heroes of the telegraph-第51节

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。　There　is　a　valuable　communication　　of　his　in　the　Board　of　Trade　Blue　Rook　on　Submarine　Cables。　　In　1868；　he　issued　a　useful　work　on　ELECTRICAL　MEASUREMENTS；　and　in　1871　joined　with　Mr。　Robert　Sabine　in　producing　the　well…known　ELECTRICAL　TABLES　AND　FORMULAE；　a　work　which　was　for　a　long　time　the　electrician's　VADE…MECUM。　　In　1873；　he　communicated　a　lengthy　paper　on　the　NEW　STANDARD　OF　ELECTROMOTIVE　POWER　now　known　as　CLARK'S　STANDARD　CELL；　and　quite　recently　he　published　a　treatise　on　the　USE　OF　THE　TRANSIT　INSTRUMENT。

Mr。　Clark　is　a　Fellow　of　the　Royal　Society　of　London；　as　well　as　a　member　of　the　Institution　of　Civil　Engineers；　the　Royal　Astronomical　Society。　　the　Physical　Society；　etc。；　and　was　elected　fourth　President　of　the　Society　of　Telegraph　Engineers　and　of　Electricians；　now　the　Institution　of　Electrical　Engineers。

He　is　a　great　lover　of　books　and　gardeningtwo　antithetical　hobbies…　…which　are　charming　in　themselves；　and　healthily　counteractive。　　The　rich　and　splendid　library　of　electrical　works　which　he　is　forming；　has　been　munificently　presented　to　the　Institution　of　Electrical　Engineers。



VII。　　COUNT　DU　MONCEL。

Theodose…Achille…Louis；　Comte　du　Moncel；　was　born　at　Paris　on　March　6；　1821。　His　father　was　a　peer　of　France；　one　of　the　old　nobility；　and　a　General　of　Engineers。　　He　possessed　a　model　farm　near　Cherbourg；　and　had　set　his　heart　on　training　his　son　to　carry　on　this　pet　project；　but　young　Du　Moncel；　under　the　combined　influence　of　a　desire　for　travel；　a　love　of　archaeology；　and　a　rare　talent　for　drawing；　went　off　to　Greece；　and　filled　his　portfolio　with　views　of　the　Parthenon　and　many　other　pictures　of　that　classic　region。　　His　father　avenged　himself　by　declining　to　send　him　any　money；　but　the　artist　sold　his　sketches　and　relied　solely　on　his　pencil。　　On　returning　to　Paris　he　　supported　himself　by　his　art；　but　at　the　same　time　gratified　his　taste　for　science　in　a　discursive　manner。　　A　beautiful　and　accomplished　lady　of　the　Court；　Mademoiselle　Camille　Clementine　Adelaide　Bachasson　de　Montalivet；　belonging　to　a　noble　and　distinguished　family；　had　plighted　her　troth　with　him；　and；　as　we　have　been　told；　descended　one　day　from　her　carriage；　and　wedded　the　man　of　her　heart；　in　the　humble　room　of　a　flat　not　far　from　the　Grand　Opera　House。　　They　were　a　devoted　pair；　and　Madame　du　Moncel　played　the　double　part　of　a　faithful　help…meet；　and　inspiring　genius。　　Heart　and　soul　she　encouraged　her　husband　to　distinguish　himself　by　his　talents　and　energy；　and　even　assisted　him　in　his　labours。

About　1852　he　began　to　occupy　himself　almost　exclusively　with　electrical　science。　　His　most　conspicuous　discovery　is　that　pressure　diminishes　the　resistance　of　contact　between　two　conductors；　a　fact　which　Clerac　in　1866　utilised　in　the　construction　of　a　variable　resistance　from　carbon；　such　as　plumbage；　by　compressing　it　with　an　adjustable　screw。　　It　is　also　the　foundation　of　the　carbon　transmitter　of　Edison；　and　the　more　delicate　microphone　of　Professor　Hughes。　　But　Du　Moncel　is　best　known　as　an　author　and　journalist。　　His　'Expose　des　applications　de　l'electricite'　published　in　1856　ET　SEQ。；　and　his　'Traite　pratique　de　Telegraphie；'　not　to　mention　his　later　books　on　recent　marvels；　such　as　the　telephone；　microphone；　phonograph；　and　electric　light；　are　standard　works　of　reference。　　In　the　compilation　of　these　his　admirable　wife　assisted　him　as　a　literary　amanuensis；　for　she　had　acquired　a　considerable　knowledge　of　electricity。

In　1866　he　was　created　an　officer　of　the　Legion　of　Honour；　and　he　became　a　member　of　numerous　learned　societies。　　For　some　time　he　was　an　adviser　of　the　French　telegraph　administration；　but　resigned　the　post　in　1873。　The　following　year　he　was　elected　a　Member　of　the　Academy　of　Sciences；　Paris。　　In　1879；　he　became　editor　of　a　new　electrical　journal　established　at　Paris　under　the　title　of　'La　Lumiere　Electrique；'　and　held　the　position　until　his　death；　which　happened　at　Paris　after　a　few　days'　illness　on　February　16；　1884。　　His　devoted　wife　was　recovering　from　a　long　illness　which　had　caused　her　affectionate　husband　much　anxiety；　and　probably　affected　his　health。　　She　did　not　long　survive　him；　but　died　on　February　4；　1887；　at　Mentone　in　her　fifty…fifth　year。　Count　du　Moncel　was　an　indefatigable　worker；　who；　instead　of　abandoning　himself　to　idleness　and　pleasure　like　many　of　his　order；　believed　it　his　duty　to　be　active　and　useful　in　his　own　day；　as　his　ancestors　had　been　in　the　past。



VIII。　　　ELISHA　GRAY。

THIS　distinguished　American　electrician　was　born　at　Barnesville　in　Belmont　county；　Ohio；　on　August　2；　1835。　　His　family　were　Quakers；　and　in　early　life　he　was　apprenticed　to　a　carpenter；　but　showed　a　taste　for　chemistry；　and　at　the　age　of　twenty…one　he　went　to　Oberlin　College；　where　he　studied　for　five　years。　　At　the　age　of　thirty　he　turned　his　attention　to　electricity；　and　invented　a　relay　which　adapted　itself　to　the　varying　insulation　of　the　telegraph　line。　　He　was　then　led　to　devise　several　forms　of　automatic　repeaters；　but　they　are　not　much　employed。　In　1870…2；　he　brought　out　a　needle　annunciator　for　hotels；　and　another　for　elevators；　which　had　a　large　sale。　　His　'Private　Telegraph　Line　Printer'　was　also　a　success。　　From　1873…5　he　was　engaged　in　perfecting　his　'Electro…harmonic　telegraph。'　　His　speaking　telegraph　was　likewise　the　outcome　of　these　researches。　　The　'Telautograph；'　or　telegraph　which　writes　the　messages　as　a　fac…simile　of　the　sender's　penmanship　by　an　ingenious　application　of　intermittent　currents；　is　the　latest　of　his　more　important　works。　　Mr。　Gray　is　a　member　of　the　firm　of　Messrs。　Gray　and　Barton；　and　electrician　to　the　Western　Electric　Manufacturing　Company　of　Chicago。　　His　home　is　at　Highland　Park　near　that　city。





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