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neglected; it should ever be held in mind that there is something

far higher and nobler to be aimed atgreater than pleasure;

greater than art; greater than wealth; greater than power; greater

than intellect; greater than geniusand that is; purity and

excellence of character。  Without a solid sterling basis of

individual goodness; all the grace; elegance; and art in the world

would fail to save or to elevate a people。







NOTES



(1) Locke thought it of greater importance that an educator of youth

should be well…bred and well…tempered; than that he should be

either a thorough classicist or man of science。  Writing to Lord

Peterborough on his son's education; Locke said: 〃Your Lordship

would have your son's tutor a thorough scholar; and I think it not

much matter whether he be any scholar or no: if he but understand

Latin well; and have a general scheme of the sciences; I think

that enough。  But I would have him WELL…BRED and WELL…TEMPERED。〃



(2) Mrs。 Hutchinson's 'Memoir of the Life of Lieut。…Colonel

Hutchinson;' p。 32。



(3) 'Letters and Essays;' p。 59。



(4) 'Lettres d'un Voyageur。'



(5) Sir Henry Taylor's 'Statesman;' p。 59。



(6) Introduction to the 'Principal Speeches and Addresses of His Royal

Highness the Prince Consort;' 1862。



(7) 〃When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes;

       I all alone beween my outcast state;

    And troubled deaf heaven with my bootless cries;

       And look upon myself and curse my fate;

    WISHING ME LIKE TO ONE MORE RICH IN HOPE;

       Featured like him; like him with friends possessed;

    Desiring this man's art; and that man's scope;

       With what I most enjoy; contented least;

    Yet in these thoughts; MYSELF ALMOST DESPISING;

       Haply I think on thee;〃 &c。SONNET XXIX。



    〃So I; MADE LAME by sorrow's dearest spite;〃 &c。SONNET XXXVI



(8) 〃And strength; by LIMPING sway disabled;〃 &c。SONNET LXVI。



    〃Speak of MY LAMENESS; and I straight will halt。〃SONNET LXXXIX。



(9)  〃Alas! 'tis true; I have gone here and there;

       And MADE MYSELF A MOTLEY TO THE VIEW;

     Gored mine own thoughts; sold cheap what is most dear;

       Made old offences of affections new;〃 &c。SONNET CX。



     〃Oh; for my sake do you with fortune chide!

       The guilty goddess of my harmful deeds;

     That did not better for my life provide;

       THAN PUBLIC MEANS; WHICH PUBLIC MANNERS BREED;

     Thence comes it that my name receives a brand;

       And almost thence my nature is subdued;

     To what it works in like the dyer's hand;〃 &c。SONNET CXI。



(10) 〃In our two loves there is but one respect;

        Though in our loves a separable spite;

     Which though it alter not loves sole effect;

        Yet doth it steal sweet hours from love's delight;

     I may not evermore acknowledge thee;

        Lest MY BEWAILED GUILT SHOULD DO THEE SHAME。〃SONNET XXXVI。



(11) It is related of Garrick; that when subpoenaed on Baretti's trial;

and required to give his evidence before the courtthough he had

been accustomed for thirty years to act with the greatest self…

possession in the presence of thousandshe became so perplexed

and confused; that he was actually sent from the witness…box by

the judge; as a man from whom no evidence could be obtained。



(12)Mrs。 Mathews' 'Life and Correspondence of Charles Mathews;' (Ed。

1860) p。 232。



(13) Archbishop Whately's 'Commonplace Book。'



(14) Emerson is said to have had Nathaniel Hawthorne in his mind when

writing the following passage in his 'Society and Solitude:'

〃The most agreeable compliment you could pay him was; to imply

that you had not observed him in a house or a street where you had

met him。  Whilst he suffered at being seen where he was; he

consoled himself with the delicious thought of the inconceivable

number of places where he was not。  All he wished of his tailor

was to provide that sober mean of colour and cut which would never

detain the eye for a moment。。。。  He had a remorse; running to

despair; of his social GAUCHERIES; and walked miles and miles to

get the twitchings out of his face; and the starts and shrugs out

of his arms and shoulders。  'God may forgive sins;' he said; 'but

awkwardness has no forgiveness in heaven or earth。'〃



(15) In a series of clever articles in the REVUE DES DEUX MONDES;

entitled; 'Six mille Lieues a toute Vapeur;' giving a description

of his travels in North America; Maurice Sand keenly observed the

comparatively anti…social proclivities of the American compared

with the Frenchman。  The one; he says; is inspired by the spirit

of individuality; the other by the spirit of society。  In America

he sees the individual absorbing society; as in France he sees

society absorbing the individual。  〃Ce peuple Anglo…Saxon;〃 he

says; 〃qui trouvait devant lui la terre; l'instrument de travail;

sinon inepuisable; du mons inepuise; s'est mis a l'exploiter sous

l'inspiration de l'egoisme; et nous autres Francais; nous n'avons

rien su en faire; parceque NOUS NE POUVONS RIEN DANS

L'ISOLEMENT。。。。  L'Americain supporte la solitude avec un

stoicisme admirable; mais effrayant; il ne l'aime pas; il ne songe

qu'a la detruire。。。。  Le Francais est tout autre。  Il aime son

parent; son ami; son compagnon; et jusqu'a son voisin d'omnibus ou

de theatre; si sa figure lui est sympathetique。  Pourquoi?  Parce

qu'il le regarde et cherche son ame; parce qu'il vit dans son

semblable autant qu'en lui…meme。  Quand il est longtemps seul; il

deperit; et quand il est toujours seul; it meurt。〃



All this is perfectly true; and it explains why the comparatively

unsociable Germans; English; and Americans; are spreading over the

earth; while the intensely sociable Frenchmen; unable to enjoy

life without each other's society; prefer to stay at home; and

France fails to extend itself beyond France。





(16) The Irish have; in many respects; the same strong social instincts

as the French。  In the United States they cluster naturally in the

towns; where they have their 〃Irish Quarters;〃 as in England。

They are even more Irish there than at home; and can no more

forget that they are Irishmen than the French can that they are

Frenchmen。  〃I deliberately assert;〃 says Mr。 Maguire; in his

recent work on 'The Irish in America;' 〃that it is not within the

power of language to describe adequately; much less to exaggerate;

the evils consequent on the unhappy tendency of the Irish to

congregate in the large towns of America。〃  It is this intense

socialism of the Irish that keeps them in a comparatively hand…to…

mouth condition in all the States of the Union。



(17) 'The Statesman;' p。 35。



(18) Nathaniel Hawthorne; in his 'First Impressions of France and

Italy;' says his opinion of the uncleanly character of the modern

Romans is so unfavourable that he hardly knows how to express it

〃But the fact is that through the Forum; and everywhere out of the

commonest foot…track and roadway; you must look well to your

steps。。。。  Perhaps there is something in the minds of the people

of these countries that enables them to dissever small ugliness

from great sublimity and beauty。  They spit upon the glorious

pavement of St。 Peter's; and wherever else they like; they place

paltry…looking wooden confessionals beneath its sublime arches;

and ornament them with cheap little coloured prints of the

Crucifixion; they hang tin hearts; and other tinsel and trumpery;

at the gorgeous shrines of the saints; in chapels that are

encrusted with gems; or marbles almost as precious; they put

pasteboard statues of saints beneath the dome of the Pantheon;

in short; they let the sublime and the ridiculous come close

together; and are not in the least troubled by the proximity。〃



(19) Edwin Chadwick's 'Address to the Economic Science and Statistic

Section;' British Association (Meeting; 1862)。







CHAPTER XCOMPANIONSHIP OF BOOKS。







                         〃Books; we know;

      Are a substantial world; both pure and good;

      Round which; with tendrils strong as flesh and blood;

      Our pastime and our happiness can grow。〃 WORDSWORTH。



〃Not only in the common speech of men; but in all art toowhich

is or should be the concentrated and conserved essence of what men

can speak and showBiography is almost the one thing needful〃

                                              CARLYLE。





〃I read all biographies with intense interest。 Even a man without

a heart; like Cavendish; I think about; and read about; and dream

about; and picture to myself in all possible ways; till he grows

into a living being beside me; and I put my feet into his shoes;

and become for the time Cavendish; and think as he thought; and do

as he did。〃GEORGE WILSON。



          〃My thoughts are with the dead; with them

            I live in long…past years;

          Their virtues love; their faults condemn;

      

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