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the cool of the day。〃



One sight more; and we have done。  I had something to say; had time 

permitted; on the ludicrous element which appears here and there in 

nature。  There are animals; like monkeys and crabs; which seem made 

to be laughed at; by those at least who possess that most 

indefinable of faculties; the sense of the ridiculous。  As long as 

man possesses muscles especially formed to enable him to laugh; we 

have no right to suppose (with some) that laughter is an accident 

of our fallen nature; or to find (with others) the primary cause of 

the ridiculous in the perception of unfitness or disharmony。  And 

yet we shrink (whether rightly or wrongly; we can hardly tell) from 

attributing a sense of the ludicrous to the Creator of these forms。  

It may be a weakness on my part; at least I will hope it is a 

reverent one:  but till we can find something corresponding to what 

we conceive of the Divine Mind in any class of phenomena; it is 

perhaps better not to talk about them at all; but observe a stoic 

〃epoche;〃 waiting for more light; and yet confessing that our own 

laughter is uncontrollable; and therefore we hope not unworthy of 

us; at many a strange creature and strange doing which we meet; 

from the highest ape to the lowest polype。



But; in the meanwhile; there are animals in which results so 

strange; fantastic; even seemingly horrible; are produced; that 

fallen man may be pardoned; if he shrinks from them in disgust。  

That; at least; must be a consequence of our own wrong state; for 

everything is beautiful and perfect in its place。  It may be 

answered; 〃Yes; in its place; but its place is not yours。  You had 

no business to look at it; and must pay the penalty for 

intermeddling。〃  I doubt that answer; for surely; if man have 

liberty to do anything; he has liberty to search out freely his 

heavenly Father's works; and yet every one seems to have his 

antipathic animal; and I know one bred from his childhood to 

zoology by land and sea; and bold in asserting; and honest in 

feeling; that all without exception is beautiful; who yet cannot; 

after handling and petting and admiring all day long every uncouth 

and venomous beast; avoid a paroxysm of horror at the sight of the 

common house…spider。  At all events; whether we were intruding or 

not; in turning this stone; we must pay a fine for having done so; 

for there lies an animal as foul and monstrous to the eye as 

〃hydra; gorgon; or chimaera dire;〃 and yet so wondrously fitted to 

its work; that we must needs endure for our own instruction to 

handle and to look at it。  Its name; if you wish for it; is 

Nemertes; probably N。 Borlasii; (18) a worm of very 〃low〃 

organization; though well fitted enough for its own work。  You see 

it?  That black; shiny; knotted lump among the gravel; small enough 

to be taken up in a dessert spoon。  Look now; as it is raised and 

its coils drawn out。  Three feet … six … nine; at least:  with a 

capability of seemingly endless expansion; a slimy tape of living 

caoutchouc; some eighth of an inch in diameter; a dark chocolate…

black; with paler longitudinal lines。  Is it alive?  It hangs; 

helpless and motionless; a mere velvet string across the hand。  Ask 

the neighbouring Annelids and the fry of the rock fishes; or put it 

into a vase at home; and see。  It lies motionless; trailing itself 

among the gravel; you cannot tell where it begins or ends; it may 

be a dead strip of sea…weed; Himanthalia lorea; perhaps; or Chorda 

filum; or even a tarred string。  So thinks the little fish who 

plays over and over it; till he touches at last what is too surely 

a head。  In an instant a bell…shaped sucker mouth has fastened to 

his side。  In another instant; from one lip; a concave double 

proboscis; just like a tapir's (another instance of the repetition 

of forms); has clasped him like a finger; and now begins the 

struggle:  but in vain。  He is being 〃played〃 with such a fishing…

line as the skill of a Wilson or a Stoddart never could invent; a 

living line; with elasticity beyond that of the most delicate fly…

rod; which follows every lunge; shortening and lengthening; 

slipping and twining round every piece of gravel and stem of sea…

weed; with a tiring drag such as no Highland wrist or step could 

ever bring to bear on salmon or on trout。  The victim is tired now; 

and slowly; and yet dexterously; his blind assailant is feeling and 

shifting along his side; till he reaches one end of him; and then 

the black lips expand; and slowly and surely the curved finger 

begins packing him end…foremost down into the gullet; where he 

sinks; inch by inch; till the swelling which marks his place is 

lost among the coils; and he is probably macerated to a pulp long 

before he has reached the opposite extremity of his cave of doom。  

Once safe down; the black murderer slowly contracts again into a 

knotted heap; and lies; like a boa with a stag inside him; 

motionless and blest。 (19)



There; we must come away now; for the tide is over our ankles; but 

touch; before you go; one of those little red mouths which peep out 

of the stone。  A tiny jet of water shoots up almost into your face。



The bivalve (20) who has burrowed into the limestone knot (the 

softest part of the stone to his jaws; though the hardest to your 

chisel) is scandalized at having the soft mouths of his siphons so 

rudely touched; and taking your finger for some bothering Annelid; 

who wants to nibble him; is defending himself; shooting you; as 

naturalists do humming…birds; with water。  Let him rest in peace; 

it will cost you ten minutes' hard work; and much dirt; to extract 

him; but if you are fond of shells; secure one or two of those 

beautiful pink and straw…coloured scallops (Hinnites pusio; Plate 

X。 fig。 1); who have gradually incorporated the layers of their 

lower valve with the roughnesses of the stone; destroying thereby 

the beautiful form which belongs to their race; but not their 

delicate colour。  There are a few more bivalves too; adhering to 

the stone; and those rare ones; and two or three delicate Mangeliae 

and Nassae (21) are trailing their graceful spires up and down in 

search of food。  That little bright red and yellow pea; too; touch 

it … the brilliant coloured cloak is withdrawn; and; instead; you 

have a beautiful ribbed pink cowry; (22) our only European 

representative of that grand tropical family。  Cast one wondering 

glance; too; at the forest of zoophytes and corals; Lepraliae and 

Flustrae; and those quaint blue stars; set in brown jelly; which 

are no zoophytes; but respectable molluscs; each with his well…

formed mouth and intestines; (23) but combined in a peculiar form 

of Communism; of which all one can say is; that one hopes they like 

it; and that; at all events; they agree better than the heroes and 

heroines of Mr。 Hawthorne's 〃Blithedale Romance。〃



Now away; and as a specimen of the fertility of the water…world; 

look at this rough list of species; (24) the greater part of which 

are on this very stone; and all of which you might obtain in an 

hour; would the rude tide wait for zoologists:  and remember that 

the number of individuals of each species of polype must be counted 

by tens of thousands; and also; that; by searching the forest of 

sea…weeds which covers the upper surface; we should probably obtain 

some twenty minute species more。



A goodly catalogue this; surely; of the inhabitants of three or 

four large stones; and yet how small a specimen of the 

multitudinous nations of the sea!



From the bare rocks above high…water mark; down to abysses deeper 

than ever plummet sounded; is life; everywhere life; fauna after 

fauna; and flora after flora; arranged in zones; according to the 

amount of light and warmth which each species requires; and to the 

amount of pressure which they are able to endure。  The crevices of 

the highest rocks; only sprinkled with salt spray in spring…tides 

and high gales; have their peculiar little univalves; their crisp 

lichen…like sea…weed; in myriads; lower down; the region of the 

Fuci (bladder…weeds) has its own tribes of periwinkles and limpets; 

below again; about the neap…tide mark; the region of the corallines 

and Algae furnishes food for yet other species who graze on its 

watery meadows; and beneath all; only uncovered at low spring…tide; 

the zone of the Laminariae (the great tangles and ore…weeds) is 

most full of all of every imaginable form of life。  So that as we 

descend the rocks; we may compare ourselves (likening small things 

to great) to those who; descending the Andes; pass in a single day 

from the vegetation of the Arctic zone to that of the Tropics。  And 

here and there; even at half…tide level; deep rock…basins; shaded 

from the sun and always full of water; keep up in a higher zone the 

vegetation of a lower one; and afford in nature an analogy to

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