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on revenues(飽辺)-及6准

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expense。44АWhereas察if part were proceeded with and part stood over察the 

portion of revenue in hand will help to furnish what is necessary to go on 

with。 But to come now to what every one probably will regard as a really 

grave danger察lest the state may become possessed of an over large number 

of slaves察with the result that the works will be overstocked。 That again is 

an apprehension which we may escape if we are careful not to put into the 

works more hands from year to year than the works themselves demand。 

Thus45А  I   am   persuaded   that   the   easiest   method   of   carrying   out   this 

scheme察as a whole察is also the best。 If察however察you are persuaded that察

owing   to   the   extraordinary   property   taxes46А  to   which   you   have   been 

subjected   during   the   present   war察  you   will   not   be   equal   to   any   further 

contributions   at   present撮47А  what   you   should   do   is   this今48А  during   the 

current   year   resolve   to   carry   on   the   financial   administration   of   the   state 

within the limits of a sum equivalent to that which your dues49Аrealised 

before   the peace。 That done察  you   are at   liberty  to   take   any  surplus   sum察

whether   directly   traceable   to   the   peace   itself察  or   to   the   more   courteous 

treatment of our resident aliens and traders察or to the growth of the imports 

and   exports察  coincident   with   the   collecting   together   of   larger   masses   of 

human beings察or to an augmentation of harbour50Аand market dues此this 

surplus察I say察 however derived察you   should take and   invest51Аso as   to 

bring in the greatest revenue。52А

     40АOr察 sinking fund。; 

     41А    。athrooi;in      a  body。;     It  is  a  military    phrase察    I  think。   In 

close order察as it were察not in detachments。 

     42А According to our ability察─a favourite Socratic phrase。 

     43А 。authis。   See   for   this   corrupt   passage   Zurborg察   Comm。;   p。   31。 

He          would   insert察   and   a   little   delay   will   not   be   prejudicial   to   our 

interests察but rather the contrary察─or to that effect察thus此。kai                       authis 

an anutoimen ou gar toiaute te anabole blaben genesthai                             anАemin 

oiometha ;vel simile aliquid。; 

     44АOr察 it is we who must bear the whole burthen of the outlay。; 

     45А。outos察 so far察unless I am mistaken察the easiest method is the 

best。; 

     46А  Or察    heavy   contributions察      subscriptions      incidental   to察─  but   the 



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word eisphoras is technical。 For the exhaustion of the treasury                        see 

Dem。 ;Lept。; 464察Grote察 H。 G。;xi。 326。 

     47АOr察 you will not be able to subscribe a single penny more。; 

     48А。umeis de察you are masters of the situation。 It lies with you to 

carry on察etc。察。dioikeite is of course imperative。 

     49АOr察 taxes。; 

     50А Reading察 after   Zurborg察 。dia ta   ellimenia。  Or察 if   the vulg。   dia 

en limeni察transl。 ;an augmentation of market dues at Piraeus。; 

     51АI。e。 as fixed capital察or察 you should expend on plant。; 

     52АOr察adopting Zurborg's emend察。os an pleista eggignetai察transl。 

;for     the   purposes     of   the    present    scheme      as   far   as   it  may     be 

available。; 

     Again察 if   there   is   an   apprehension   on   the   part of   any  that   the   whole 

scheme53Аwill crumble into nothing on the first outbreak of war察I would 

only beg these alarmists to note that察under the condition of things which 

we  propose   to   bring   about察  war   will   have   more   terrors   for  the   attacking 

party than for this state。 Since what possession I should like to know can 

be more   serviceable   for   war   than   that of   men拭Think of   the   many  ships 

which   they   will   be   capable   of   manning   on   public   service。   Think   of   the 

number who will serve on land as infantry in the public serviceАand will 

bear hard upon the enemy。 Only we must treat them with courtesy。54АFor 

myself察my calculation is察that even in the event of war we shall be quite 

able to keep a firm hold of the silver mines。 I may take it察we have in the 

neighbourhood of the mines certain fortressesone on the southern slope 

in Anaphlystus撮55Аand we have another on the northern side in Thoricus察

the two being about seven and a half miles56Аapart。 Suppose then a third 

breastwork were to be placed between these察on the highest point of Besa察

that would enable the operatives to collect into one out of all the fortresses察

and at the first perception of a hostile movement it would only be a short 

distance     for  each   to  retire   into  safety。57А   In  the   event   of  an   enemy 

advancing in large numbers they might certainly make off with whatever 

corn or wine or cattle they found outside。 But even if they did get hold of 

the silver ore察it would be little better to them than a heap of stones。58А

But how is an enemy ever to march upon the mines in force拭The nearest 



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state察Megara察is distant察I take it察a good deal over sixty miles撮59Аand the 

next closest察Thebes察 a   good deal nearer seventy。60А Supposing   then   an 

enemy  to   advance   from  some   such   point   to   attack   the   mines察  he   cannot 

avoid passing Athens察and presuming his force to be small察we may expect 

him     to  be   annihilated     by   our    cavalry    and   frontier    police。61А    I  say察

presuming his force to be small察since to march with anything like a large 

force察and thereby leave his own territory denuded of troops察would be a 

startling   achievement。   Why察  the   fortified   city   of   Athens   will   be   much 

closer the states of the attacking parties than they themselves will be by 

the time they have got to the mines。 But察for the sake of argument察let us 

suppose an enemy to have arrived in the neighbourhood of Laurium察how 

is   he   going    to   stop   there  without   provisions拭  To       go  out   in   search   of 

supplies   with   a   detachment   of   his   force   would   imply   risk察  both   for   the 

foraging   party   and   for   those   who   have   to   do   the   fighting撮62А  whilst察  if 

they   are   driven   to   do   so   in   force   each   time察  they   may   call   themselves 

besiegers察but they will be practically in a state of siege themselves。 

     53АOr察 the proposed organisation。; 

     54АSee ch。 ii。 above。 

     55А  Or察  reading   en   te   pros   mesembrian   thalatte察   on   the   southern 

Sea。; For Anaphlystus see ;Hell。; I。 ii。 1察 Mem。; III。 v。 25。 It                           was 

Eubulus's deme察the leading statesman at this date。 

     56АLit。 ;60 stades。; 

     57А The   passage   sunekoi   t   an   erga察  etc。察  is   probably   corrupt。   Ta 

erga seems to mean ;the operatives察─cf。 Latin ;operae。; Others                           take 

it of ;the works themselves。; Possibly it may refer to                        military works 

connecting the three fortresses named。 ;There might                          be a system of 

converging   works   or   lines   drawn   to   a   single   point             from   all   the 

fortresses察and at the first sign of any thing                 hostile察─etc。 

     58АI。e。 ;they might as well try to carry off so many tons of stone。; 

     59АLit。 ;500 stades。; 

     60АLit。 ;more than 600 stades。; 

     61АThe peripoloi察or horse patrol to guard the frontier。 See Thuc。 

iv。    57察   viii。  92察   Arist。    ;Birds察ii。     76。   Young      Athenians       between 

eighteen and twenty were eligible for the service。 



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     62А  Or察   for   the   very   object   of   the   contest。;   The   construction   is   in 

any case unusual。 peri on agonizontai = peri touton oi。                           Zurborg 

suggests peri ton agonizomenon。 

     But it is not the income63Аderived from the slaves alone to which we 

look to help the state towards the effective maintenance of her citizens察but 

with   the   growth   and   concentration   of   a   thick   population   in   the   mining 

district various sources of revenue will accrue察whether from the market at 

Sunium察or from the various state buildings in connection with the silver 

mines察  from   furnaces   and   all   the   rest。   Since   we   must   expect   a   thickly 

populated   city   to   spring   up   here察  if   organised   in   th

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