the origins of contemporary france-1-第123节

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having　granted　a　charter；　renounced　this　right　of　real　and　personal

taille　for　a　right　of　bourgeoisie；　still　maintained；　（see　further　on）。



5。　　Right　to　unclaimed　property；　cattle；　furniture；　effects；　stray

swarms　of　bees；　treasure…trove；　（no　profits　from　this　for　twenty　years

past）。



6。　　Right　to　property　of　deceased　persons　without　heirs；　to　that　of

deceased　bastards；　the　possessions　of　condemned　criminals　either　to

death；　to　the　galleys　or　to　exile；　etc。；　（no　profit）。



7。　　Right　of　the　chase　and　of　fishing；　the　latter　worth　fifteen

livres　per　annum。



8。　　Right　of　bourgeoisie　（see　article　4）；　according　to　the　charter

of　1255；　and　the　court…roll　of　1484。　　The　wealthiest　pay　annually

twelve　bushels　of　oats　at　forty　livres　and　twelve　deniers　parasis；　the

less　wealthy　nine　bushels　and　nine　deniers；　all　others　six　bushels　and

six　deniers。　　〃These　rights　of　bourgeoisie　are　well　established；　set

forth　in　all　court…rolls　and　acknowledgments　rendered　to　the　king　and

perpetuated　by　numerous　admissions　the　motives　that　have　led　former

stewards　and　fermiers　to　interrupt　the　collection　of　these　cannot　be

divined。　　Many　of　the　seigniors　in　Bourbonnais　have　the　benefit　of　and

exact　these　taxes　of　their　vassals　by　virtue　of　titles　much　more　open

to　question　than　those　of　the　seigniors　of　Blet。〃



9。　　Rights　of　protection　of　the　chateau　of　Blet。　　The　royal　edict　of

1497；　fixing　this　charge　for　the　inhabitants　of　Blet　and　all　those

dwelling　within　the　jurisdiction　of　its　tribunals；　those　of　Charly；

Boismarvier；　etc。；　at　five　sous　per　fire　per　annum；　which　has　been

carried　out。　　〃Only　lately　has　the　collection　of　this　been　suspended；

notwithstanding　its　recognition　at　no　late　date；　the　inhabitants　all

admitting　themselves　to　be　subject　to　the　said　guet　et　garde　of　the

chateau。



10。　　Right　of　toll　on　all　merchandise　and　provisions　passing　through

the　town　of　Blet；　except　grain；　flour　and　vegetables。　　（A　trial　pending

before　the　Council　of　State　since　1727　and　not　terminated　in　1745；

〃the　collection　thereof；　meanwhile；　being　suspended〃）。



11。　　Right　of　potage　on　wines　sold　at　retail　in　Blet；　ensuring　to

the　seignior　nine　pints　of　wine　per　cask；　leased　in　1782　for　six

years；　at　sixty　livres　per　annum。



12。　　Right　of　boucherie　or　of　taking　the　tongues　of　all　animals

slaughtered　in　the　town；　with；　additionally；　the　heads　and　feet　of　all

calves。　　No　slaughter…house　at　Blet；　and　yet　〃during　the　harvesting　of

each　year　about　twelve　head　of　cattle　are　slaughtered。〃　This　tax　is

collected　by　the　steward　and　is　valued　at　three　livres　per　annum。



13。　　Right　of　fairs　and　markets；　aunage；　weight　and　measures。　　Five

fairs　per　annum　and　one　market…day　each　week；　but　little　frequented；

no　grain…market。　　This　right　is　valued　at　twenty…four　livres　per　annum。



14。　　Corvées　of　teams　and　manual　labor；　through　seigniorial　right；

on　ninety…seven　persons　at　Blet　（twenty…two　carvées　of　teams　and

seventy…five　of　manual　labor）；　twenty…six　persons　at　Brosses　（five

teams　and　twenty…one　hands）。　　The　seignior　pays　six　sous　for　food；　each

corvée；　on　men；　and　twelve　sous　on　each　corvee　of　four　oxen。　　〃Among

those　subject　to　this　corvée　the　larger　number　are　reduced　almost　to

beggary　and　have　large　families；　which　often　induces　the　seignior　not

to　exact　this　right　rigorously。〃　The　reduced　value　of　the　corvées　is

forty…nine　livres　fifteen　sols。



15。　　Benalité　（socome）；　of　the　mill；　（a　sentence　of　1736　condemning

Roy；　a　laborer；　to　have　his　grain　ground　in　the　mill　of　Blet；　and　to

pay　a　fine　for　having　ceased　to　have　grain　ground　there　during　three

years）。　　The　miller　reserves　a　sixteenth　of　the　flour　ground。　　The

district…mill；　as　well　as　the　windmill；　with　six　arpents　adjoining；

are　leased　at　600　livres　per　annum。



16。　　Banalité　of　the　oven。　　Agreement　of　1537　between　the　seignior

and　his　vassals：　he　allows　them　the　privilege　of　a　small　oven　in　their

domicile　of　three　squares；　six　inches　each；　to　bake　pies；　biscuits　and

cakes；　in　other　respects　subject　to　the　district　oven。　　He　is　entitled

to　one…sixteenth　of　the　dough；　this　right　might　produce　150　livres

annually；　but；　for　several　years；　the　oven　has　been　dilapidated。



17。　　Right　of　the　colombier；　dove…cot。　　The　chateau　park　contains

one。



18。　　Right　of　bordelage。　　（The　seignior　is　heir…at…law；　except　when

the　children　of　the　deceased　live　with　their　parents　at　the　time　of

his　death。　　This　right　covers　an　area　of　forty…eight　arpentss。　　For

twenty　years；　through　neglect　or　from　other　causes；　he　has　derived

nothing　from　this。



19。　　Right　over　waste　and　abandoned　ground　and　to　alluvial

accumulations。



20。　　Right；　purely　honorary；　of　seat　and　burial　in　the　choir；　of

incense　and　of　special　prayer；　of　funeral　hangings　outside　and　inside

the　church。



21。　　Rights　of　lods　et　ventes　on　copyholders；　due　by　the　purchaser

of　property　liable　to　this　lien；　in　forty　days。　　〃In　Bourbonnais；　the

lods　et　ventes　are　collected　at　a　third；　a　quarter；　at　the　sixth；

eighth　and　twelfth　rate。〃　The　seignior　of　Blet　and　Brosses　collects　at

rate　six。　　It　is　estimated　that　sales　are　made　once　in　eighty　years；

these　rights　bear　on　1；356　arpents　which　are　worth；　the　best；　192

livres　per　arpent　the　second　best；　110　livres；　the　poorest；　75　livres。

At　this　rate　the　1；350　arpents　are　worth　162；750　livres。　　A　discount　of

one…quarter　of　the　lods　et　ventes　is　allowed　to　purchasers。　　Annual

revenue　of　this　right　254　livres。



22。　　Right　of　tithe　and　of　charnage。　　The　seignior　has　obtained　all

tithe　rights；　save　a　few　belonging　to　the　canons　of　Don…le…Rol　and　to

the　prior　of　Chaumont。　　The　tithes　are　levied　on　the　thirteenth　sheaf。

They　are　comprised　in　the　leases。



23。　　Right　of　terrage　or　champart：　the　right　of　collecting；　after

the　tithes；　a　portion　of　the　produce　of　the　ground。　　〃In　Bourbonnais；

the　terrage　is　collected　in　various　ways；　on　the　third　sheaf；　on　the

fifth；　sixth；　seventh；　and　commonly　one…quarter；　at　Blet　it　is　the

twelfth。〃　The　seignior　of　Blet　collects　terrage　only　on　a　certain

number　of　the　farms　of　his　seigniory；　〃in　relation　to　Brosses；　it

appears　that　all　domains　possessed　by　copyholders　are　subject　to　the

right。〃　These　rights　of　terrage　are　comprised　in　the　leases　of　the

farms　of　Blet　and　of　Brosses。



24。　　Cens；　surcens　and　rentes　due　on　real　property　of　different

kinds；　houses；　fields；　meadows；　etc。；　situated　in　the　territory　of　the

seigniory。　　In　the　seigniory　of　Blet；　810　arpents；　divided　into　511

portions；　in　the　hands　of　120　copyholders；　are　in　this　condition；　and

their　cens　annually　consists　of　137　francs　in　money；　sixty…seven

bushels　of　wheat；　three　of　barley；　159　of　oats；　sixteen　hens；　130

chickens；　six　cocks　and　capons；　the　total　valued　at　575　francs。　　On　the

Brosses　estate；　eighty…five　arpents；　divided　into　112　parcels；　in　the

hands　of　twenty　copyholders；　are　in　this　condition；　and　their　total

cens　is　fourteen　francs　money；　seventeen　bushels　of　wheat；　thirty…two

of　barley；　twenty…six　hens；　three　chickens　and　one　capon；　the　whole

valued　at　126　francs。



25。　　Rights　over　the　commons　（124　arpents　in　Blet　and　164　arpents　in

Brosses）。



The　vassals　have　on　these　only　the　right　of　use。　　〃Almost　the　whole

of　the　land；　on　which　they　exercise　this　right　of　pasturage；　belongs

to　the　seigniors；　save　this　right　with　which　they　are　burdened；　it　is

granted　only　to　a　few　individuals。〃



26。　　Rights　over　the　fiefs　mouvants　of　the　barony　of　Blet。　　Some　are

situated　in　Bourbonnais；　nineteen　being　in　this　condition。　　In

Bourbonnais；　the　fiefs；　even　when　owned　by　plebeians；　simply　owe　la

bouche　et　les　mains　to　the　seignior　at　each　mutation。　　Formerly　the

seignior　of　Blet　enforced；　in　this　case；　the　right　of　redemption　which

has　been　allowed　to　fall　into　desuetude。　　Others　are　situated　in　Berry

where　the　right　of　redemption　is　exercised。　　One　fief　in　Berry；　that　of

Cormesse　held　by　the　archbishop　of　Bourges；　comprising　eighty…five

arpents；　besides　a　portion　of　the　tithes；　and　producing　2；100　livres

per　annum；　admitting　a　mutation　every　twenty　years；　annually　brings　to

the　seignior　of　Blet　105　livres。



Besides　the　charges　indicated　there　are　the　following：



1。　　To　the　curate　of　Blet；　his　fixed　salary。　　According　to　royal

enactment　in　1686；　this　should　be　300　livres。　　According　to　arrangement

in　1692；　the　curate；　desirous　of　assuring　himself　of　this　fixed

salary；　yielded　to　the　seignior　all　the　dimes；　novales；　etc。　　The　edict

of　1768　having　fixed　the　curate's　salary　at　500　livres；　the　curate

claimed　this　sum　through　writs。　　The　canons　of　Dun…le…Roi　and　the　prior

of　Chaumont；　possessing　tithes　on　the　territory　of　Blet；　were　obliged

to　pay　a　portion　of　it。　　At　present　it　is　at　the　charge　of　the　seignior

of　Blet。



2。　　To　the　guard；　besides　his　lodging；　warming　and　the　use　of　three

arpents；　200　livres。



3。　　To　the　steward　or　registrar；　to　preserve　the　archives；　look

afte