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the other side of the lake; as a glacier of the second order; which 

ends in an ice…cliff hanging high up on the mountain side; and kept 

from further progress by daily melting。  If you have ever gone up 

the Mer de Glace to the Tacul; you saw a magnificent specimen of 

this sort on your right hand; just opposite the Tacul; in the 

Glacier de Trelaporte; which comes down from the Aiguille de 

Charmoz。



This explains our pebble…ridge。  The stones which the glacier 

rubbed off the cliff beneath it it carried forward; slowly but 

surely; till they saw the light again in the face of the ice…cliff; 

and dropped out of it under the melting of the summer sun; to form 

a huge dam across the ravine; till; the 〃Ice age〃 past; a more 

genial climate succeeded; and neve and glacier melted away:  but 

the 〃moraine〃 of stones did not; and remains to this day; as the 

dam which keeps up the waters of the lake。



There is my explanation。  If you can find a better; do:  but 

remember always that it must include an answer to … 〃How did the 

stones get across the lake?〃



 Now; reader; we have had no abstruse science here; no long words; 

not even a microscope or a book:  and yet we; as two plain 

sportsmen; have gone back; or been led back by fact and common 

sense; into the most awful and sublime depths; into an epos of the 

destruction and re…creation of a former world。



This is but a single instance; I might give hundreds。  This one; 

nevertheless; may have some effect in awakening you to the 

boundless world of wonders which is all around you; and make you 

ask yourself seriously; 〃What branch of Natural History shall I 

begin to investigate; if it be but for a few weeks; this summer?〃



To which I answer; Try 〃the Wonders of the Shore。〃  There are along 

every sea…beach more strange things to be seen; and those to be 

seen easily; than in any other field of observation which you will 

find in these islands。  And on the shore only will you have the 

enjoyment of finding new species; of adding your mite to the 

treasures of science。



For not only the English ferns; but the natural history of all our 

land species; are now well…nigh exhausted。  Our home botanists and 

ornithologists are spending their time now; perforce; in verifying 

a few obscure species; and bemoaning themselves; like Alexander; 

that there are no more worlds left to conquer。  For the geologist; 

indeed; and the entomologist; especially in the remoter districts; 

much remains to be done; but only at a heavy outlay of time; 

labour; and study; and the dilettante (and it is for dilettanti; 

like myself; that I principally write) must be content to tread in 

the tracks of greater men who have preceded him; and accept at 

second or third hand their foregone conclusions。



But this is most unsatisfactory; for in giving up discovery; one 

gives up one of the highest enjoyments of Natural History。  There 

is a mysterious delight in the discovery of a new species; akin to 

that of seeing for the first time; in their native haunts; plants 

or animals of which one has till then only read。  Some; surely; who 

read these pages have experienced that latter delight; and; though 

they might find it hard to define whence the pleasure arose; know 

well that it was a solid pleasure; the memory of which they would 

not give up for hard cash。  Some; surely; can recollect; at their 

first sight of the Alpine Soldanella; the Rhododendron; or the 

black Orchis; growing upon the edge of the eternal snow; a thrill 

of emotion not unmixed with awe; a sense that they were; as it 

were; brought face to face with the creatures of another world; 

that Nature was independent of them; not merely they of her; that 

trees were not merely made to build their houses; or herbs to feed 

their cattle; as they looked on those wild gardens amid the wreaths 

of the untrodden snow; which had lifted their gay flowers to the 

sun year after year since the foundation of the world; taking no 

heed of man; and all the coil which he keeps in the valleys far 

below。



And even; to take a simpler instance; there are those who will 

excuse; or even approve of; a writer for saying that; among the 

memories of a month's eventful tour; those which stand out as 

beacon…points; those round which all the others group themselves; 

are the first wolf…track by the road…side in the Kyllwald; the 

first sight of the blue and green Roller…birds; walking behind the 

plough like rooks in the tobacco…fields of Wittlich; the first ball 

of Olivine scraped out of the volcanic slag…heaps of the Dreisser…

Weiher; the first pair of the Lesser Bustard flushed upon the downs 

of the Mosel…kopf; the first sight of the cloud of white Ephemerae; 

fluttering in the dusk like a summer snowstorm between us and the 

black cliffs of the Rheinstein; while the broad Rhine beneath 

flashed blood…red in the blaze of the lightning and the fires of 

the Mausenthurm … a lurid Acheron above which seemed to hover ten 

thousand unburied ghosts; and last; but not least; on the lip of 

the vast Mosel…kopf crater … just above the point where the weight 

of the fiery lake has burst the side of the great slag…cup; and 

rushed forth between two cliffs of clink…stone across the downs; in 

a clanging stream of fire; damming up rivulets; and blasting its 

path through forests; far away toward the valley of the Moselle … 

the sight of an object for which was forgotten for the moment that 

battle…field of the Titans at our feet; and the glorious panorama; 

Hundsruck and Taunus; Siebengebirge and Ardennes; and all the 

crater peaks around; and which was … smile not; reader … our first 

yellow foxglove。



But what is even this to the delight of finding a new species? … of 

rescuing (as it seems to you) one more thought of the Divine mind 

from Hela; and the realms of the unknown; unclassified; 

uncomprehended?  As it seems to you:  though in reality it only 

seems so; in a world wherein not a sparrow falls to the ground 

unnoticed by our Father who is in heaven。



The truth is; the pleasure of finding new species is too great; it 

is morally dangerous; for it brings with it the temptation to look 

on the thing found as your own possession; all but your own 

creation; to pride yourself on it; as if God had not known it for 

ages since; even to squabble jealously for the right of having it 

named after you; and of being recorded in the Transactions of I…

know…not…what Society as its first discoverer:… as if all the 

angels in heaven had not been admiring it; long before you were 

born or thought of。



But to be forewarned is to be forearmed; and I seriously counsel 

you to try if you cannot find something new this summer along the 

coast to which you are going。  There is no reason why you should 

not be so successful as a friend of mine who; with a very slight 

smattering of science; and very desultory research; obtained in one 

winter from the Torbay shores three entirely new species; beside 

several rare animals which had escaped all naturalists since the 

lynx…eye of Colonel Montagu discerned them forty years ago。



And do not despise the creatures because they are minute。  No doubt 

we should most of us prefer discovering monstrous apes in the 

tropical forests of Borneo; or stumbling upon herds of gigantic 

Ammon sheep amid the rhododendron thickets of the Himalaya:  but it 

cannot be; and 〃he is a fool;〃 says old Hesiod; 〃who knows not how 

much better half is than the whole。〃  Let us be content with what 

is within our reach。  And doubt not that in these tiny creatures 

are mysteries more than we shall ever fathom。



The zoophytes and microscopic animalcules which people every shore 

and every drop of water; have been now raised to a rank in the 

human mind more important; perhaps; than even those gigantic 

monsters whose models fill the lake at the Crystal Palace。  The 

research which has been bestowed; for the last century; upon these 

once unnoticed atomies has well repaid itself; for from no branch 

of physical science has more been learnt of the SCIENTIA 

SCIENTIARUM; the priceless art of learning; no branch of science 

has more utterly confounded a wisdom of the wise; shattered to 

pieces systems and theories; and the idolatry of arbitrary names; 

and taught man to be silent while his Maker speaks; than this 

apparent pedantry of zoophytology; in which our old distinctions of 

〃animal;〃 〃vegetable;〃 and 〃mineral〃 are trembling in the balance; 

seemingly ready to vanish like their fellows … 〃the four elements〃 

of fire; earth; air; and water。  No branch of science has helped so 

much to sweep away that sensuous idolatry of mere size; which 

tempts man to admire and respect objects in proportion to the 

number of feet or inches which they occupy in space。  No branch of 

science; moreover; has been more humbling to the boasted rapidity 


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