the zincali-第62节
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
slaves from Algiers; Tunis; and Tetuan; added to its motley variety
of words from the relics of the broken Arabic and Turkish; which
they had acquired during their captivity。 The greater part of the
Germania; however; remained strictly metaphorical; and we are aware
of no better means of conveying an idea of the principle on which
it is formed; than by quoting from the first romance of Hidalgo;
where particular mention is made of this jargon:…
'A la cama llama Blanda
Donde Sornan en poblado
A la Fresada Vellosa;
Que mucho vello ha criado。
Dice a la sabana Alba
Porque es alba en sumo grado;
A la camisa Carona;
Al jubon llama apretado:
Dice al Sayo Tapador
Porque le lleva tapado。
Llama a los zapatos Duros;
Que las piedras van pisando。
A la capa llama nuve;
Dice al Sombrero Texado。
Respeto llama a la Espada;
Que por ella es respetado;' etc。 etc。
HIDALGO; p。 22…3。
After these few remarks on the ancient Germania of Spain; we now
proceed to the modern; which differs considerably from the former。
The principal cause of this difference is to be attributed to the
adoption by the Spanish outlaws; in latter years; of a considerable
number of words belonging to; or modified from; the Rommany; or
language of the Gitanos。 The Gitanos of Spain; during the last
half…century; having; in a great degree; abandoned the wandering
habit of life which once constituted one of their most remarkable
peculiarities; and residing; at present; more in the cities than in
the fields; have come into closer contact with the great body of
the Spanish nation than was in former days their practice。 From
their living thus in towns; their language has not only undergone
much corruption; but has become; to a slight degree; known to the
dregs of society; amongst whom they reside。 The thieves' dialect
of the present day exhibits; therefore; less of the allegorical
language preserved in the pages of Hidalgo than of the Gypsy
tongue。 It must be remarked; however; that it is very scanty; and
that the whole robber phraseology at present used in Spain barely
amounts to two hundred words; which are utterly insufficient to
express the very limited ideas of the outcasts who avail themselves
of it。
Concerning the Germania of France; or 'Argot;' as it is called; it
is unnecessary to make many observations; as what has been said of
the language of Hidalgo and the Red Italian is almost in every
respect applicable to it。 As early as the middle of the sixteenth
century a vocabulary of this jargon was published under the title
of LANGUE DES ESCROCS; at Paris。 Those who wish to study it as it
at present exists can do no better than consult LES MEMOIRES DE
VIDOCQ; where a multitude of words in Argot are to be found; and
also several songs; the subjects of which are thievish adventures。
The first vocabulary of the 'Cant Language;' or English Germania;
appeared in the year 1680; appended to the life of THE ENGLISH
ROGUE; a work which; in many respects; resembles the HISTORY OF
GUZMAN D'ALFARACHE; though it is written with considerably more
genius than the Spanish novel; every chapter abounding with
remarkable adventures of the robber whose life it pretends to
narrate; and which are described with a kind of ferocious energy;
which; if it do not charm the attention of the reader; at least
enslaves it; holding it captive with a chain of iron。 Amongst his
other adventures; the hero falls in with a Gypsy encampment; is
enrolled amongst the fraternity; and is allotted a 'mort;' or
concubine; a barbarous festival ensues; at the conclusion of which
an epithalamium is sung in the Gypsy language; as it is called in
the work in question。 Neither the epithalamium; however; nor the
vocabulary; are written in the language of the English Gypsies; but
in the 'Cant;' or allegorical robber dialect; which is sufficient
proof that the writer; however well acquainted with thieves in
general; their customs and manners of life; was in respect to the
Gypsies profoundly ignorant。 His vocabulary; however; has been
always accepted as the speech of the English Gypsies; whereas it is
at most entitled to be considered as the peculiar speech of the
thieves and vagabonds of his time。 The cant of the present day;
which; though it differs in some respects from the vocabulary
already mentioned; is radically the same; is used not only by the
thieves in town and country; but by the jockeys of the racecourse
and the pugilists of the 'ring。' As a specimen of the cant of
England; we shall take the liberty of quoting the epithalamium to
which we have above alluded:…
'Bing out; bien morts; and tour and tour
Bing out; bien morts and tour;
For all your duds are bing'd awast;
The bien cove hath the loure。 (78)
'I met a dell; I viewed her well;
She was benship to my watch:
So she and I did stall and cloy
Whatever we could catch。
'This doxy dell can cut ben whids;
And wap well for a win;
And prig and cloy so benshiply;
All daisy…ville within。
'The hoyle was up; we had good luck;
In frost for and in snow;
Men they did seek; then we did creep
And plant the roughman's low。'
It is scarcely necessary to say anything more upon the Germania in
general or in particular; we believe that we have achieved the task
which we marked out for ourselves; and have conveyed to our readers
a clear and distinct idea of what it is。 We have shown that it has
been erroneously confounded with the Rommany; or Gitano language;
with which it has nevertheless some points of similarity。 The two
languages are; at the present day; used for the same purpose;
namely; to enable habitual breakers of the law to carry on their
consultations with more secrecy and privacy than by the ordinary
means。 Yet it must not be forgotten that the thieves' jargon was
invented for that purpose; whilst the Rommany; originally the
proper and only speech of a particular nation; has been preserved
from falling into entire disuse and oblivion; because adapted to
answer the same end。 It was impossible to treat of the Rommany in
a manner calculated to exhaust the subject; and to leave no ground
for future cavilling; without devoting a considerable space to the
consideration of the robber dialect; on which account we hope we
shall be excused many of the dry details which we have introduced
into the present essay。 There is a link of connection between the
history of the Roma; or wanderers from Hindustan; who first made
their appearance in Europe at the commencement of the fifteenth
century; and that of modern roguery。 Many of the arts which the
Gypsies proudly call their own; and which were perhaps at one
period peculiar to them; have become divulged; and are now
practised by the thievish gentry who infest the various European
states; a result which; we may assert with confidence; was brought
about by the alliance of the Gypsies being eagerly sought on their
first arrival by the thieves; who; at one period; were less skilful
than the former in the ways of deceit and plunder; which kind of
association continued and held good until the thieves had acquired
all they wished to learn; when they left the Gypsies in the fields
and plains; so dear to them from their vagabond and nomad habits;
and returned to the towns and cities。 Yet from this temporary
association were produced two results; European fraud became
sharpened by coming into contact with Asiatic craft; whilst
European tongues; by imperceptible degrees; became recruited with
various words (some of them wonderfully expressive); many of which
have long been stumbling…stocks to the philologist; who; whilst
stigmatising them as words of mere vulgar invention; or of unknown
origin; has been far from dreaming that by a little more research
he might have traced them to the Sclavonic; Persian; or Romaic; or
perhaps to the mysterious object of his veneration; the Sanscrit;
the sacred tongue of the palm…covered regions of Ind; words
originally introduced into Europe by objects too miserable to
occupy for a moment his lettered attention … the despised denizens
of the tents of Roma。
ON THE TERM 'BUSNO'
Those who have done me the honour to peruse this strange wandering
book of mine; must frequently have noticed the word 'Busno;' a term
bestowed by the Spanish Gypsy on his good friend the Spaniard。 As
the present will probably be the last occasion which I shall have
to speak of the Gitanos or anyt