phocion-第3节

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which　you　excel　（your　tongues）；　and　not　by　war；　in　which　you　are
inferior。〃　Once　when　he　was　addressing　them；　and　they　would　not　hear
him　or　let　him　go　on；　said　he；　〃You　may　compel　me　to　act　against　my
wishes；　but　you　shall　never　force　me　to　speak　against　my　judgment。〃
Among　the　many　public　speakers　who　opposed　him；　Demosthenes；　for
example；　once　told　him；　〃The　Athenians；　Phocion；　will　kill　you　some
day　when　they　once　are　in　a　rage。〃　〃And　you；〃　said　he；　〃if　they　once
are　in　their　senses。〃　Polyeuctus；　the　Sphettian；　once　on　a　hot　day　was
urging　war　with　Philip；　and　being　a　corpulent　man；　and　out　of　breath
and　in　a　great　heat　with　speaking；　took　numerous　draughts　of　water
as　he　went　on。　〃Here；　indeed；〃　said　Phocion；　〃is　a　fit　man　to　lead
us　into　a　war！　What　think　you　he　will　do　when　he　is　carrying　his
corselet　and　his　shield　to　meet　the　enemy；　if　even　here；　delivering
a　prepared　speech　to　you；　has　almost　killed　him　with　exhaustion？〃　When
Lycurgus　in　the　assembly　made　many　reflections　on　his　past　conduct；
upbraiding　him　above　all　for　having　advised　them　to　deliver　up　the　ten
citizens　whom　Alexander　had　demanded；　he　replied　that　he　had　been
the　author　of　much　safe　and　wholesome　counsel；　which　had　not　been
followed。
　　There　was　a　man　called　Archibiades；　nicknamed　the　Lacedaemonian；　who
used　to　go　about　with　a　huge；　over…grown　beard；　wearing　an　old
threadbare　cloak；　and　affecting　a　very　stern　countenance。　Phocion
once；　when　attacked　in　council　by　the　rest；　appealed　to　this　man　for
his　support　and　testimony。　And　when　he　got　up　and　began　to　speak　on
the　popular　side；　putting　his　hand　to　his　beard；　〃O　Archibiades；〃　said
he；　〃it　is　time　you　should　shave。〃　Aristogiton；　a　common　accuser；
was　a　terrible　man　of　war　within　the　assembly；　always　inflaming　the
people　to　battle；　but　when　the　muster…roll　came　to　be　produced；　he
appeared　limping　on　a　crutch；　with　a　bandage　on　his　leg；　Phocion
descried　him　afar　off；　coming　in；　and　cried　out　to　the　clerk；　〃Put
down　Aristogiton；　too；　as　lame　and　worthless。〃
　　So　that　it　is　a　little　wonderful；　how　a　man　so　severe　and　harsh　upon
all　occasions　should；　notwithstanding；　obtain　the　name　of　the　Good。
Yet；　though　difficult；　it　is　not；　I　suppose；　impossible　for　men's
tempers；　any　more　than　for　wines；　to　be　at　the　same　time　harsh　and
agreeable　to　the　taste；　just　as　on　the　other　hand　many　that　are
sweet　at　the　first　taste　are　found；　on　further　use；　extremely
disagreeable　and　unwholesome。　Hyperides；　we　are　told；　once　said　to　the
people；　〃Do　not　ask　yourselves；　men　of　Athens；　whether　or　not　I　am
bitter；　but　whether　or　not　I　am　paid　for　being　so；〃　as　though　a
covetous　purpose　were　the　only　thing　that　should　make　a　harsh　temper
insupportable；　and　as　if　men　might　not　even　more　justly　render
themselves　obnoxious　to　popular　dislike　and　censure；　by　using　their
power　and　influence　in　the　indulgence　of　their　own　private　passions　of
pride　and　jealousy；　anger　and　animosity。　Phocion　never　allowed　himself
from　any　feeling　of　personal　hostility　to　do　hurt　to　any
fellow…citizen；　nor；　indeed；　reputed　any　man　his　enemy；　except　so
far　as　he　could　not　but　contend　sharply　with　such　as　opposed　the
measures　he　urged　for　the　public　good；　in　which　argument　he　was；
indeed；　a　rude；　obstinate；　and　uncompromising　adversary。　For　his
general　conversation；　it　was　easy；　courteous；　and　obliging　to　all；
to　that　point　that　he　would　befriend　his　very　opponents　in　their
distress；　and　espouse　the　cause　of　those　who　differed　most　from　him；
when　they　needed　his　patronage。　His　friends　reproaching　him　for
pleading　in　behalf　of　a　man　of　indifferent　character；　he　told　them　the
innocent　had　no　need　of　an　advocate。　Aristogiton；　the　sycophant；
whom　we　mentioned　before；　having；　after　sentence　passed　upon　him；　sent
earnestly　to　Phocion　to　speak　with　him　in　the　prison；　his　friends
dissuaded　him　from　going；　〃Nay；　by　your　favour；〃　said　he；　〃where
should　I　rather　choose　to　pay　Aristogiton　a　visit？〃
　　As　for　the　allies　of　the　Athenians；　and　the　islanders；　whenever
any　admiral　besides　Phocion　was　sent；　they　treated　him　as　an　enemy
suspect；　barricaded　their　gates；　blocked　up　their　havens；　brought　in
from　the　country　their　cattle；　slaves；　wives；　and　children；　and　put
them　in　garrison；　but　upon　Phocion's　arrival；　they　went　out　to　welcome
him　in　their　private　boats　and　barges；　with　streamers　and　garlands；
and　received　him　at　landing　with　every　demonstration　of　joy　and
pleasure。
　　When　King　Philip　was　effecting　his　entry　into　Euboea；　and　was
bringing　over　troops　from　Macedonia；　and　making　himself　master　of
the　cities；　by　means　of　the　tyrants　who　ruled　in　them；　Plutarch　of
Eretria　sent　to　request　aid　of　the　Athenians　for　the　relief　of　the
island；　which　was　in　imminent　danger　of　falling　wholly　into　the
hands　of　the　Macedonians。　Phocion　was　sent　thither　with　a　handful　of
men　in　comparison；　in　expectation　that　the　Euboeans　themselves　would
flock　in　and　join　him。　But　when　he　came；　he　found　all　things　in
confusion；　the　country　all　betrayed；　the　whole　ground；　as　it　were；
undermined　under　his　feet；　by　the　secret　pensioners　of　King　Philip；　so
that　he　was　in　the　greatest　risk　imaginable。　To　secure　himself　as
far　as　he　could；　he　seized　a　small　rising　ground；　which　was　divided
from　the　level　plains　about　Tamynae　by　a　deep　watercourse；　and　here　he
enclosed　and　fortified　the　choicest　of　his　army。　As　for　the　idle
talkers　and　disorderly　bad　citizens　who　ran　off　from　his　camp　and　made
their　way　back；　he　bade　his　officers　not　regard　them；　since　here
they　would　have　been　not　only　useless　and　ungovernable　themselves；　but
an　actual　hindrance　to　the　rest：　and　further；　being　conscious　to
themselves　of　the　neglect　of　their　duty；　they　would　be　less　ready　to
misrepresent　the　action；　or　raise　a　cry　against　them　at　their　return
home。　When　the　enemy　drew　nigh；　he　bade　his　men　stand　to　their　arms；
until　he　had　finished　the　sacrifice；　in　which　he　spent　a
considerable　time；　either　by　some　difficulty　of　the　thing　itself；　or
on　purpose　to　invite　the　enemy　nearer。　Plutarch；　interpreting　this
tardiness　as　a　failure　in　his　courage；　fell　on　alone　with　the
mercenaries；　which　the　cavalry　perceiving；　could　not　be　contained；　but
issuing　also　out　of　the　camp；　confusedly　and　in　disorder；　spurred　up
to　the　enemy。　The　first　who　came　up　were　defeated；　the　rest　were　put
to　the　rout。　Plutarch　himself　took　to　flight；　and　a　body　of　the
enemy　advanced　in　the　hope　of　carrying　the　camp；　supposing
themselves　to　have　secured　the　victory。　But　by　this　time；　the
sacrifice　being　over；　the　Athenians　within　the　camp　came　forward；
and　falling　upon　them　put　them　to　flight；　and　killed　the　greater
number　as　they　fled　among　the　intrenchments；　while　Phocion；　ordering
his　infantry　to　keep　on　the　watch　and　rally　those　who　came　in　from　the
previous　flight；　himself；　with　a　body　of　his　best　men；　engaged　the
enemy　in　a　sharp　and　bloody　fight；　in　which　all　of　them　behaved　with
signal　courage　and　gallantry。　Thallus；　the　son　of　Cineas；　and
Glaucus　of　Polymedes；　who　fought　near　the　general；　gained　the
honours　of　the　day。　Cleophanes；　also；　did　good　service　in　the
battle。　Recovering　the　cavalry　from　its　defeat；　and　with　his　shouts
and　encouragement　bringing　them　up　to　succour　the　general；　who　was
in　danger；　he　confirmed　the　victory　obtained　by　the　infantry。
Phocion　now　expelled　Plutarch　from　Eretria；　and　possessed　himself　of
the　very　important　fort　of　Zaretra；　situated　where　the　island　is
pinched　in；　as　it　were；　by　the　seas　on　each　side；　and　its　breadth　most
reduced　to　a　narrow　girth。　He　released　all　the　Greeks　whom　he　took；
out　of　fear　of　the　public　speakers　at　Athens；　thinking　they　might　very
likely　persuade　the　people　in　their　anger　into　committing　some　act
of　cruelty。
　　This　affair　thus　despatched　and　settled；　Phocion　set　sail　homewards；
and　the　allies　had　soon　as　good　reason　to　regret　the　loss　of　his
just　and　humane　dealing　as　the　Athenians　that　of　his　experience　and
courage。　Molossus；　the　commander　who　took　his　place；　had　no　better
success　than　to　fall　alive　into　the　enemy's　hands。
　　Philip；　full　of　great　thoughts　and　designs；　now　advanced　with　all
his　forces　into　the　Hellespont；　to　seize　the　Chersonesus　and
Perinthus；　and　after　them　Byzantium。　The　Athenians　raised　a　force　to
relieve　them；　but　the　popular　leaders　made　it　their　business　to　prefer
Chares　to　be　general；　who；　sailing　thither；　effected　nothing　worthy　of
the　means　placed　in　his　hands。　The　cities　were　afraid；　and　would　not
receive　his　ships　into　their　harbours；　so　that　he　did　nothing　but
wander　about；　raising　money　from　their　friends；　and　despised　by
their　enemies。　When　the　people；　chafed　by　the　orators；　were
extremely　indignant；　and　repented　having　ever　sent　any　help　to　the
Byzantines；　Phocion　rose　and　told　them　they　ought　not　to　be　angry　with
the　allies　for　distrusting；　but　with　their　generals　for　being
distrusted。　〃They　make　you　suspected；〃　he　said；　〃even　by　those　who
cannot　possibly　subsist　without　your　succour。〃　The　assembly　being
moved　with　this　speech　of　his；　changed　their　minds　on　the　sudden；
and　commanded　him　immediately　to　raise　another　force；　and　go　himself
to　assist　their　confederates　in　the　Hellespont；　an　appointment
which；　in　effect；　contribute