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Cyrus W。 Field of New York。  Messages were sent over it for a few

weeks; then it ceased to act。  A permanent cable was laid by Mr。

Field in 1866。



'65'

Dr。 Wallich (1786…1854): a Danish botanist and member of the Royal

Society。



'66'

Mr。 Sorby: President of the Geological Society of England; and

author of many papers on subjects connected with physical

geography。



'67'

Sir Charles Lyell (1797…1875): a British geologist; and one of the

first to uphold Darwin's Origin of Species。



'68'

Echinus: the sea…urchin; an animal which dwells in a spheroidal

shell built up from polygonal plates; and covered with sharp

spines。



'69'

Somme: a river of northern France which flows into the English

Channel northeast of Dieppe。



'70'

the chipped flints of Hoxne and Amiens: the rude instruments which

were made by primitive man were of chipped flint。  Numerous

discoveries of large flint implements have been made in the north

of France; near Amiens; and in England。  The first noted flint

implements were discovered in Hoxne; Suffolk; England; 1797。  Cf。

Evans' Ancient Stone Implements and Lyell's Antiquity of Man。



'71'

Rev。 Mr。 Gunn (1800…1881): an English naturalist。  Mr。 Gunn sent

from Tasmania a large number of plants and animals now in the

British Museum。



'72'

〃the whirligig of time〃: cf。 Shakespeare; Twelfth Night; Act V; se。

I; l。 395。



'73'

Euphrates and Hiddekel: cf。 Genesis ii; 14。



'74'

the great river; the river of Babylon: cf。 Genesis xv; 18



'75'

Without haste; but without rest: from Goethe's Zahme Xenien。  In a

letter to his sister; Huxley says: 〃And then perhaps by the

following of my favorite motto;



〃'Wie das Gestirn;

Ohne Hast;

Ohne Rast'



something may be done; and some of Sister Lizzie's fond

imaginations turn out not altogether untrue。〃  The quotation entire

is as follows:



Wie das Gestirn;

Ohne Hast;

Aber ohne Rast;

Drehe sich jeder

Um die eigne Last。







THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF EDUCATION (1882)





'76'

The Principal Subjects of Education: an extract from the essay;

Science and Art in Relation to Education。



'77'

this discussion: 〃this〃 refers to the last sentence in the

preceding paragraph; in which Huxley says that it will be

impossible to determine the amount of time to be given to the

principal subjects of education until it is determined 〃what the

principal subjects of education ought to be。〃



'78'

Francis Bacon: cf。 note '26'。



'79'

the best chance of being happy: In connection with Huxley's work on

the London School Board; his biographer says that Huxley did not

regard 〃intellectual training only from the utilitarian point of

view; he insisted; e。 g。; on the value of reading for amusement as

one of the most valuable uses to hardworked people。〃



'80'

〃Harmony in grey〃: cf。 with l。 34 in Browning's Andrea del Sarto。



'81'

Hobbes (1588…1679): noted for his views of human nature and of

politics。  According to Minto; 〃The merits ascribed to his style

are brevity; simplicity and precision。〃



'82'

Bishop Berkeley (1685…1753): an Irish prelate noted for his

philosophical writings and especially for his theory of vision

which was the foundation for modern investigations of the subject。

〃His style has always been esteemed admirable; simple; felicitous

and sweetly melodious。  His dialogues are sustained with great

skill。〃  Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature。



'83'

We have been recently furnished with in prose: The Iliad of Homer

translated by Lang; Leaf and Myers; the first edition of which

appeared in 1882; is probably the one to which Huxley refers。  The

Odyssey; translated by Butcher and Lang; appeared in 1879。  Among

the best of the more recent translations of Homer are the Odyssey

by George Herbert Palmer; the Iliad by Arthur S。 Way; and the

Odyssey by the same author。



'84'

Locke (1632…1704): an English philosopher of great influence。  His

chief work is An Essay Concerning Human Understanding。



'85'

Franciscus Bacon sic cogitavit: thus Francis Bacon thought。







THE METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION (1863)





'86'

The Method of Scientific Investigation is an extract from the third

of six lectures given to workingmen on The Causes of the Phenomena

of Organic Nature in Darwiniana。



'87'

these terrible apparatus: apparatus is the form for both the

singular and plural; apparatuses is another form for the plural。



'88'

Incident in one of Moliere's plays: the allusion is to the hero;

M。 Jourdain in the play; 〃La Bourgeois Gentilbomme。〃



'89'

these kind: modern writers regard kind as singular。  Shakespeare

treated it as a plural noun; as 〃These kind of knaves I knew。〃



'90'

Newton: cf。 '30'。



'91'

Laplace (1749…1827): a celebrated French astronomer and

mathematician。  He is best known for his theory of the formation of

the planetary systems; the so…called 〃nebular hypothesis。〃  Until

recently this hypothesis has generally been accepted in its main

outlines。  It is now being supplanted by the 〃Spiral Nebular

Hypothesis〃 developed by Professors Moulton and Chamberlin of the

University of Chicago。  See Moulton's Introduction to Astronomy; p。

463。







ON THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIFE (1868)





'92'

On the Physical Basis of Life: from Methods and Results; also

published in Lay Sermons; Addresses and Reviews。  〃The substance of

this paper was contained in a discourse which was delivered in

Edinburgh on the evening of Sunday; the 8th of November; 1868

being the first of a series of Sunday evening addresses upon non…

theological topics; instituted by the Rev。 J。 Cranbrook。  Some

phrases; which could possess only a transitory and local interest;

have been omitted; instead of the newspaper report of the

Archbishop of York's address; his Grace's subsequently published

pamphlet On the Limits of Philosophical inquiry is quoted; and I

have; here and there; endeavoured to express my meaning more fully

and clearly than I seem to have done in speakingif I may judge by

sundry criticisms upon what I am supposed to have said; which have

appeared。  But in substance; and; so far as my recollection serves;

in form; what is here written corresponds with what was there

said。〃Huxley。



'93'

Finner whale: a name given to a whale which has a dorsal fin。  A

Finner whale commonly measures from 60 to 90 feet in length。



'94'

A fortiori: with stronger reason: still more conclusively。



'95'

well…known epigram: from Goethe's Venetianische Epigramme。  The

following is a translation of the passage: Why do the people push

each other and shout?  They want to work for their living; bring

forth children; and feed them as well as they possibly can。 。 。 。

No man can attain to more; however much he may pretend to the

contrary。



'96'

Maelstroms: a celebrated whirlpool or violent current in the Arctic

Ocean; near the western coast of Norway; between the islands of

Moskenaso and Mosken; formerly supposed to suck in and destroy

everything that approached it at any time; but now known not to be

dangerous except under certain conditions。  Century Dictionary。

Cf。 also Poe's Descent into the Maelstrom。



'97'

Milne…Edwards (1800…1885): a French naturalist。  His Elements de

Zoologie won him a great reputation。



'98'

with such qualifications as arises: a typographical error。



'99'

De Bary (1831…1888): a German botanist noted especially for his

researches in cryptogamic botany。



'100'

No Man's Land: Huxley probably intends no specific geographical

reference。  The expression is common as a designation of some

remote and unfrequented locality。



'101'

Kuhne (1837…1900): a German physiologist and professor of science

at Amsterdam and Heidelberg。



'102'

Debemur morti nos nostraque: HoraceArs Poetica; line 63。



As forests change their foliage year by year;

Leaves; that come first; first tall and disappear;

So antique words die out; and in their room;

Others spring up; of vigorous growth and bloom;

Ourselves and all that's ours; to death are due;

And why should words not be mortal too?



Martin's translation。



'103'

peau de chagrin: skin of a wild ass。



'104'

Balzac (1799…1850): a celebrated French novelist of the realistic

school of fiction。



'105'

Barmecide feast: the allusion is to a story in the Arabian Nights

in which a member of the Barmecide family places a succession of

empty dishes before a beggar; pretending that they contain a rich

repast。



'106'

modus operandi: method of working。



'107'

Martinus Scriblerus: a reference to Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus

written principally by John Arbuthnot; and published in 1741。  The

purpose of the papers is given by Warburton and Spence in the

following extracts quoted from the Preface to th

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