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第14节

glaucus-第14节

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(who find everything; and will at last certainly catch Midgard; the 

great sea…serpent; as Thor did; by baiting for him with a bull's 

head); have dredged them in great numbers; the former; at Helford 

in Cornwall; the latter on the west coast of Scotland。  It seems; 

however; to be a southern monster; probably a remnant; like the 

great cockle; of the Mediterranean fauna; for Mr。 MacAndrew finds 

them plentifully in Vigo Bay; and J。 M乴ler in the Adriatic; off 

Trieste。



But what is it like?  Conceive a very fat short earth…worm; not 

ringed; though; like the earth…worm; but smooth and glossy; dappled 

with darker spots; especially on one side; which may be the upper 

one。  Put round its mouth twelve little arms; on each a hand with 

four ragged fingers; and on the back of the hand a stump of a 

thumb; and you have Synapta Digitata (Plates IV。 and V。; from my 

drawings of the live animal)。  These hands it puts down to its 

mouth; generally in alternate pairs; but how it obtains its food by 

them is yet a mystery; for its intestines are filled; like an 

earth…worm's; with the mud in which it lives; and from which it 

probably extracts (as does the earth…worm) all organic matters。



You will find it stick to your fingers by the whole skin; causing; 

if your hand be delicate; a tingling sensation; and if you examine 

the skin under the microscope; you will find the cause。  The whole 

skin is studded with minute glass anchors; some hanging freely from 

the surface; but most imbedded in the skin。  Each of these anchors 

is jointed at its root into one end of a curious cribriform plate; 

… in plain English; one pierced like a sieve; which lies under the 

skin; and reminds one of the similar plates in the skin of the 

White Cucumaria; which I will show you presently; and both of these 

we must regard as the first rudiments of an Echinoderm's outside 

skeleton; such as in the Sea…urchins covers the whole body of the 

animal。  (See on Echinus Millaris; p。 89。) (7)  Somewhat similar 

anchor…plates; from a Red Sea species; Synapta Vittata; may be seen 

in any collection of microscopic objects。



The animal; when caught; has a strange habit of self…destruction; 

contracting its skin at two or three different points; and writhing 

till it snaps itself into 〃junks;〃 as the sailors would say; and 

then dies。  My specimens; on breaking up; threw out from the 

wounded part long 〃ovarian filaments〃 (whatsoever those may be); 

similar to those thrown out by many of the Sagartian anemones; 

especially S。 parasitica。  Beyond this; I can tell you nothing 

about Synapta; and only ask you to consider its hands; as an 

instance of that fantastic play of Nature which repeats; in 

families widely different; organs of similar form; though perhaps 

of by no means similar use; nay; sometimes (as in those beautiful 

clear…wing hawk…moths which you; as they hover round the 

rhododendrons; mistake for bumble…bees) repeats the outward form of 

a whole animal; for no conceivable reason save her … shall we not 

say honestly His? … own good pleasure。



But here we are at the old bank of boulders; the ruins of an 

antique pier which the monks of Tor Abbey built for their 

convenience; while Torquay was but a knot of fishing huts within a 

lonely limestone cove。  To get to it; though; we have passed many a 

hidden treasure; for every ledge of these flat New…red…sandstone 

rocks; if torn up with the crowbar; discloses in its cracks and 

crannies nests of strange forms which shun the light of day; 

beautiful Actiniae fill the tiny caverns with living flowers; great 

Pholades (Plate X。 figs。 3; 4) bore by hundreds in the softer 

strata; and wherever a thin layer of muddy sand intervenes between 

two slabs; long Annelid worms of quaintest forms and colours have 

their horizontal burrows; among those of that curious and rare 

radiate animal; the Spoonworm; (8) an eyeless bag about an inch 

long; half bluish grey; half pink; with a strange scalloped and 

wrinkled proboscis of saffron colour; which serves; in some 

mysterious way; soft as it is; to collect food; and clear its dark 

passage through the rock。



See; at the extreme low…water mark; where the broad olive fronds of 

the Laminariae; like fan…palms; droop and wave gracefully in the 

retiring ripples; a great boulder which will serve our purpose。  

Its upper side is a whole forest of sea…weeds; large and small; and 

that forest; if you examined it closely; as full of inhabitants as 

those of the Amazon or the Gambia。  To 〃beat〃 that dense cover 

would be an endless task:  but on the under side; where no sea…

weeds grow; we shall find full in view enough to occupy us till the 

tide returns。  For the slab; see; is such a one as sea…beasts love 

to haunt。  Its weed…covered surface shows that the surge has not 

shifted it for years past。  It lies on other boulders clear of sand 

and mud; so that there is no fear of dead sea…weed having lodged 

and decayed under it; destructive to animal life。  We can see dark 

crannies and caves beneath; yet too narrow to allow the surge to 

wash in; and keep the surface clean。  It will be a fine menagerie 

of Nereus; if we can but turn it。



Now the crowbar is well under it; heave; and with a will; and so; 

after five minutes' tugging; propping; slipping; and splashing; the 

boulder gradually tips over; and we rush greedily upon the spoil。



A muddy dripping surface it is; truly; full of cracks and hollows; 

uninviting enough at first sight:  let us look it round leisurely; 

to see if there are not materials enough there for an hour's 

lecture。



The first object which strikes the eye is probably a group of milk…

white slugs; from two to six inches long; cuddling snugly together 

(Plate IX。 fig。 1)。  You try to pull them off; and find that they 

give you some trouble; such a firm hold have the delicate white 

sucking arms; which fringe each of their five edges。  You see at 

the head nothing but a yellow dimple; for eating and breathing are 

suspended till the return of tide; but once settled in a jar of 

salt…water; each will protrude a large chocolate…coloured head; 

tipped with a ring of ten feathery gills; looking very much like a 

head of 〃curled kale;〃 but of the loveliest white and primrose; in 

the centre whereof lies perdu a mouth with sturdy teeth … if indeed 

they; as well as the whole inside of the beast; have not been 

lately got rid of; and what you see be not a mere bag; without 

intestine or other organ:  but only for the time being。  For hear 

it; worn…out epicures; and old Indians who bemoan your livers; this 

little Holothuria knows a secret which; if he could tell it; you 

would be glad to buy of him for thousands sterling。  To him blue 

pill and muriatic acid are superfluous; and travels to German 

Brunnen a waste of time。  Happy Holothuria! who possesses really 

the secret of everlasting youth; which ancient fable bestowed on 

the serpent and the eagle。  For when his teeth ache; or his 

digestive organs trouble him; all he has to do is just to cast up 

forthwith his entire inside; and; faisant maigre for a month or so; 

grow a fresh set; and then eat away as merrily as ever。  His name; 

if you wish to consult so triumphant a hygeist; is Cucumaria 

Pentactes:  but he has many a stout cousin round the Scotch coast; 

who knows the antibilious panacea as well as he; and submits; among 

the northern fishermen; to the rather rude and undeserved name of 

sea…puddings; one of which grows in Shetland to the enormous length 

of three feet; rivalling there his huge congeners; who display 

their exquisite plumes on every tropic coral reef。  (9)



Next; what are those bright little buds; like salmon…coloured 

Banksia roses half expanded; sitting closely on the stone?  Touch 

them; the soft part is retracted; and the orange flower of flesh is 

transformed into a pale pink flower of stone。  That is the 

Madrepore; Caryophyllia Smithii (Plate V。 fig。 2); one of our south 

coast rarities:  and see; on the lip of the last one; which we have 

carefully scooped off with the chisel; two little pink towers of 

stone; delicately striated; drop them into this small bottle of 

sea…water; and from the top of each tower issues every half…second 

… what shall we call it? … a hand or a net of finest hairs; 

clutching at something invisible to our grosser sense。  That is the 

Pyrgoma; parasitic only (as far as we know) on the lip of this same 

rare Madrepore; a little 〃cirrhipod;〃 the cousin of those tiny 

barnacles which roughen every rock (a larger sort whereof I showed 

you on the Turritella); and of those larger ones also who burrow in 

the thick hide of the whale; and; borne about upon his mighty 

sides; throw out their tiny casting nets; as this Pyrgoma does; to 

catch every passing animalcule; and sweep them into the jaws 

concealed within its shell。  And this creature; ro

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