the symposium-第7节

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＇48＇　Zeune；　cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　VIII。　iii。　35…50。

Charmides　responded：　On　all　hands　it　is　admitted；　I　believe；　that　confidence　is　better　than　alarm；　better　to　be　a　freeman　than　a　slave；　better　to　be　worshipped　than　pay　court　to　others；　better　to　be　trusted　than　to　be　suspected　by　one's　country。

Well　now；　I　will　tell　you　how　it　fared　with　me　in　this　same　city　when　I　was　wealthy。　First；　I　lived　in　daily　terror　lest　some　burglar　should　break　into　my　house　and　steal　my　goods　and　do　myself　some　injury。　I　cringed　before　informers。＇49＇　I　was　obliged　to　pay　these　people　court；　because　I　knew　that　I　could　injure　them　far　less　than　they　could　injure　me。　Never…ending　the　claims　upon　my　pocket　which　the　state　enforced　upon　me；　and　as　to　setting　foot　abroad；　that　was　beyond　the　range　of　possibility。　But　now　that　I　have　lost　my　property　across　the　frontier；＇50＇　and　derive　no　income　from　my　lands　in　Attica　itself；　now　that　my　very　household　goods　have　been　sold　up；　I　stretch　my　legs　at　ease；　I　get　a　good　night's　rest。　The　distrust　of　my　fellow…citizens　has　vanished；　instead　of　trembling　at　threats；　it　is　now　my　turn　to　threaten；　at　last　I　feel　myself　a　freeman；　with　liberty　to　go　abroad　or　stay　at　home　as　suits　my　fancy。　The　tables　now　are　turned。　It　is　the　rich　who　rise　to　give　me　their　seats；　who　stand　aside　and　make　way　for　me　as　I　meet　them　in　the　streets。　To…day　I　am　like　a　despot；　yesterday　I　was　literally　a　slave；　formerly　it　was　I　who　had　to　pay　my　tribute＇51＇　to　the　sovereign　people；　now　it　is　I　who　am　supported　by　the　state　by　means　of　general　taxation。＇52＇

＇49＇　〃And　police　agents。〃

＇50＇　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　II。　viii。　1。

＇51＇　｛phoros｝；　tributum。　Al。　〃property…tax。〃　Cf。　〃Econ。〃　ii。　6。

＇52＇　｛telos｝；　vectigal。　Sturz；　〃Lex。　Xen。〃　s。v。　Cf。　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　i。　3。

And　there　is　another　thing。　So　long　as　I　was　rich；　they　threw　in　my　teeth　as　a　reproach　that　I　was　friends　with　Socrates；　but　now　that　I　am　become　a　beggar　no　one　troubles　his　head　two　straws　about　the　matter。　Once　more；　the　while　I　rolled　in　plenty　I　had　everything　to　lose；　and；　as　a　rule；　I　lost　it；　what　the　state　did　not　exact；　some　mischance　stole　from　me。　But　now　that　is　over。　I　lose　nothing；　having　nought　to　lose；　but；　on　the　contrary；　I　have　everything　to　gain；　and　live　in　hope　of　some　day　getting　something。＇53＇

＇53＇　〃I　feed　on　the　pleasures　of　hope；　and　fortune　in　the　future。〃

Call。　And　so；　of　course；　your　one　prayer　is　that　you　may　never　more　be　rich；　and　if　you　are　visited　by　a　dream　of　luck　your　one　thought　is　to　offer　sacrifice　to　Heaven　to　avert　misfortune。＇54＇

＇54＇　Or；　〃you　wake　up　in　a　fright；　and　offer　sacrifice　to　the　　　　　'Averters。'〃　For　｛tois　apotropaiois｝　see　Aristoph。　〃Plutus；〃　359；　　　　　Plat。　〃Laws；〃　854　B；　〃Hell。〃　III。　iii。　4。

Char。　No；　that　I　do　not。　On　the　contrary；　I　run　my　head　into　each　danger　most　adventurously。　I　endure；　if　haply　I　may　see　a　chance　of　getting　something　from　some　quarter　of　the　sky　some　day。

Come　now　（Socrates　exclaimed）；　it　lies　with　you；　sir；　you；　Antisthenes；　to　explain　to　us；　how　it　is　that　you；　with　means　so　scanty；　make　so　loud　a　boast　of　wealth。

Because　（he　answered）　I　hold　to　the　belief；　sirs；　that　wealth　and　poverty　do　not　lie　in　a　man's　estate；　but　in　men's　souls。　Even　in　private　life　how　many　scores　of　people　have　I　seen；　who；　although　they　roll　in　wealth；　yet　deem　themselves　so　poor；　there　is　nothing　they　will　shrink　from；　neither　toil　nor　danger；　in　order　to　add　a　little　to　their　store。＇55＇　I　have　known　two　brothers；＇56＇　heirs　to　equal　fortunes；　one　of　whom　has　enough；　more　than　enough；　to　cover　his　expenditure；　the　other　is　in　absolute　indigence。　And　so　to　monarchs；　there　are　not　a　few；　I　perceive；　so　ravenous　of　wealth　that　they　will　outdo　the　veriest　vagrants　in　atrocity。　Want＇57＇　prompts　a　thousand　crimes；　you　must　admit。　Why　do　men　steal？　why　break　burglariously　into　houses？　why　hale　men　and　women　captive　and　make　slaves　of　them？　Is　it　not　from　want？　Nay；　there　are　monarchs　who　at　one　fell　swoop　destroy　whole　houses；　make　wholesale　massacre；　and　oftentimes　reduce　entire　states　to　slavery；　and　all　for　the　sake　of　wealth。　These　I　must　needs　pity　for　the　cruel　malady　which　plagues　them。　Their　condition；　to　my　mind；　resembles　that　poor　creature's　who；　in　spite　of　all　he　has＇58＇　and　all　he　eats；　can　never　stay　the　wolf　that　gnaws　his　vitals。

＇55＇　Cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　VIII。　ii。　21；　Hor。　〃Epist。〃　i。　2。　26；　〃semper　avarus　　　　　eget。〃

＇56＇　Is　Antisthenes　thinking　of　Callias　and　Hermogenes？　（presuming　　　　　these　are　sons　of　Hipponicus　and　brothers）。　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　II。　x。　3。

＇57＇　Or；　〃'Tis　want　that　does　it。〃　See　〃Pol。　Ath。〃　i。　5；　〃Rev；〃　i。　1。

＇58＇　Reading　｛ekhon｝；　or　if　｛pinon｝；　transl。　〃who　eats　and　drinks；　but　　　　　never　sates　himself。〃

But　as　to　me；　my　riches　are　so　plentiful　I　cannot　lay　my　hands　on　them　myself；＇59＇　yet　for　all　that　I　have　enough　to　eat　till　my　hunger　is　stayed；　to　drink　till　my　thirst　is　sated；＇60＇　to　clothe　myself　withal；　and　out　of　doors　not　Callias　there；　with　all　his　riches；　is　more　safe　than　I　from　shivering；　and　when　I　find　myself　indoors；　what　warmer　shirting＇61＇　do　I　need　than　my　bare　walls？　what　ampler　greatcoat　than　the　tiles　above　my　head？　these　seem　to　suit　me　well　enough；　and　as　to　bedclothes；　I　am　not　so　ill　supplied　but　it　is　a　business　to　arouse　me　in　the　morning。

＇59＇　〃That　I　can　scarce　discover　any　portion　of　it。〃　Zeune　cf。　〃Econ。〃　　　　　viii。　2。

＇60＇　So　〃the　master〃　himself。　See　〃Mem。〃　I。　ii。　1；　vi。　5。

＇61＇　Cf。　Aristot。　〃Pol。〃　ii。　8。　1；　of　Hippodamus。

And　as　to　sexual　desire；　my　body's　need　is　satisfied　by　what　comes　first　to　hand。　Indeed；　there　is　no　lack　of　warmth　in　the　caress　which　greets　me；　just　because　it　is　unsought　by　others。＇62＇

＇62＇　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　I。　iii。　14；　the　germ　of　cynicism　and　stoicism；　the　　　　　Socratic　｛XS｝　form　of　〃better　to　marry　than　to　burn。〃

Well　then；　these　several　pleasures　I　enjoy　so　fully　that　I　am　much　more　apt　to　pray　for　less　than　more　of　them；　so　strongly　do　I　feel　that　some　of　them　are　sweeter　than　what　is　good　for　one　or　profitable。

But　of　all　the　precious　things　in　my　possession；　I　reckon　this　the　choicest；　that　were　I　robbed　of　my　whole　present　stock；　there　is　no　work　so　mean；　but　it　would　amply　serve　me　to　furnish　me　with　sustenance。　Why；　look　you；　whenever　I　desire　to　fare　delicately；　I　have　not　to　purchase　precious　viands　in　the　market；　which　becomes　expensive；　but　I　open　the　storehouse　of　my　soul；　and　dole　them　out。＇63＇　Indeed；　as　far　as　pleasure　goes；　I　find　it　better　to　await　desire　before　I　suffer　meat　or　drink　to　pass　my　lips；　than　to　have　recourse　to　any　of　your　costly　viands；　as；　for　instance；　now；　when　I　have　chanced　on　this　fine　Thasian　wine；＇64＇　and　sip　it　without　thirst。　But　indeed；　the　man　who　makes　frugality；　not　wealth　of　worldly　goods；　his　aim；　is　on　the　face　of　it　a　much　more　upright　person。　And　why？　the　man　who　is　content　with　what　he　has　will　least　of　all　be　prone　to　clutch　at　what　is　his　neighbour's。

＇63＇　Or；　〃turn　to　the　storehouse　of　a　healthy　appetite。〃　See　〃Apol。〃　　　　　18；　the　same　sentiment　〃ex　ore　Socratis。〃

＇64＇　See　Athen。　〃Deipnos。〃　i。　28。

And　here's　a　point　worth　noting。　Wealth　of　my　sort　will　make　you　liberal　of　soul。　Look　at　Socrates；　from　him　it　was　I　got　these　riches。　He　did　not　supply　me　with　it　by　weight　or　by　measure；　but　just　as　much　as　I　could　carry；　he　with　bounteous　hand　consigned　to　me。　And　I；　too；　grudge　it　to　no　man　now。　To　all　my　friends　without　distinction　I　am　ready　to　display　my　opulence：　come　one；　come　all；　and　whosoever　likes　to　take　a　share　is　welcome　to　the　wealth　that　lies　within　my　soul。　Yes；　and　moreover；　that　most　luxurious　of　possessions；＇65＇　unbroken　leisure；　you　can　see；　is　mine；　which　leaves　me　free　to　contemplate　things　worthy　of　contemplation；＇66＇　and　to　drink　in　with　my　ears　all　charming　sounds。　And　what　I　value　most；　freedom　to　spend　whole　days　in　pure　scholastic　intercourse＇67＇　with　Socrates；　to　whom　I　am　devoted。＇68＇　And　he；　on　his　side；　is　not　the　person　to　admire　those　whose　tale　of　gold　and　silver　happens　to　be　the　largest；　but　those　who　are　well…pleasing　to　him　he　chooses　for　companions；　and　will　consort　with　to　the　end。

＇65＇　See　Eur。　〃Ion；〃　601。　Lit。　〃at　every　moment　I　command　it。〃

＇66＇　〃To　gaze　upon　all　fairest　shows　（like　a　spectator　in　the　　　　　theatre）；　and　to　drink　in　sounds　most　delectable。〃　So　Walt　　　　　Whitman。

＇67＇　Aristot。　〃Rhet。〃　ii。　4。　12；　〃Eth。　N。〃　ix。　4。　9。

＇68＇　See　〃Mem。〃　III。　xi。　17。

With　these　words　the　speaker　ended；　and　Callias　exclaimed：

By　Hera；　I　envy　you　your　wealth；　Antisthenes；　firstly；　because　the　state　does　not　lay　burthens　on　you　and　treat　you　like　a　slave；　and　secondly；　people　do　not　fall　into　a　rage　with　you　when　you　refuse　to　be　their　creditor。

You　may　stay　your　envy　（interposed　Niceratus）；　I　shall　presently　present　myself　to　borrow　of　him　this　same　key　of　his　to　independence。＇69＇　Trained　as　I　am　to　cast　up　figures　by　my　master　Homer

　　　　Seven　tripods；　which　ne'er　felt　the　fire；　and　of　gold　ten　talents　　　　　And　burnished　braziers　twenty；　and　horses　twelve＇70＇

by　weight　and　measure　duly　reckoned；＇71＇　I　cannot　stay　my　craving　for　enormous　wealth。　And　that's　the　reason　certain　people；　I　daresay；　imagine　I　am　inordinately　fond　of　riches。

＇69＇　Or；　〃his　want…for…nothing；〃　or；　〃supply…all。〃

＇70＇　Ni