the athenian constitution-第13节

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hich　stands　in　front　of　the　Council…chamber；　near　　the　Eponymi　of　the　tribes。　Then　the　Forty　take　the　last　of　the　Eponymi　of　the　years　of　service；　and　assign　the　arbitrations　to　the　persons　　belonging　to　that　year；　casting　lots　to　determine　which　arbitrations　each　shall　undertake；　and　every　one　is　compelled　to　carry　through　the　arbitrations　which　the　lot　assigns　to　him。　The　law　enacts　　that　any　one　who　does　not　serve　as　Arbitrator　when　he　has　arrived　at　the　necessary　age　shall　lose　his　civil　rights；　unless　he　happens　to　be　holding　some　other　office　during　that　year；　or　to　be　out　of　the　country。　These　are　the　only　persons　who　escape　the　duty。　Any　one　who　suffers　injustice　at　the　hands　of　the　Arbitrator　may　appeal　to　the　whole　board　of　Arbitrators；　and　if　they　find　the　magistrate　guilty；　the　law　enacts　that　he　shall　lose　his　civil　rights。　The　persons　thus　condemned　have；　however；　in　their　turn　an　appeal。　The　　Eponymi　are　also　used　in　reference　to　military　expeditions；　when　the　men　of　military　age　are　despatched　on　service；　a　notice　is　put　up　stating　　that　the　men　from　such…and　such　an　Archon　and　Eponymus　to　such…and　such　another　Archon　and　Eponymus　are　to　go　on　the　expedition。

Part　54

　　The　following　magistrates　also　are　elected　by　lot：　Five　Commissioners　of　Roads　（Hodopoei）；　who；　with　an　assigned　body　of　public　slaves；　are　required　to　keep　the　roads　in　order：　and　ten　Auditors；　with　ten　assistants；　to　whom　all　persons　who　have　held　any　office　must　give　in　their　accounts。　These　are　the　only　officers　who　audit　the　accounts　of　those　who　are　subject　to　examination；　and　who　bring　them　up　for　examination　before　the　law…courts。　If　they　detect　any　magistrate　in　embezzlement；　the　jury　condemn　him　for　　theft；　and　he　is　obliged　to　repay　tenfold　the　sum　he　is　declared　to　have　misappropriated。　If　they　charge　a　magistrate　with　accepting　　bribes　and　the　jury　convict　him；　they　fine　him　for　corruption；　and　this　sum　too　is　repaid　tenfold。　Or　if　they　convict　him　of　unfair　dealing；　he　is　fined　on　that　charge；　and　the　sum　assessed　is　paid　without　increase；　if　payment　is　made　before　the　ninth　prytany；　but　otherwise　it　is　doubled。　A　tenfold　fine　is　not　doubled。　　　The　Clerk　of　the　prytany；　as　he　is　called；　is　also　elected　by　lot。　He　has　the　charge　of　all　public　documents；　and　keeps　the　resolutions　which　are　passed　by　the　Assembly；　and　checks　the　transcripts　of　all　other　official　papers　and　attends　at　the　sessions　of　the　Council。　Formerly　he　was　elected　by　open　vote；　and　the　most　distinguished　and　trustworthy　persons　were　elected　to　the　post；　as　is　known　from　the　fact　that　the　name　of　this　officer　is　appended　on　the　pillars　recording　treaties　of　alliance　and　grants　of　consulship　and　citizenship。　Now；　however；　he　is　elected　by　lot。　There　is；　in　addition；　a　Clerk　of　the　Laws；　elected　by　lot；　who　attends　at　the　sessions　of　the　Council；　and　he　too　checks　the　transcript　of　all　the　laws。　The　Assembly　also　elects　by　open　vote　a　clerk　to　read　documents　to　it　and　to　the　Council；　but　he　has　no　other　duty　except　that　of　reading　aloud。　　　The　Assembly　also　elects　by　lot　the　Commissioners　of　Public　Worship　（Hieropoei）　known　as　the　Commissioners　for　Sacrifices；　who　offer　the　sacrifices　appointed　by　oracle；　and；　in　　conjunction　with　the　seers；　take　the　auspices　whenever　there　is　occasion。　It　also　　elects　by　lot　ten　others；　known　as　Annual　Commissioners；　who　offer　certain　sacrifices　and　administer　all　the　quadrennial　festivals　except　the　Panathenaea。　There　are　the　following　quadrennial　festivals：　　first　that　of　Delos　（where　there　is　also　a　sexennial　festival）；　secondly　the　Brauronia；　thirdly　the　Heracleia；　fourthly　the　Eleusinia；　and　fifthly　the　Panathenaea；　and　no　two　of　these　are　celebrated　in　the　same　place。　To　these　the　Hephaestia　has　now　been　added；　in　the　archonship　of　Cephisophon。　　　An　Archon　is　also　elected　by　lot　for　Salamis；　and　a　Demarch　for　Piraeus。　These　officers　celebrate　the　Dionysia　in　these　two　places；　and　appoint　Choregi。　In　Salamis；　moreover；　the　name　of　the　Archon　is　publicly　recorded。

Part　55

　　All　the　foregoing　magistrates　are　elected　by　lot；　and　their　powers　are　those　which　have　been　stated。　To　pass　on　to　the　nine　Archons；　as　they　are　called；　the　manner　of　their　appointment　from　the　earliest　times　has　been　described　already。　At　the　present　day　six　Thesmothetae　are　elected　by　lot；　together　with　their　clerk；　and　in　addition　to　these　an　Archon；　a　King；　and　a　Polemarch。　One　is　elected　from　each　tribe。　They　are　examined　first　of　all　by　the　　Council　of　Five　Hundred；　with　the　exception　of　the　clerk。　The　latter　is　examined　only　in　the　lawcourt；　like　other　magistrates　（for　all　magistrates；　whether　elected　by　lot　or　by　open　vote；　are　examined　before　entering　on　their　offices）；　but　the　nine　Archons　are　examined　both　in　the　Council　and　again　in　the　law…court。　Formerly　no　one　could　hold　the　office　if　the　Council　rejected　him；　but　now　there　is　an　appeal　to　the　law…court；　which　is　the　final　authority　in　the　matter　of　the　examination。　When　they　are　examined；　they　are　asked；　first；　'Who　is　your　father；　and　of　what　deme？　who　is　your　father's　father？　who　is　your　mother？　who　is　your　mother's　father；　and　of　what　deme？'　Then　the　candidate　is　asked　whether　he　possesses　an　ancestral　Apollo　and　a　household　Zeus；　and　where　their　sanctuaries　are；　next　if　he　possesses　a　family　tomb；　and　where；　then　if　he　treats　his　parents　well；　and　pays　his　taxes；　and　has　served　on　the　required　military　expeditions。　When　the　examiner　has　put　these　questions；　he　proceeds；　'Call　the　witnesses　to　these　facts'；　and　when　the　candidate　has　produced　his　witnesses；　he　next　asks；　'Does　any　one　wish　to　make　any　accusation　against　this　man？'　If　an　accuser　appears；　he　gives　the　parties　an　opportunity　of　making　their　accusation　and　defence；　and　then　puts　it　to　the　Council　to　pass　the　candidate　or　not；　and　to　the　law…court　to　give　the　final　vote。　If　no　one　wishes　to　make　an　accusation；　he　proceeds　at　once　to　the　vote。　Formerly　a　single　individual　gave　the　vote；　but　now　all　the　members　are　obliged　to　vote　on　the　candidates；　so　that　if　any　unprincipled　candidate　has　managed　to　get　rid　of　his　accusers；　it　may　still　be　possible　for　him　to　be　disqualified　before　the　law…court。　When　the　　examination　has　been　thus　completed；　they　proceed　to　the　stone　on　which　are　the　pieces　of　the　victims；　and　on　which　the　Arbitrators　take　oath　before　declaring　their　decisions；　and　witnesses　swear　to　their　testimony。　On　　this　stone　the　Archons　stand；　and　swear　to　execute　their　office　uprightly　and　according　to　the　laws；　and　not　to　receive　presents　in　respect　of　the　performance　of　their　duties；　or；　if　they　do；　to　dedicate　a　golden　statue。　When　they　have　taken　this　oath　they　proceed　to　the　Acropolis；　and　there　they　repeat　it；　after　this　they　enter　upon　their　office。

Part　56

　　The　Archon；　the　King；　and　the　Polemarch　have　each　two　assessors；　nominated　by　themselves。　These　officers　are　examined　in　the　lawcourt　before　they　begin　to　act；　and　give　in　accounts　on　each　occasion　of　their　acting。　　　As　soon　as　the　Archon　enters　office；　he　begins　by　issuing　a　proclamation　that　whatever　any　one　possessed　before　he　entered　into　office；　that　he　shall　possess　and　hold　until　the　end　of　his　　term。　Next　he　assigns　Choregi　to　the　tragic　poets；　choosing　three　of　the　richest　persons　out　of　the　whole　body　of　Athenians。　Formerly　he　used　also　to　assign　five　Choregi　to　the　comic　poets；　but　now　the　tribes　provide　the　Choregi　for　them。　Then　he　receives　the　Choregi　who　have　been　appointed　by　the　tribes　for　the　men's　and　boys'　choruses　and　the　comic　poets　at　the　Dionysia；　and　for　the　men's　and　boys'　choruses　at　the　Thargelia　（at　the　Dionysia　there　is　a　chorus　for　each　tribe；　but　at　the　Thargelia　one　between　two　tribes；　each　tribe　bearing　its　share　in　providing　it）；　he　transacts　the　exchanges　of　properties　for　them；　and　reports　any　excuses　that　are　　tendered；　if　any　one　says　that　he　has　already　borne　this　burden；　or　that　he　is　exempt　because　he　has　borne　a　similar　burden　and　the　period　of　his　exemption　has　not　yet　expired；　or　that　he　is　not　of　the　required　age；　since　the　Choregus　of　a　boys'　chorus　must　be　over　forty　years　of　age。　He　also　appoints　Choregi　for　the　festival　at　Delos；　and　a　chief　of　the　mission　for　the　thirty…oar　boat　which　conveys　the　youths　thither。　He　also　superintends　sacred　processions；　both　that　in　honour　of　Asclepius；　when　the　initiated　keep　house；　and　　that　of　the　great　Dionysia…the　latter　in　conjunction　with　the　Superintendents　of　that　festival。　These　officers；　ten　in　number；　were　formerly　　elected　by　open　vote　in　the　Assembly；　and　used　to　provide　for　the　　expenses　of　the　procession　out　of　their　private　means；　but　now　one　is　elected　by　lot　from　each　tribe；　and　the　state　contributes　a　hundred　minas　for　the　expenses。　The　Archon　also　superintends　the　procession　at　the　Thargelia；　and　that　in　honour　of　Zeus　the　Saviour。　He　also　　manages　the　contests　at　the　Dionysia　and　the　Thargelia。　　　These；　then；　are　the　festivals　which　he　superintends。　The　suits　and　indictments　which　come　before　him；　and　which　he；　after　a　preliminary　inquiry；　brings　up　before　the　lawcourts；　are　as　follows。　Injury　to　parents　（for　bringing　these　actions　the　prosecutor　cannot　suffer　any　penalty）；　injury　to　orphans　（these　actions　lie　against　their　guardians）；　injury　to　a