeed；　there　was　from　the　beginning　a　sort　of　concealed　split；
or　seam；　as　it　might　be　in　a　piece　of　iron；　marking　the　different
popular　and　aristocratical　tendencies；　but　the　open　rivalry　and
contention　of　these　two　opponents　made　the　gash　deep；　and　severed
the　city　into　the　two　parties　of　the　people　and　the　few。　And　so
Pericles；　at　that　time；　more　than　at　any　other；　let　loose　the　reins　to
the　people；　and　made　his　policy　subservient　to　their　pleasure；
contriving　continually　to　have　some　great　public　show　or　solemnity；
some　banquet；　or　some　procession　or　other　in　the　town　to　please
them；　coaxing　his　countrymen　like　children　with　such　delights　and
pleasures　as　were　not；　however；　unedifying。　Besides　that　every　year　he
sent　out　threescore　galleys；　on　board　of　which　there　were　numbers　of
the　citizens；　who　were　in　pay　eight　months；　learning　at　the　same
time　and　practising　the　art　of　seamanship。
　　He　sent；　moreover；　a　thousand　of　them　into　the　Chersonese　as
planters；　to　share　the　land　among　them　by　lot；　and　five　hundred　more
into　the　isle　of　Naxos；　and　half　that　number　to　Andros；　a　thousand
into　Thrace　to　dwell　among　the　Bisaltae；　and　others　into　Italy；　when
the　city　Sybaris；　which　now　was　called　Thurii；　was　to　be　repeopled。
And　this　he　did　to　ease　and　discharge　the　city　of　an　idle；　and；　by
reason　of　their　idleness；　a　busy　meddling　crowd　of　people；　and　at
the　same　time　to　meet　the　necessities　and　restore　the　fortunes　of
the　poor　townsmen；　and　to　intimidate；　also；　and　check　their　allies
from　attempting　any　change；　by　posting　such　garrisons；　as　it　were；
in　the　midst　of　them。
　　That　which　gave　most　pleasure　and　ornament　to　the　city　of　Athens；
and　the　greatest　admiration　and　even　astonishment　to　all　strangers；
and　that　which　now　is　Greece's　only　evidence　that　the　power　she　boasts
of　and　her　ancient　wealth　are　no　romance　or　idle　story；　was　his
construction　of　the　public　and　sacred　buildings。　Yet　this　was　that
of　all　his　actions　in　the　government　which　his　enemies　most　looked
askance　upon　and　cavilled　at　in　the　popular　assemblies；　crying　out　how
that　the　commonwealth　of　Athens　had　lost　its　reputation　and　was
ill…spoken　of　abroad　for　removing　the　common　treasure　of　the　Greeks
from　the　isle　of　Delos　into　their　own　custody；　and　how　that　their
fairest　excuse　for　so　doing；　namely；　that　they　took　it　away　for　fear
the　barbarians　should　seize　it；　and　on　purpose　to　secure　it　in　a
safe　place；　this　Pericles　had　made　unavailable；　and　how　that　〃Greece
cannot　but　resent　it　as　an　insufferable　affront；　and　consider
herself　to　be　tyrannized　over　openly；　when　she　sees　the　treasure；
which　was　contributed　by　her　upon　a　necessity　for　the　war；　wantonly
lavished　out　by　us　upon　our　city；　to　gild　her　all　over；　and　to　adorn
and　set　her　forth；　as　it　were　some　vain　woman；　hung　round　with
precious　stones　and　figures　and　temples；　which　cost　a　world　of　money。〃
　　Pericles；　on　the　other　hand；　informed　the　people；　that　they　were
in　no　way　obliged　to　give　any　account　of　those　moneys　to　their　allies；
so　long　as　they　maintained　their　defence；　and　kept　off　the
barbarians　from　attacking　them；　while　in　the　meantime　they　did　not
so　much　as　supply　one　horse　or　man　or　ship；　but　only　found　money　for
the　service；　〃which　money；〃　said　he；　〃is　not　theirs　that　give　it；
but　theirs　that　receive　it；　if　so　be　they　perform　the　conditions
upon　which　they　receive　it。〃　And　that　it　was　good　reason；　that；　now
the　city　was　sufficiently　provided　and　stored　with　all　things
necessary　for　the　war；　they　should　convert　the　overplus　of　its
wealth　to　such　undertakings　as　would　hereafter；　when　completed；　give
them　eternal　honour；　and；　for　the　present；　while　in　process；　freely
supply　all　the　inhabitants　with　plenty。　With　their　variety　of
workmanship　and　of　occasions　for　service；　which　summon　all　arts　and
trades　and　require　all　hands　to　be　employed　about　them；　they　do
actually　put　the　whole　city；　in　a　manner；　into　state…pay；　while　at　the
same　time　she　is　both　beautiful　and　maintained　by　herself。　For　as
those　who　are　of　age　and　strength　for　war　are　provided　for　and
maintained　in　the　armaments　abroad　by　their　pay　out　of　the　public
stock；　so；　it　being　his　desire　and　design　that　the　undisciplined
mechanic　multitude　that　stayed　at　home　should　not　go　without　their
share　of　public　salaries；　and　yet　should　not　have　them　given　them
for　sitting　still　and　doing　nothing；　to　that　end　he　thought　fit　to
bring　in　among　them；　with　the　approbation　of　the　people；　these　vast
projects　of　buildings　and　designs　of　work；　that　would　be　of　some
continuance　before　they　were　finished；　and　would　give　employment　to
numerous　arts；　so　that　the　part　of　the　people　that　stayed　at　home
might；　no　less　than　those　that　were　at　sea　or　in　garrisons　or　on
expeditions；　have　a　fair　and　just　occasion　of　receiving　the　benefit
and　having　their　share　of　the　public　moneys。
　　The　materials　were　stone；　brass；　ivory；　gold；　ebony；　cypresswood；
and　the　arts　or　trades　that　wrought　and　fashioned　them　were　smiths　and
carpenters；　moulders；　founders　and　braziers；　stone…cutters；　dyers；
goldsmiths；　ivory…workers；　painters；　embroiderers；　turners；　those
again　that　conveyed　them　to　the　town　for　use；　merchants　and　mariners
and　ship…masters　by　sea；　and　by　land；　cartwrights；　cattle…breeders；
wagoners；　rope…makers；　flax…workers；　shoemakers　and
leather…dressers；　road…makers；　miners。　And　every　trade　in　the　same
nature；　as　a　captain　in　an　army　has　his　particular　company　of　soldiers
under　him；　had　its　own　hired　company　of　journeymen　and　labourers
belonging　to　it　banded　together　as　in　array；　to　be　as　it　were　the
instrument　and　body　for　the　performance　of　the　service。　Thus；　to　say
all　in　a　word；　the　occasions　and　services　of　these　public　works
distributed　plenty　through　every　age　and　condition。
　　As　then　grew　the　works　up；　no　less　stately　in　size　than　exquisite　in
form；　the　workmen　striving　to　outvie　the　material　and　the　design
with　the　beauty　of　their　workmanship；　yet　the　most　wonderful　thing
of　all　was　the　rapidity　of　their　execution。
　　Undertakings；　any　one　of　which　singly　might　have　required；　they
thought；　for　their　completion；　several　successions　and　ages　of　men；
were　every　one　of　them　accomplished　in　the　height　and　prime　of　one
man's　political　service。　Although　they　say；　too；　that　Zeuxis　once；
having　heard　Agatharchus　the　painter　boast　of　despatching　his　work
with　speed　and　ease；　replied；　〃I　take　a　long　time。〃　For　ease　and　speed
in　doing　a　thing　do　not　give　the　work　lasting　solidity　or　exactness　of
beauty；　the　expenditure　of　time　allowed　to　a　man's　pains　beforehand
for　the　production　of　a　thing　is　repaid　by　way　of　interest　with　a
vital　force　for　the　preservation　when　once　produced。　For　which
reason　Pericles's　works　are　especially　admired；　as　having　been　made
quickly；　to　last　long。　For　every　particular　piece　of　his　work　was
immediately；　even　at　that　time；　for　its　beauty　and　elegance；
antique；　and　yet　in　its　vigour　and　freshness　looks　to　this　day　as　if
it　were　just　executed。　There　is　a　sort　of　bloom　of　newness　upon
those　works　of　his；　preserving　them　from　the　touch　of　time；　as　if　they
had　some　perennial　spirit　and　undying　vitality　mingled　in　the
composition　of　them。
　　Phidias　had　the　oversight　of　all　the　works；　and　was
surveyor…general；　though　upon　the　various　portions　other　great　masters
and　workmen　were　employed。　For　Callicrates　and　Ictinus　built　the
Parthenon；　the　chapel　at　Eleusis；　where　the　mysteries　were　celebrated；
was　begun　by　Coroebus；　who　erected　the　pillars　that　stand　upon　the
floor　or　pavement；　and　joined　them　to　the　architraves；　and　after　his
death　Metagenes　of　Xypete　added　the　frieze　and　the　upper　line　of
columns；　Xenocles　of　Cholargus　roofed　or　arched　the　lantern　on　top
of　the　temple　of　Castor　and　Pollux；　and　the　long　wall；　which
Socrates　says　he　himself　heard　Pericles　propose　to　the　people；　was
undertaken　by　Callicrates。　This　work　Cratinus　ridicules；　as　long　in
finishing…

　　　　　　　　〃'Tis　long　since　Pericles；　if　words　would　do　it；
　　　　　　　　　Talked　up　the　wall；　yet　adds　not　one　mite　to　it。〃

　　The　Odeum；　or　music…room；　which　in　its　interior　was　full　of　seats
and　ranges　of　pillars；　and　outside　had　its　roof　made　to　slope　and
descend　from　one　single　point　at　the　top；　was　constructed；　we　are
told；　in　imitation　of　the　King　of　Persia's　Pavilion；　this　likewise
by　Pericles's　order；　which　Cratinus　again；　in　his　comedy　called　the
Thracian　Women；　made　an　occasion　of　raillery…

　　　　　　　　〃So；　we　see　here；
　　　　　　　　　Jupiter　Long…pate　Pericles　appear；
　　　　　　　　　Since　ostracism　time；　he's　laid　aside　his　head；
　　　　　　　　　And　wears　the　new　Odeum　in　its　stead。〃

　　Pericles；　also　eager　for　distinction；　then　first　obtained　the　decree
for　a　contest　in　musical　skill　to　be　held　yearly　at　the　Panathenaea；
and　he　himself；　being　chosen　judge；　arranged　the　order　and　method　in
which　the　competitors　should　sing　and　play　on　the　flute　and　on　the
harp。　And　both　at　that　time；　and　at　other　times　also；　they　sat　in　this
music…room　to　see　and　hear　all　such　trials　of　skill。
　　The　propylaea；　or　entrances　to　the　Acropolis；　were　finished　in
five　years'　time；　Mnesicles　being　the　principal　architect。　A　strange
accident　happened　in　the　course　of　building；　which　showed　that　t