phocion-第4节

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to　assist　their　confederates　in　the　Hellespont；　an　appointment
which；　in　effect；　contributed　more　than　anything　to　the　relief　of
Byzantium。
　　For　Phocion's　name　was　already　honourably　known；　and　an　old
acquaintance　of　his；　who　had　been　his　fellow…student　in　the　Academy；
Leon；　a　man　of　high　renown　for　virtue　among　the　Byzantines；　having
vouched　for　Phocion　to　the　city；　they　opened　their　gates　to　receive
him；　not　permitting　him；　though　he　desired　it；　to　encamp　without　the
walls；　but　entertained　him　and　all　the　Athenians　with　perfect
reliance；　while　they；　to　requite　their　confidence；　behaved　among　their
new　hosts　soberly　and　inoffensively；　and　exerted　themselves　on　all
occasions　with　the　greatest　zeal　and　resolution　for　their　defence。
Thus　King　Philip　was　driven　out　of　the　Hellespont；　and　was　despised　to
boot；　whom；　till　now；　it　had　been　thought　impossible　to　match；　or　even
to　oppose。　Phocion　also　took　some　of　his　ships；　and　recaptured　some　of
the　places　he　had　garrisoned；　making　besides　several　inroads　into
the　country；　which　he　plundered　and　overran；　until　he　received　a　wound
from　some　of　the　enemy　who　came　to　the　defence；　and；　thereupon；　sailed
away　home。
　　The　Megarians　at　this　time　privately　praying　aid　of　the　Athenians；
Phocion；　fearing　lest　the　Boeotians　should　hear　of　it；　and
anticipate　them；　called　an　assembly　at　sunrise；　and　brought　forward
the　petition　of　the　Megarians；　and　immediately　after　the　vote　had　been
put；　and　carried　in　their　favour；　he　sounded　the　trumpet；　and　led
the　Athenians　straight　from　the　assembly；　to　arm　and　put　themselves　in
posture。　The　Megarians　received　them　joyfully；　and　he　proceeded　to
fortify　Nisaea；　and　built　two　new　long　walls　from　the　city　to　the
arsenal；　and　so　joined　it　to　the　sea；　so　that　having　now　little　reason
to　regard　the　enemies　on　the　land　side；　it　placed　its　dependence
entirely　on　the　Athenians。
　　When　final　hostilities　with　Philip　were　now　certain；　and　in
Phocion's　absence　other　generals　had　been　nominated；　he；　on　his
arrival　from　the　islands；　dealt　earnestly　with　the　Athenians；　that
since　Philip　showed　peaceable　inclinations　towards　them；　and　greatly
apprehended　the　danger；　they　would　consent　to　a　treaty。　Being
contradicted　in　this　by　one　of　the　ordinary　frequenters　of　the
courts　of　justice；　a　common　accuser；　who　asked　him　if　he　durst　presume
to　persuade　the　Athenians　to　peace；　now　their　arms　were　in　their
hands；　〃Yes；〃　said　he；　〃though　I　know　that　if　there　be　war；　I　shall　be
in　office　over　you；　and　if　peace；　you　over　me。〃　But　when　he　could
not　prevail；　and　Demosthenes's　opinion　carried　it；　advising　them　to
make　war　as　far　off　from　home　as　possible；　and　fight　the　battle　out　of
Attica；　〃Good　friends；〃　said　Phocion；　〃let　us　not　ask　where　we　shall
fight；　but　how　we　may　conquer　in　the　war。　That　will　be　the　way　to　keep
it　at　a　distance。　If　we　are　beaten；　it　will　be　quickly　at　our
doors。〃　After　the　defeat；　when　the　clamourers　and　incendiaries　in
the　town　would　have　brought　up　Charidemus　to　the　hustings；　to　be
nominated　to　the　command；　the　best　of　the　citizens　were　in　a　panic；
and　supporting　themselves　with　the　aid　of　the　council　of　the
Areopagus；　with　entreaties　and　tears；　hardly　prevailed　upon　the　people
to　have　Phocion　entrusted　with　the　care　of　the　city。　He　was　of
opinion；　in　general；　that　the　fair　terms　to　be　expected　from　Philip
should　be　accepted；　yet　after　Demades　had　made　a　motion　that　the
city　should　receive　the　common　conditions　of　peace　in　concurrence　with
the　rest　of　the　states　of　Greece；　he　opposed　it；　till　it　were　known
what　the　particulars　were　which　Philip　demanded。　He　was　overborne　in
this　advice；　under　the　pressure　of　the　time；　but　almost　immediately
after　the　Athenians　repented　it；　when　they　understood　that　by　these
articles　they　were　obliged　to　furnish　Philip　both　with　horse　and
shipping。　〃It　was　the　fear　of　this；〃　said　Phocion；　〃that　occasioned　my
opposition。　But　since　the　thing　is　done；　let　us　make　the　best　of　it；
and　not　be　discouraged。　Our　forefathers　were　sometimes　in　command；　and
sometimes　under　it；　and　by　doing　their　duty；　whether　as　rulers　or　as
subjects；　saved　their　own　country　and　the　rest　of　Greece。〃
　　Upon　the　news　of　Philip's　death；　he　opposed　himself　to　any　public
demonstrations　of　joy　and　jubilee；　saying　it　would　be　ignoble　to
show　malice　upon　such　an　occasion；　and　that　the　army　that　had　fought
them　at　Chaeronea　was　only　diminished　by　a　single　man。
　　When　Demosthenes　made　his　invectives　against　Alexander；　now　on　his
way　to　attack　Thebes；　he　repeated　those　verses　of　Homer：…

　　　　　　　　　〃Unwise　one；　wherefore　to　a　second　stroke
　　　　　　　　　　His　anger　be　foolhardy　to　provoke？〃

and　asked　〃Why　stimulate　his　already　eager　passion　for　glory？　Why　take
pains　to　expose　the　city　to　the　terrible　conflagration　now　so　near？
We；　who　accepted　office　to　save　our　fellow…citizens；　will　not；　however
they　desire　it；　be　consenting　to　their　destruction。〃
　　After　Thebes　was　lost；　and　Alexander　had　demanded　Demosthenes；
Lycurgus；　Hyperides；　and　Charidemus　to　be　delivered　up；　the　whole
assembly　turning　their　eyes　to　him；　and　calling　on　him　by　name　to
deliver　his　opinion；　at　last　he　rose　up；　and　showing　them　one　of　his
most　intimate　friends；　whom　he　loved　and　confided　in　above　all　others；
told　them；　〃You　have　brought　things　amongst　you　to　that　pass；　that　for
my　part；　should　he　demand　this　my　friend　Nicocles；　I　would　not
refuse　to　give　him　up。　For　as　for　myself；　to　have　it　in　my　power　to
sacrifice　my　own　life　and　fortune　for　the　common　safety；　I　should
think　the　greatest　of　good　fortune。　Truly；〃　he　added；　〃it　pierces　my
heart　to　see　those　who　are　fled　hither　for　succour　from　the　desolation
of　Thebes。　Yet　it　is　enough　for　Greece　to　have　Thebes　to　deplore。　It
will　be　more　for　the　interest　of　all　that　we　should　deprecate　the
conqueror's　anger；　and　intercede　for　both；　than　run　the　hazard　of
another　battle。〃
　　When　this　was　decreed　by　the　people；　Alexander　is　said　to　have
rejected　their　first　address　when　it　was　presented；　throwing　it　from
him　scornfully；　and　turning　his　back　upon　the　deputation；　who　left　him
in　affright。　But　the　second；　which　was　presented　by　Phocion；　he
received；　understanding　from　the　older　Macedonians　how　much　Philip　had
admired　and　esteemed　him。　And　he　not　only　gave　him　audience　and
listened　to　his　memorial　and　petition；　but　also　permitted　him　to
advise　him；　which　he　did　to　this　effect；　that　if　his　designs　were
for　quietness；　he　should　make　peace　at　once；　if　glory　were　his　aim；　he
should　make　war；　not　upon　Greece；　but　on　the　barbarians。　With
various　counsels　and　suggestions；　happily　designed　to　meet　the
genius　and　feelings　of　Alexander；　he　so　won　upon　him；　and　softened　his
temper；　that　he　bade　the　Athenians　not　forget　their　position；　as　if
anything　went　wrong　with　him；　the　supremacy　belonged　to　them。　And　to
Phocion　himself；　whom　he　adopted　as　his　friend　and　guest；　he　showed
a　respect；　and　admitted　him　to　distinctions；　which　few　of　those　who
were　continually　near　his　person　ever　received。　Duris；　at　any　rate；
tells　us；　that　when　he　became　great；　and　had　conquered　Darius；　in
the　heading　of　all　his　letters　he　left　off　the　word　Greeting；　except
in　those　he　wrote　to　Phocion。　To　him；　and　to　Antipater　alone；　he
condescended　to　use　it。　This　also　is　stated　by　Chares。
　　As　for　his　munificence　to　him；　it　is　well　known　he　sent　him　a
present　at　one　time　of　one　hundred　talents；　and　this　being　brought
to　Athens；　Phocion　asked　of　the　bearers　how　it　came　to　pass　that　among
all　the　Athenians　he　alone　should　be　the　object　of　this　bounty。
Being　told　that　Alexander　esteemed　him　alone　a　person　of　honour　and
worth；　〃Let　him；　then；〃　said　he；　〃permit　me　to　continue　so　and　be
still　so　reputed。〃　Following　him　to　his　house；　and　observing　his
simple　and　plain　way　of　living；　his　wife　employed　in　kneading　bread
with　her　own　hands；　himself　drawing　water　to　wash　his　feet；　they
pressed　him　to　accept　it；　with　some　indignation；　being　ashamed；　as
they　said；　that　Alexander's　friend　should　live　so　poorly　and
pitifully。　So　Phocion；　pointing　out　to　them　a　poor　old　fellow；　in　a
dirty　worn…out　coat；　passing　by；　asked　them　if　they　thought　him　in
worse　condition　than　this　man。　They　bade　him　not　mention　such　a
comparison。　〃Yet；〃　said　Phocion；　〃he；　with　less　to　live　upon　than　I；
finds　it　sufficient；　and　in　brief；〃　he　continued；　〃if　I　do　not　use
this　money；　what　good　is　there　in　my　having　it；　and　if　I　do　use　it；
I　shall　procure　an　ill　name；　both　for　myself　and　for　Alexander；
among　my　countrymen。〃　So　the　treasure　went　back　again　from　Athens；
to　prove　to　Greece；　by　a　signal　example；　that　he　who　could　afford　to
give　so　magnificent　a　present；　was　yet　not　so　rich　as　he　who　could
afford　to　refuse　it。　And　when　Alexander　was　displeased；　and　wrote　back
to　him　to　say　that　he　could　not　esteem　those　his　friends　who　would　not
be　obliged　by　him；　not　even　would　this　induce　Phocion　to　accept　the
money；　but　he　begged　leave　to　intercede　with　him　in　behalf　of
Echecratides；　the　sophist；　and　Athenodorus；　the　Imbrian；　as　also　for
Demaratus　and　Sparton；　two　Rhodians；　who　had　been　arrested　upon　some
charges；　and　were　in　custody　at　Sardis。　This　was　instantly　granted
by　Alexander；　and　they　were　set　at　liberty。