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第11节

glaucus-第11节

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an hour。  Look at the Crinoids; or stalked star…fishes; the 〃Lilies 

of living stone;〃 which swarmed in the ancient seas; in vast 

variety; and in such numbers that whole beds of limestone are 

composed of their disjointed fragments; but which have vanished out 

of our modern seas; we know not why; till; a few years since; 

almost the only known living species was the exquisite and rare 

Pentacrinus asteria; from deep water off the Windward Isles of the 

West Indies。



Of this you will see a specimen or two both at Liverpool and in the 

British Museum; and near them; probably; specimens of the new…old 

Crinoids; discovered of late years by Professor Sars; Mr。 Gwyn 

Jeffreys; Dr。 Carpenter; Dr。 Wyville Thomson; and the other deep…

sea disciples of the mythic Glaucus; the fisherman; who; enamoured 

of the wonders of the sea; plunged into the blue abyss once and for 

all; and became himself 〃the blue old man of the sea。〃



Next look at the corals; and Gorgonias; and all the sea…fern tribe 

of branching polypidoms; and last; but not least; at the glass 

sponges; first at the Euplectella; or Venus's flower…basket; which 

lives embedded in the mud of the seas of the Philippines; supported 

by a glass frill 〃standing up round it like an Elizabethan ruff。〃  

Twenty years ago there was but one specimen in Europe:  now you may 

buy one for a pound in any curiosity shop。  I advise you to do so; 

and to keep … as I have seen done … under a glass case; as a 

delight to your eyes; one of the most exquisite; both for form and 

texture; of natural objects。



Then look at the Hyalonemas; or glass…rope ocean floor by a twisted 

wisp of strong flexible flint needles; somewhat on the principle of 

a screw…pile。  So strange and complicated is their structure; that 

naturalists for a long while could literally make neither head nor 

tail of them; as long as they had only Japanese specimens to study; 

some of which the Japanese dealers had; of malice prepense; stuck 

upside down into Pholas…borings in stones。  Which was top and which 

bottom; which the thing itself; and which special parasites growing 

on it; whether it was a sponge; or a zoophyte; or something else; 

at one time even whether it was natural; or artificial and a make…

up; … could not be settled; even till a year or two since。  But the 

discovery of the same; or a similar; species in abundance from the 

Butt of the Lows down to Setubal on the Portuguese coast; where the 

deep…water shark fishers call it 〃sea…whip;〃 has given our savants 

specimens enough to make up their minds … that they really know 

little or nothing about it; and probably will never know。



And do not forget; lastly; to ask; whether at Liverpool or at the 

British Museum; for the Holtenias and their congeners; … hollow 

sponges built up of glassy spicules; and rooted in the mud by glass 

hairs; in some cases between two and three feet long; as flexible 

and graceful as tresses of snow…white silk。



Look at these; and a hundred kindred forms; and then see how nature 

is not only 〃maxima in minimis〃 … greatest in her least; but often 

〃pulcherrima in abditis〃 … fairest in her most hidden works; and 

how the Creative Spirit has lavished; as it were; unspeakable 

artistic skill on lowly…organized creature; never till now beheld 

by man; and buried; not only in foul mud; but in their own 

unsightly heap of living jelly。



But so it was from the beginning; … and this planet was not made 

for man alone。  Countless ages before we appeared on earth the 

depths of the old chalk…ocean teemed with forms as beautiful and 

perfect as those; their lineal descendants; which the dredge now 

brings up from the Atlantic sea…floor; and if there were … as my 

reason tells me that there must have been … final moral causes for 

their existence; the only ones which we have a right to imagine are 

these … that all; down to the lowest Rhizopod; might delight 

themselves; however dimly; in existing; and that the Lord might 

delight Himself in them。



Thus; much … alas! how little … about the wonders of the deep。  We; 

who are no deep…sea dredgers; must return humbly to the wonders of 

the shore。  And first; as after descending the gap in the sea…wall 

we walk along the ribbed floor of hard yellow sand; let me ask you 

to give a sharp look…out for a round grey disc; about as big as a 

penny…piece; peeping out on the surface。  No; that is not it; that 

little lump:  open it; and you will find within one of the common 

little Venus gallina。 … The closet collectors have given it some 

new name now; and no thanks to them:  they are always changing the 

names; instead of studying the live animals where Nature has put 

them; in which case they would have no time for word…inventing。  

Nay; I verify suspect that the names grow; like other things; at 

least; they get longer and longer and more jaw…breaking every year。  

The little bivalve; however; finding itself left by the tide; has 

wisely shut up its siphons; and; by means of its foot and its 

edges; buried itself in a comfortable bath of cool wet sand; till 

the sea shall come back; and make it safe to crawl and lounge about 

on the surface; smoking the sea…water instead of tobacco。  Neither 

is that depression what we seek。  Touch it; and out poke a pair of 

astonished and inquiring horns:  it is a long…armed crab; who saw 

us coming; and wisely shovelled himself into the sand by means of 

his nether…end。  Corystes Cassivelaunus is his name; which he is 

said to have acquired from the marks on his back; which are 

somewhat like a human face。  〃Those long antennae;〃 says my friend; 

Mr。 Lloyd (6) … I have not verified the fact; but believe it; as he 

knows a great deal about crabs; and I know next to nothing … 〃form 

a tube through which a current of water passes into the crab's 

gills; free from the surrounding sand。〃  Moreover; it is only the 

male who has those strangely long fore…arms and claws; the female 

contenting herself with limbs of a more moderate length。  Neither 

is that; though it might be; the hole down which what we seek has 

vanished:  but that burrow contains one of the long white razors 

which you saw cast on shore at Paignton。  The boys close by are 

boring for them with iron rods armed with a screw; and taking them 

in to sell in Torquay market; as excellent food。  But there is one; 

at last … a grey disc pouting up through the sand。  Touch it; and 

it is gone down; quick as light。  We must dig it out; and 

carefully; for it is a delicate monster。  At last; after ten 

minutes' careful work; we have brought up; from a foot depth or 

more … what?  A thick; dirty; slimy worm; without head or tail; 

form or colour。  A slug has more artistic beauty about him。  Be it 

so。  At home in the aquarium (where; alas! he will live but for a 

day or two; under the new irritation of light) he will make a very 

different figure。  That is one of the rarest of British sea…

animals; Peachia hastata (Pl。 XII。 Fig。 1); which differs from most 

other British Actiniae in this; that instead of having like them a 

walking disc; it has a free open lower end; with which (I know not 

how) it buries itself upright in the sand; with its mouth just 

above the surface。  The figure on the left of the plate represents 

a curious cluster of papillae which project from one side of the 

mouth; and are the opening of the oviduct。  But his value consists; 

not merely in his beauty (though that; really; is not small); but 

in his belonging to what the long word…makers call an 

〃interosculant〃 group; … a party of genera and species which 

connect families scientifically far apart; filling up a fresh link 

in the great chain; or rather the great network; of zoological 

classification。  For here we have a simple; and; as it were; crude 

form; of which; if we dared to indulge in reveries; we might say 

that the Creative Mind realized it before either Actiniae or 

Holothurians; and then went on to perfect the idea contained in it 

in two different directions; dividing it into two different 

families; and making on its model; by adding new organs; and taking 

away old ones; in one direction the whole family of Actiniae (sea…

anemones); and in a quite opposite one the Holothuriae; those 

strange sea…cucumbers; with their mouth…fringe of feathery gills; 

of which you shall see some anon。  Thus there has been; in the 

Creative Mind; as it gave life to new species; a development of the 

idea on which older species were created; in order … we may fancy … 

that every mesh of the great net might gradually be supplied; and 

there should be no gaps in the perfect variety of Nature's forms。  

This development is one which we must believe to be at least 

possible; if we allow that a Mind presides over the universe; and 

not a mere brute necessity; a Law (absurd misnomer) without a 

Lawgiver; and to it (strangely enough coincidi

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