the athenian constitution-第9节

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hen；　they　acted　on　these　lines；　and　they　destroyed　the　professional　accusers　　and　those　mischievous　and　evil…minded　persons　who；　to　the　great　　detriment　of　the　democracy；　had　attached　themselves　to　it　in　order　to　curry　　favour　with　it。　With　all　of　this　the　city　was　much　pleased；　and　thought　that　the　Thirty　were　doing　it　with　the　best　of　motives。　But　so　soon　　as　they　had　got　a　firmer　hold　on　the　city；　they　spared　no　class　of　citizens；　but　put　to　death　any　persons　who　were　eminent　for　wealth　or　birth　or　character。　Herein　they　aimed　at　removing　all　whom　they　had　reason　to　fear；　while　they　also　wished　to　lay　hands　on　their　　possessions；　and　in　a　short　time　they　put　to　death　not　less　than　fifteen　hundred　persons。

Part　36

　　Theramenes；　however；　seeing　the　city　thus　falling　into　ruin；　was　displeased　with　their　proceedings；　and　counselled　them　to　cease　such　unprincipled　conduct　and　let　the　better　classes　have　a　share　in　the　government。　At　first　they　resisted　his　advice；　but　when　his　proposals　came　to　be　known　abroad；　and　the　masses　began　to　associate　themselves　with　him；　they　were　seized　with　alarm　lest　he　should　make　himself　the　leader　of　the　people　and　destroy　their　despotic　power。　Accordingly　they　drew　up　a　list　of　three　thousand　citizens；　to　whom　they　announced　that　they　would　give　a　share　in　the　constitution。　Theramenes；　however；　criticized　this　scheme　also；　first　on　the　ground　that；　while　proposing　to　give　all　respectable　citizens　a　share　in　the　constitution；　they　were　actually　giving　it　only　to　three　thousand　persons；　as　though　all　merit　were　confined　within　that　number；　and　secondly　because　they　were　doing　two　inconsistent　things；　since　they　made　the　government　rest　on　the　basis　of　　force；　and　yet　made　the　governors　inferior　in　strength　to　the　governed。　However；　they　took　no　notice　of　his　criticisms；　and　for　a　long　time　put　off　the　publication　of　the　list　of　the　Three　Thousand　and　kept　to　themselves　the　names　of　those　who　had　been　placed　upon　it；　and　every　time　they　did　decide　to　publish　it　they　proceeded　to　strike　out　some　of　those　who　had　been　included　in　it；　and　insert　others　who　had　been　omitted。

Part　37

　　Now　when　winter　had　set　in；　Thrasybulus　and　the　exiles　occupied　Phyle；　and　the　force　which　the　Thirty　led　out　to　attack　them　met　with　a　reverse。　Thereupon　the　Thirty　decided　to　disarm　the　　bulk　of　the　population　and　to　get　rid　of　Theramenes；　which　they　did　in　the　following　way。　They　introduced　two　laws　into　the　Council；　which　they　commanded　it　to　pass；　the　first　of　them　gave　the　Thirty　　absolute　power　to　put　to　death　any　citizen　who　was　not　included　in　the　list　of　the　Three　Thousand；　while　the　second　disqualified　all　persons　from　participation　in　the　franchise　who　should　have　assisted　in　the　demolition　of　the　fort　of　Eetioneia；　or　have　acted　in　any　way　against　the　Four　Hundred　who　had　organized　the　previous　oligarchy。　Theramenes　had　done　both；　and　accordingly；　when　these　laws　were　ratified；　he　became　excluded　from　the　franchise　and　the　Thirty　had　full　power　to　put　him　to　death。　Theramenes　having　been　thus　removed；　they　disarmed　all　the　people　except　the　Three　Thousand；　and　in　every　respect　showed　a　great　advance　in　cruelty　and　crime。　They　also　sent　ambassadors　to　Lacedaemonian　to　blacken　the　character　of　Theramenes　and　to　ask　for　help；　and　the　Lacedaemonians；　in　answer　to　their　appeal；　sent　Callibius　as　military　governor　with　about　seven　hundred　troops；　who　came　and　occupied　the　Acropolis。

Part　38

　　These　events　were　followed　by　the　occupation　of　Munichia　by　the　exiles　from　Phyle；　and　their　victory　over　the　Thirty　and　their　partisans。　After　the　fight　the　party　of　the　city　retreated；　and　next　day　they　held　a　meeting　in　the　marketplace　and　deposed　the　　Thirty；　and　elected　ten　citizens　with　full　powers　to　bring　the　war　to　a　termination。　When；　however；　the　Ten　had　taken　over　the　　government　they　did　nothing　towards　the　object　for　which　they　were　elected；　but　sent　envoys　to　Lacedaemonian　to　ask　for　help　and　to　borrow　money。　Further；　finding　that　the　citizens　who　possessed　the　franchise　were　displeased　at　their　proceedings；　they　were　afraid　lest　they　should　be　deposed；　and　consequently；　in　order　to　strike　terror　into　them　（in　which　design　they　succeeded）；　they　arrested　Demaretus；　one　of　the　most　eminent　citizens；　and　put　him　to　death。　This　gave　　them　a　firm　hold　on　the　government；　and　they　also　had　the　support　of　　Callibius　and　his　Peloponnesians；　together　with　several　of　the　Knights；　for　some　of　the　members　of　this　class　were　the　most　zealous　among　the　citizens　to　prevent　the　return　of　the　exiles　from　Phyle。　When；　however；　the　party　in　Piraeus　and　Munichia　began　to　gain　the　upper　hand　in　the　war；　through　the　defection　of　the　whole　populace　to　them；　the　party　in　the　city　deposed　the　original　Ten；　and　elected　another　Ten；　consisting　of　men　of　the　highest　repute。　Under　their　administration；　and　with　their　active　and　zealous　cooperation；　the　treaty　of　reconciliation　was　made　and　the　populace　returned　to　the　city。　The　most　prominent　members　of　this　board　were　Rhinon　of　Paeania　and　Phayllus　of　Acherdus；　who；　even　before　the　arrival　of　Pausanias；　opened　negotiations　with　the　party　in　Piraeus；　and　after　his　arrival　seconded　his　efforts　to　bring　about　the　return　of　the　exiles。　For　it　was　Pausanias；　the　king　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　who　brought　the　peace　and　reconciliation　to　a　fulfillment；　in　conjunction　with　the　ten　commissioners　of　arbitration　who　arrived　later　from　Lacedaemonian；　at　his　own　earnest　request。　Rhinon　and　his　colleagues　received　a　vote　of　thanks　for　the　goodwill　shown　　by　them　to　the　people；　and　though　they　received　their　charge　under　an　oligarchy　and　handed　in　their　accounts　under　a　democracy；　no　one；　either　of　the　party　that　had　stayed　in　the　city　or　of　the　exiles　that　had　returned　from　the　Piraeus；　brought　any　complaint　against　them。　On　the　contrary；　Rhinon　was　immediately　elected　general　on　　account　of　his　conduct　in　this　office。

Part　39

　　This　reconciliation　was　effected　in　the　archonship　of　Eucleides；　on　the　following　terms。　All　persons　who；　having　remained　in　the　city　during　the　troubles；　were　now　anxious　to　leave　it；　were　to　be　free　to　settle　at　Eleusis；　retaining　their　civil　rights　and　　possessing　full　and　independent　powers　of　self…government；　and　with　the　free　　enjoyment　of　their　own　personal　property。　The　temple　at　Eleusis　should　　be　common　ground　for　both　parties；　and　should　be　under　the　superintendence　of　the　Ceryces；　and　the　Eumolpidae；　according　to　primitive　custom。　The　settlers　at　Eleusis　should　not　be　allowed　to　enter　Athens；　nor　the　people　of　Athens　to　enter　Eleusis；　except　at　the　season　of　the　mysteries；　when　both　parties　should　be　free　from　these　restrictions。　The　secessionists　should　pay　their　share　to　the　fund　for　the　common　defence　out　of　their　revenues；　just　like　all　the　other　Athenians。　If　any　of　the　seceding　party　wished　to　take　a　house　in　Eleusis；　the　people　would　help　them　to　obtain　the　consent　of　the　owner；　　but　if　they　could　not　come　to　terms；　they　should　appoint　three　valuers　on　either　side；　and　the　owner　should　receive　whatever　price　they　　should　appoint。　Of　the　inhabitants　of　Eleusis；　those　whom　the　secessionists　wished　to　remain　should　be　allowed　to　do　so。　The　list　of　those　who　　desired　to　secede　should　be　made　up　within　ten　days　after　the　taking　of　　the　oaths　in　the　case　of　persons　already　in　the　country；　and　their　actual　departure　should　take　place　within　twenty　days；　persons　at　　present　out　of　the　country　should　have　the　same　terms　allowed　to　them　after　their　return。　No　one　who　settled　at　Eleusis　should　be　capable　of　holding　any　office　in　Athens　until　he　should　again　register　　himself　on　the　roll　as　a　resident　in　the　city。　Trials　for　homicide；　　including　all　cases　in　which　one　party　had　either　killed　or　wounded　another；　should　be　conducted　according　to　ancestral　practice。　There　　should　be　a　general　amnesty　concerning　past　events　towards　all　persons　except　the　Thirty；　the　Ten；　the　Eleven；　and　the　magistrates　in　Piraeus；　and　these　too　should　be　included　if　they　should　submit　their　accounts　in　the　usual　way。　Such　accounts　should　be　given　by　the　magistrates　in　Piraeus　before　a　court　of　citizens　rated　in　Piraeus；　and　by　the　magistrates　in　the　city　before　a　court　of　those　rated　in　the　city。　On　these　terms　those　who　wished　to　do　so　might　secede。　Each　party　was　to　repay　separately　the　money　which　it　had　borrowed　for　the　war。　Part　40

　　When　the　reconciliation　had　taken　place　on　these　terms；　those　who　had　fought　on　the　side　of　the　Thirty　felt　considerable　apprehensions；　and　a　large　number　intended　to　secede。　But　as　they　put　off　entering　their　names　till　the　last　moment；　as　people　will　do；　Archinus；　observing　their　numbers；　and　being　anxious　to　retain　them　as　citizens；　cut　off　the　remaining　days　during　which　the　list　should　have　remained　open；　and　in　this　way　many　persons　were　　compelled　to　remain；　though　they　did　so　very　unwillingly　until　they　recovered　confidence。　This　is　one　point　in　which　Archinus　appears　to　have　acted　in　a　most　statesmanlike　manner；　and　another　was　his　subsequent　prosecution　of　Thrasybulus　on　the　charge　of　illegality；　for　a　motion　by　which　he　proposed　to　confer　the　franchise　on　all　who　had　　taken　part　in　the　return　from　Piraeus；　although　some　of　them　were　no