the wars of the jews-第38节

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But　the　report　goes；　that　before　he　was　sent　for　by　Caesar；　he　seemed　to　see　nine　ears　of　corn；　full　and　large；　but　devoured　by　oxen。　When；　therefore；　he　had　sent　for　the　diviners；　and　some　of　the　Chaldeans；　and　inquired　of　them　what　they　thought　it　portended；　and　when　one　of　them　had　one　interpretation；　and　another　had　another；　Simon；　one　of　the　sect　of　Essens；　said　that　he　thought　the　ears　of　corn　denoted　years；　and　the　oxen　denoted　a　mutation　of　things；　because　by　their　ploughing　they　made　an　alteration　of　the　country。　That　therefore　he　should　reign　as　many　years　as　there　were　ears　of　corn；　and　after　he　had　passed　through　various　alterations　of　fortune；　should　die。　Now　five　days　after　Archelaus　had　heard　this　interpretation　he　was　called　to　his　trial。

4。　I　cannot　also　but　think　it　worthy　to　be　recorded　what　dream　Glaphyra；　the　daughter　of　Archelaus；　king　of　Cappadocia；　had；　who　had　at　first　been　wife　to　Alexander；　who　was　the　brother　of　Archelaus；　concerning　whom　we　have　been　discoursing。　This　Alexander　was　the　son　of　Herod　the　king；　by　whom　he　was　put　to　death；　as　we　have　already　related。　This　Glaphyra　was　married；　after　his　death；　to　Juba；　king　of　Libya；　and；　after　his　death；　was　returned　home；　and　lived　a　widow　with　her　father。　Then　it　was　that　Archelaus；　the　ethnarch；　saw　her；　and　fell　so　deeply　in　love　with　her；　that　he　divorced　Mariamne；　who　was　then　his　wife；　；and　married　her。　When；　therefore；　she　was　come　into　Judea；　and　had　been　there　for　a　little　while；　she　thought　she　saw　Alexander　stand　by　her；　and　that　he　said　to　her；　〃Thy　marriage　with　the　king　of　Libya　might　have　been　sufficient　for　thee；　but　thou　wast　not　contented　with　him；　but　art　returned　again　to　my　family；　to　a　third　husband；　and　him；　thou　impudent　woman；　hast　thou　chosen　for　thine　husband；　who　is　my　brother。　However；　I　shall　not　overlook　the　injury　thou　hast　offered　me；　I　shall　＇soon＇　have　thee　again；　whether　thou　wilt　or　no。〃　Now　Glaphyra　hardly　survived　the　narration　of　this　dream　of　hers　two　days。

CHAPTER　8。

Archelaus's　Ethnarchy　Is　Reduced　Into　A　＇Roman＇　Province。　The　Sedition　Of　Judas　Of　Galilee。　The　Three　Sects。

1。　And　now　Archelaus's　part　of　Judea　was　reduced　into　a　province；　and　Coponius；　one　of　the　equestrian　order　among　the　Romans；　was　sent　as　a　procurator；　having　the　power　of　＇life　and＇　death　put　into　his　hands　by　Caesar。　Under　his　administration　it　was　that　a　certain　Galilean；　whose　name　was　Judas；　prevailed　with　his　countrymen　to　revolt；　and　said　they　were　cowards　if　they　would　endure　to　pay　a　tax　to　the　Romans　and　would　after　God　submit　to　mortal　men　as　their　lords。　This　man　was　a　teacher　of　a　peculiar　sect　of　his　own；　and　was　not　at　all　like　the　rest　of　those　their　leaders。

2。　For　there　are　three　philosophical　sects　among　the　Jews。　The　followers　of　the　first　of　which　are　the　Pharisees；　of　the　second；　the　Sadducees；　and　the　third　sect；　which　pretends　to　a　severer　discipline；　are　called　Essens。　These　last　are　Jews　by　birth；　and　seem　to　have　a　greater　affection　for　one　another　than　the　other　sects　have。　These　Essens　reject　pleasures　as　an　evil；　but　esteem　continence；　and　the　conquest　over　our　passions；　to　be　virtue。　They　neglect　wedlock；　but　choose　out　other　persons　children；　while　they　are　pliable；　and　fit　for　learning；　and　esteem　them　to　be　of　their　kindred；　and　form　them　according　to　their　own　manners。　They　do　not　absolutely　deny　the　fitness　of　marriage；　and　the　succession　of　mankind　thereby　continued；　but　they　guard　against　the　lascivious　behavior　of　women；　and　are　persuaded　that　none　of　them　preserve　their　fidelity　to　one　man。

3。　These　men　are　despisers　of　riches；　and　so　very　communicative　as　raises　our　admiration。　Nor　is　there　any　one　to　be　found　among　them　who　hath　more　than　another；　for　it　is　a　law　among　them；　that　those　who　come　to　them　must　let　what　they　have　be　common　to　the　whole　order；　…　insomuch　that　among　them　all　there　is　no　appearance　of　poverty；　or　excess　of　riches；　but　every　one's　possessions　are　intermingled　with　every　other's　possessions；　and　so　there　is；　as　it　were；　one　patrimony　among　all　the　brethren。　They　think　that　oil　is　a　defilement；　and　if　any　one　of　them　be　anointed　without　his　own　approbation；　it　is　wiped　off　his　body；　for　they　think　to　be　sweaty　is　a　good　thing；　as　they　do　also　to　be　clothed　in　white　garments。　They　also　have　stewards　appointed　to　take　care　of　their　common　affairs；　who　every　one　of　them　have　no　separate　business　for　any；　but　what　is　for　the　uses　of　them　all。

4。　They　have　no　one　certain　city；　but　many　of　them　dwell　in　every　city；　and　if　any　of　their　sect　come　from　other　places；　what　they　have　lies　open　for　them；　just　as　if　it　were　their　own；　and　they　go　in　to　such　as　they　never　knew　before；　as　if　they　had　been　ever　so　long　acquainted　with　them。　For　which　reason　they　carry　nothing　at　all　with　them　when　they　travel　into　remote　parts；　though　still　they　take　their　weapons　with　them；　for　fear　of　thieves。　Accordingly；　there　is；　in　every　city　where　they　live；　one　appointed　particularly　to　take　care　of　strangers；　and　to　provide　garments　and　other　necessaries　for　them。　But　the　habit　and　management　of　their　bodies　is　such　as　children　use　who　are　in　fear　of　their　masters。　Nor　do　they　allow　of　the　change　of　or　of　shoes　till　be　first　torn　to　pieces；　or　worn　out　by　time。　Nor　do　they　either　buy　or　sell　any　thing　to　one　another；　but　every　one　of　them　gives　what　he　hath　to　him　that　wanteth　it；　and　receives　from　him　again　in　lieu　of　it　what　may　be　convenient　for　himself；　and　although　there　be　no　requital　made；　they　are　fully　allowed　to　take　what　they　want　of　whomsoever　they　please。

5。　And　as　for　their　piety　towards　God；　it　is　very　extraordinary；　for　before　sun…rising　they　speak　not　a　word　about　profane　matters；　but　put　up　certain　prayers　which　they　have　received　from　their　forefathers；　as　if　they　made　a　supplication　for　its　rising。　After　this　every　one　of　them　are　sent　away　by　their　curators；　to　exercise　some　of　those　arts　wherein　they　are　skilled；　in　which　they　labor　with　great　diligence　till　the　fifth　hour。　After　which　they　assemble　themselves　together　again　into　one　place；　and　when　they　have　clothed　themselves　in　white　veils；　they　then　bathe　their　bodies　in　cold　water。　And　after　this　purification　is　over；　they　every　one　meet　together　in　an　apartment　of　their　own；　into　which　it　is　not　permitted　to　any　of　another　sect　to　enter；　while　they　go；　after　a　pure　manner；　into　the　dining…room；　as　into　a　certain　holy　temple；　and　quietly　set　themselves　down；　upon　which　the　baker　lays　them　loaves　in　order；　the　cook　also　brings　a　single　plate　of　one　sort　of　food；　and　sets　it　before　every　one　of　them；　but　a　priest　says　grace　before　meat；　and　it　is　unlawful　for　any　one　to　taste　of　the　food　before　grace　be　said。　The　same　priest；　when　he　hath　dined；　says　grace　again　after　meat；　and　when　they　begin；　and　when　they　end；　they　praise　God；　as　he　that　bestows　their　food　upon　them；　after　which　they　lay　aside　their　＇white＇　garments；　and　betake　themselves　to　their　labors　again　till　the　evening；　then　they　return　home　to　supper；　after　the　same　manner；　and　if　there　be　any　strangers　there；　they　sit　down　with　them。　Nor　is　there　ever　any　clamor　or　disturbance　to　pollute　their　house；　but　they　give　every　one　leave　to　speak　in　their　turn；　which　silence　thus　kept　in　their　house　appears　to　foreigners　like　some　tremendous　mystery；　the　cause　of　which　is　that　perpetual　sobriety　they　exercise；　and　the　same　settled　measure　of　meat　and　drink　that　is　allotted　them；　and　that　such　as　is　abundantly　sufficient　for　them。

6。　And　truly；　as　for　other　things；　they　do　nothing　but　according　to　the　injunctions　of　their　curators；　only　these　two　things　are　done　among　them　at　everyone's　own　free…will；　which　are　to　assist　those　that　want　it；　and　to　show　mercy；　for　they　are　permitted　of　their　own　accord　to　afford　succor　to　such　as　deserve　it；　when　they　stand　in　need　of　it；　and　to　bestow　food　on　those　that　are　in　distress；　but　they　cannot　give　any　thing　to　their　kindred　without　the　curators。　They　dispense　their　anger　after　a　just　manner；　and　restrain　their　passion。　They　are　eminent　for　fidelity；　and　are　the　ministers　of　peace；　whatsoever　they　say　also　is　firmer　than　an　oath；　but　swearing　is　avoided　by　them；　and　they　esteem　it　worse　than　perjury　（4）　for　they　say　that　he　who　cannot　be　believed　without　＇swearing　by＇　God　is　already　condemned。　They　also　take　great　pains　in　studying　the　writings　of　the　ancients；　and　choose　out　of　them　what　is　most　for　the　advantage　of　their　soul　and　body；　and　they　inquire　after　such　roots　and　medicinal　stones　as　may　cure　their　distempers。

7。　But　now　if　any　one　hath　a　mind　to　come　over　to　their　sect；　he　is　not　immediately　admitted；　but　he　is　prescribed　the　same　method　of　living　which　they　use　for　a　year；　while　he　continues　excluded'；　and　they　give　him　also　a　small　hatchet；　and　the　fore…mentioned　girdle；　and　the　white　garment。　And　when　he　hath　given　evidence；　during　that　time；　that　he　can　observe　their　continence；　he　approaches　nearer　to　their　way　of　living；　and　is　made　a　partaker　of　the　waters　of　purification；　yet　is　he　not　even　now　admitted　to　live　with　them；　for　after　this　demonstration　of　his　fortitude；　his　temper　is　tried　two　more　years；　and　if　he　appear　to　be　worthy；　they　then　admit　him　into　their　society。　And　before　he　is