the story of a pioneer-µÚ5½Ú
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ney£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡day¡¡after¡¡that¡¡we¡¡were¡¡able¡¡to¡¡cover
the¡¡distance¡¡demanded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡schedule¡¡arranged
before¡¡we¡¡started¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡meant¡¡that¡¡some¡¡sort¡¡of
shelter¡¡usually¡¡awaited¡¡us¡¡at¡¡night¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡one¡¡day
we¡¡knew¡¡there¡¡would¡¡be¡¡no¡¡houses¡¡between¡¡the¡¡place
we¡¡left¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡and¡¡that¡¡where¡¡we¡¡were¡¡to
sleep¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡distance¡¡was¡¡about¡¡twenty¡¡miles£»¡¡and
when¡¡twilight¡¡fell¡¡we¡¡had¡¡not¡¡made¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡back
of¡¡the¡¡wagon¡¡my¡¡mother¡¡had¡¡a¡¡box¡¡of¡¡little¡¡pigs£»
and¡¡during¡¡the¡¡afternoon¡¡these¡¡had¡¡broken¡¡loose¡¡and
escaped¡¡into¡¡the¡¡woods¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡had¡¡lost¡¡much¡¡time¡¡in
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we¡¡came¡¡to¡¡a¡¡hut¡¡made¡¡of¡¡twigs¡¡and¡¡boughs¡¡we¡¡de¡
cided¡¡to¡¡camp¡¡in¡¡it¡¡for¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡though¡¡we¡¡knew
nothing¡¡about¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡brother¡¡had¡¡unharnessed
the¡¡horses£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡mother¡¡and¡¡sister¡¡were¡¡cooking
dough¡goda¡¡mixture¡¡of¡¡flour£»¡¡water£»¡¡and¡¡soda£»
fried¡¡in¡¡a¡¡pan¡when¡¡two¡¡men¡¡rode¡¡up¡¡on¡¡horse¡
back¡¡and¡¡called¡¡my¡¡brother¡¡to¡¡one¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡Immedi¡
ately¡¡after¡¡the¡¡talk¡¡which¡¡followed¡¡James¡¡harnessed
his¡¡horses¡¡again¡¡and¡¡forced¡¡us¡¡to¡¡go¡¡on£»¡¡though¡¡by
that¡¡time¡¡darkness¡¡had¡¡fallen¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡told¡¡mother£»¡¡but
did¡¡not¡¡tell¡¡us¡¡children¡¡until¡¡long¡¡afterward£»¡¡that¡¡a
man¡¡had¡¡been¡¡murdered¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hut¡¡only¡¡the¡¡night
before¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡murderer¡¡was¡¡still¡¡at¡¡large¡¡in¡¡the¡¡woods£»
and¡¡the¡¡new¡comers¡¡were¡¡members¡¡of¡¡a¡¡posse¡¡who
were¡¡searching¡¡for¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡brother¡¡needed¡¡no
urging¡¡to¡¡put¡¡as¡¡many¡¡miles¡¡as¡¡he¡¡could¡¡between
us¡¡and¡¡the¡¡sinister¡¡spot¡£
In¡¡that¡¡fashion¡¡we¡¡made¡¡our¡¡way¡¡to¡¡our¡¡new¡¡home¡£¡¡
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miles£»¡¡but¡¡we¡¡spent¡¡the¡¡night¡¡in¡¡a¡¡house¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡never
forget¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡beautifully¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡our¡¡eve¡
ning¡¡meal¡¡its¡¡mistress¡¡brought¡¡out¡¡loaves¡¡of¡¡bread
which¡¡were¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡we¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡seen¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡cut
great¡¡slices¡¡of¡¡this¡¡bread¡¡for¡¡us¡¡and¡¡spread¡¡maple
sugar¡¡on¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡us¡¡that¡¡never¡¡be¡
fore¡¡had¡¡anything¡¡tasted¡¡so¡¡good¡£
The¡¡next¡¡morning¡¡we¡¡made¡¡the¡¡last¡¡stage¡¡of¡¡our
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our¡¡new¡¡home¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡all¡¡had¡¡an¡¡idea¡¡that¡¡we¡¡were
going¡¡to¡¡a¡¡farm£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡expected¡¡some¡¡resemblance
at¡¡least¡¡to¡¡the¡¡prosperous¡¡farms¡¡we¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡New
England¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡mother's¡¡mental¡¡picture¡¡was£»¡¡natu¡
rally£»¡¡of¡¡an¡¡English¡¡farm¡£¡¡¡¡Possibly¡¡she¡¡had¡¡visions
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and¡¡windows¡¡represented¡¡by¡¡square¡¡holes£»¡¡its¡¡floor
also¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future£»¡¡its¡¡whole¡¡effect¡¡achingly
forlorn¡¡and¡¡desolate¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡late¡¡in¡¡the¡¡afternoon
when¡¡we¡¡drove¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡opening¡¡that¡¡was¡¡its¡¡front
entrance£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡never¡¡forget¡¡the¡¡look¡¡my
mother¡¡turned¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡Without¡¡a¡¡word
she¡¡crossed¡¡its¡¡threshold£»¡¡and£»¡¡standing¡¡very¡¡still£»
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that¡¡this¡¡was¡¡really¡¡the¡¡place¡¡father¡¡had¡¡prepared
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finally¡¡took¡¡it¡¡in¡¡she¡¡buried¡¡her¡¡face¡¡in¡¡her¡¡hands£»
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her¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡stood¡¡around¡¡her¡¡in¡¡a¡¡frightened¡¡group£»
talking¡¡to¡¡one¡¡another¡¡in¡¡whispers¡£¡¡¡¡Our¡¡little¡¡world
had¡¡crumbled¡¡under¡¡our¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡Never¡¡before¡¡had
we¡¡seen¡¡our¡¡mother¡¡give¡¡way¡¡to¡¡despair¡£
Night¡¡began¡¡to¡¡fall¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡woods¡¡became¡¡alive
with¡¡night¡¡creatures£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡harmless¡¡made
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we¡¡heard¡¡the¡¡wildcat£»¡¡whose¡¡crya¡¡screech¡¡like
that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡lost¡¡and¡¡panic¡stricken¡¡childis¡¡one¡¡of
the¡¡most¡¡appalling¡¡sounds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡forest¡£¡¡¡¡Later¡¡the
wolves¡¡added¡¡their¡¡howls¡¡to¡¡the¡¡uproar£»¡¡but¡¡though
darkness¡¡came¡¡and¡¡we¡¡children¡¡whimpered¡¡around
her£»¡¡our¡¡mother¡¡still¡¡sat¡¡in¡¡her¡¡strange¡¡lethargy¡£
At¡¡last¡¡my¡¡brother¡¡brought¡¡the¡¡horses¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the
cabin¡¡and¡¡built¡¡fires¡¡to¡¡protect¡¡them¡¡and¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡He
was¡¡only¡¡twenty£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡showed¡¡himself¡¡a¡¡man¡¡dur¡
ing¡¡those¡¡early¡¡pioneer¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡While¡¡he¡¡was¡¡picketing
the¡¡horses¡¡and¡¡building¡¡his¡¡protecting¡¡fires¡¡my
mother¡¡came¡¡to¡¡herself£»¡¡but¡¡her¡¡face¡¡when¡¡she
raised¡¡it¡¡was¡¡worse¡¡than¡¡her¡¡silence¡¡had¡¡been¡£¡¡¡¡She
seemed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡died¡¡and¡¡to¡¡have¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡us
from¡¡the¡¡grave£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sure¡¡she¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡she¡¡had
done¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡From¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡she¡¡took¡¡up¡¡again¡¡the
burden¡¡of¡¡her¡¡life£»¡¡a¡¡burden¡¡she¡¡did¡¡not¡¡lay¡¡down
until¡¡she¡¡passed¡¡away£»¡¡but¡¡her¡¡face¡¡never¡¡lost¡¡the
deep¡¡lines¡¡those¡¡first¡¡hours¡¡of¡¡her¡¡pioneer¡¡life¡¡had
cut¡¡upon¡¡it¡£
That¡¡night¡¡we¡¡slept¡¡on¡¡boughs¡¡spread¡¡on¡¡the¡¡earth
inside¡¡the¡¡cabin¡¡walls£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡put¡¡blankets¡¡before
the¡¡holes¡¡which¡¡represented¡¡our¡¡doors¡¡and¡¡windows£»
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children¡¡fell¡¡asleep£»¡¡but¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡sleep¡¡for¡¡me¡£¡¡
I¡¡was¡¡only¡¡twelve¡¡years¡¡old£»¡¡but¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡was¡¡full¡¡of
fancies¡£¡¡¡¡Behind¡¡our¡¡blankets£»¡¡swaying¡¡in¡¡the¡¡night
wind£»¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡heads¡¡and¡¡pushing¡¡shoul¡
ders¡¡of¡¡animals¡¡and¡¡heard¡¡their¡¡padded¡¡footfalls¡£¡¡
Later¡¡years¡¡brought¡¡familiarity¡¡with¡¡wild¡¡things£»
and¡¡with¡¡worse¡¡things¡¡than¡¡they¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡to¡night¡¡that
which¡¡I¡¡most¡¡feared¡¡was¡¡within£»¡¡not¡¡outside¡¡of£»¡¡the
cabin¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡some¡¡way¡¡which¡¡I¡¡did¡¡not¡¡understand
the¡¡one¡¡sure¡¡refuge¡¡in¡¡our¡¡new¡¡world¡¡had¡¡been¡¡taken
from¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡hardly¡¡knew¡¡the¡¡silent¡¡woman¡¡who¡¡lay
near¡¡me£»¡¡tossing¡¡from¡¡side¡¡to¡¡side¡¡and¡¡staring¡¡into
the¡¡darkness£»¡¡I¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡we¡¡had¡¡lost¡¡our¡¡mother¡£
II
IN¡¡THE¡¡WILDERNESS
Like¡¡most¡¡men£»¡¡my¡¡dear¡¡father¡¡should¡¡never
have¡¡married¡£¡¡¡¡Though¡¡his¡¡nature¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of
the¡¡sweetest¡¡I¡¡have¡¡ever¡¡known£»¡¡and¡¡though¡¡he¡¡would
at¡¡any¡¡call¡¡give¡¡his¡¡time¡¡to¡¡or¡¡risk¡¡his¡¡life¡¡for¡¡others£»
in¡¡practical¡¡matters¡¡he¡¡remained¡¡to¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡his
days¡¡as¡¡irresponsible¡¡as¡¡a¡¡child¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡his¡¡mind¡¡turned
to¡¡practical¡¡details¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡solely¡¡in¡¡their¡¡bear¡
ing¡¡toward¡¡great¡¡developments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡£¡¡¡¡To
him¡¡an¡¡acorn¡¡was¡¡not¡¡an¡¡acorn£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡forest¡¡of¡¡young
oaks¡£
Thus£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡took¡¡up¡¡his¡¡claim¡¡of¡¡three¡¡hundred
and¡¡sixty¡¡acres¡¡of¡¡land¡¡in¡¡the¡¡wilderness¡¡of¡¡northern
Michigan£»¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡my¡¡mother¡¡and¡¡five¡¡young¡¡chil¡
dren¡¡to¡¡live¡¡there¡¡alone¡¡until¡¡he¡¡could¡¡join¡¡us¡¡eighteen
months¡¡later£»¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡no¡¡thought¡¡to¡¡the¡¡manner¡¡in
which¡¡we¡¡were¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡struggle¡¡and¡¡survive
the¡¡hardships¡¡before¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡furnished¡¡us¡¡with
land¡¡and¡¡the¡¡four¡¡walls¡¡of¡¡a¡¡log¡¡cabin¡£¡¡¡¡Some¡¡day£»
he¡¡reasoned£»¡¡the¡¡place¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡fine¡¡estate£»¡¡which
his¡¡sons¡¡would¡¡inherit¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡time¡¡pass
on¡¡to¡¡their¡¡sonsalways¡¡an¡¡Englishman's¡¡most¡¡iri¡
descent¡¡dream¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡for¡¡the¡¡present¡¡we¡¡were¡¡one
hundred¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡a¡¡railroad£»¡¡forty¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡the
nearest¡¡post¡office£»¡¡and¡¡half¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡any
neighbors¡¡save¡¡Indians£»¡¡wolves£»¡¡and¡¡wildcats£»¡¡that
we¡¡were¡¡wholly¡¡unlearned¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ways¡¡of¡¡the¡¡woods
as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡most¡¡primitive¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡farming£»
that¡¡we¡¡lacked¡¡not¡¡only¡¡every¡¡comfort£»¡¡but¡¡even
the¡¡bare¡¡necessities¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡we¡¡must¡¡begin£»
single¡handed¡¡and¡¡untaught£»¡¡a¡¡struggle¡¡for¡¡existence
in¡¡which¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡severest¡¡forces¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡would
be¡¡arrayed¡¡against¡¡usthese¡¡facts¡¡had¡¡no¡¡weight
in¡¡my¡¡father's¡¡mind¡£¡¡¡¡Even¡¡if¡¡he¡¡had¡¡witnessed¡¡my
mother's¡¡despair¡¡on¡¡the¡¡night¡¡of¡¡our¡¡arrival¡¡in¡¡our
new¡¡home£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡have¡¡understood¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡From
his¡¡viewpoint£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡doing¡¡a¡¡man's¡¡duty¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was
working¡¡steadily¡¡in¡¡Lawrence£»¡¡and£»¡¡incidentally£»
giving¡¡much¡¡time¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Abolition¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡to
other¡¡big¡¡public¡¡movements¡¡of¡¡his¡¡day¡¡which¡¡had
his¡¡interest¡¡and¡¡sympathy¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡wrote¡¡to¡¡us¡¡regu¡
larly¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡us¡¡occasional¡¡remittances£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as
a¡¡generous¡¡supply¡¡of¡¡improving¡¡literature¡¡for¡¡our
minds¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡remained¡¡for¡¡us¡¡to¡¡strengthen¡¡our¡¡bodies£»
to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡in¡¡which¡¡he¡¡had¡¡placed¡¡us£»
and¡¡to¡¡survive¡¡if¡¡we¡¡could¡£
We¡¡faced¡¡our¡¡situation¡¡with¡¡clear¡¡and¡¡unalarmed
eyes¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡after¡¡our¡¡arrival¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡problem
of¡¡food£»¡¡we¡¡knew£»¡¡was¡¡at¡¡least¡¡temporarily¡¡solved¡£¡¡
We¡¡had¡¡brought¡¡with¡¡us¡¡enough¡¡coffee£»¡¡pork£»¡¡and
flour¡¡to¡¡last¡¡for¡¡several¡¡weeks£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡one¡¡necessity
father¡¡had¡¡put¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡cabin¡¡walls¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great
fireplace£»¡¡made¡¡of¡¡mud¡¡and¡¡stones£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡our¡¡food
could¡¡be¡¡cooked¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡our¡¡water¡supply
was¡¡less¡¡simple£»¡¡but¡¡my¡¡brother¡¡James¡¡solved¡¡it¡¡for
the¡¡time¡¡by¡¡showing¡¡us¡¡a¡¡creek¡¡a¡¡long¡¡distance¡¡from
the¡¡house£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡months¡¡we¡¡carried¡¡from¡¡this
creek£»¡¡in¡¡pails£»¡¡every¡¡drop¡¡of¡¡water¡¡we¡¡used£»¡¡save
that¡¡which¡¡we¡¡caught¡¡in¡¡troughs¡¡when¡¡the¡¡rain¡¡fell¡£
We¡¡held¡¡a¡¡family¡¡council¡¡after¡¡breakfast£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡this£»¡¡
though¡¡I¡¡was¡¡only¡¡twelve£»¡¡I¡¡took¡¡an¡¡eager¡¡and¡¡determined¡¡
part¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡loved¡¡workit¡¡has¡¡always¡¡been¡¡my¡¡favorite¡¡form¡¡
of¡¡recreationand¡¡my¡¡spirit¡¡rose¡¡to¡¡the¡¡opportunities¡¡of¡¡it¡¡
which¡¡smiled¡¡on¡¡us¡¡from¡¡every¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡Obviously¡¡the¡¡first¡¡
thing¡¡to¡¡do¡¡was¡¡to¡¡put¡¡doors¡¡and¡¡windows¡¡into¡¡the¡¡
yawning¡¡holes¡¡father¡¡had¡¡left¡¡for¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡a¡¡board¡¡
flooring¡¡over¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡inside¡¡our¡¡ca