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in their due season〃 (Num。 xxviii。 2)。



(7) In 2 Samuel xv。 27 David says to Zadok the priest; 〃Art thou

not a seer?〃 and Gad is called David's seer。



(8) This would at first appear to be inconsistent with the use

of the word 〃prophetess〃 for Deborah。 But it does not follow

because the writer of Judges applies the name to Deborah that it

was used in her day。



(9) Samuel tells the cook; 〃Bring the potion which I gave thee;

of which I said to thee; Set it by thee。〃 It was therefore

Samuel's to give。 〃And the cook took up the thigh (or shoulder)

and that which was upon it and set it before Saul。〃 But; in the

Levitical regulations; it is the thigh (or shoulder) which

becomes the priest's own property。 〃And the right thigh (or

shoulder) shall ye give unto the priest for an heave…offering;〃

which is given along with the wave breast 〃unto Aaron the priest

and unto his sons as a due for ever from the children of Israel〃

(Lev。 vii。 31…34)。 Reuss writes on this passage: 〃La cuisse

n'est point agitee; mais simplement prelevee sur ce que

les convives mangeront。〃



(10) See; for example; Elkanah's sacrifice; 1 Sam。 i。 3…9。



(11) The ghost was not supposed to be capable of devouring the

gross material substance of the offering; but his vaporous body

appropriated the smoke of the burnt sacrifice; the visible and

odorous exhalations of other offerings。 The blood of the victim

was particularly useful because it was thought to be the special

seat of its soul or life。 A West African negro replied to an

European sceptic: 〃Of course; the spirit cannot eat corporeal

food; but he extracts its spiritual part; and; as we see; leaves

the material part behind〃 (Lippert; Seelencult; p。 16)。



(12) It is further well worth consideration whether indications

of former ancestor…worship are not to be found in the singular

weight attached to the veneration of parents in the fourth

commandment。 It is the only positive commandment; in addition to

those respecting the Deity and that concerning the Sabbath; and

the penalties for infringing it were of the same character。

In China; a corresponding reverence for parents is part and

parcel of ancestor…worship; so in ancient Rome and in Greece

(where parents were even called 'secondary and earthly')。 The

fifth commandment; as it stands; would be an excellent

compromise between ancestor…worship and monotheism。 The larger

hereditary share allotted by Israelitic law to the eldest son

reminds one of the privileges attached to primogeniture in

ancient Rome; which were closely connected with ancestor…

worship。 There is a good deal to be said in favour of the

speculation that the ark of the covenant may have been a relic

of ancestor…worship; but that topic is too large to be dealt

with incidentally in this place



(13) 〃The Scientific Aspects of Positivism;〃 Fortnightly

Review; 1869; republished in Lay Sermons。



(14) OEuvres de Bossuet; ed。 1808; t。 xxxv。 p。 282。



(15) I should like further to add the expression of my

indebtedness to two works by Herr Julius Lippert; Der

Seelencult in seinen Beziehungen zur alt…hebraischen

Religion and Die Religionen der europaischen

Culturvolker; both pubished in 1881。 I have found them full

of valuable suggestions。



(16) See among others the remarkable work of Fustel de

Coulanges; La Cite antique; in which the social

importance of the old Roman ancestor…worship is brought out with

great clearness。



(17) Supposed to be 〃the finer or more aeriform part of the

body;〃 standing in 〃the same relation to the body as the perfume

and the more essential qualities of a flower do to the more

solid substances〃 (Mariner; vol。 ii。 p。 127)。



(18) A kind of 〃clients〃 in the Roman sense。



(19) It is worthy of remark that 'Greek' among the Greeks; and

Deus among the Romans; had the same wide signification。

The dii manes were ghosts of ancestors=Atuas of

the family。



(20) Voyages aux iles du Grand Ocean; t。 i。 p。 482。



(21) Te Ika a Maui: New Zealand and its Inhabitants;

p。 72。



(22) Compare: 〃And Samuel said unto Saul; Why hast thou

disquieted me?〃 (I Sam。 xxviii。 l5)



(23) Turner; Nineteen Years in Polynesia; p。 238。



(24) See Lippert's excellent remarks on this subject; Der

Seelencult; p。 89。



(25) Sciography has the authority of Cudworth;

Intellectual System; vol。 ii。 p。 836。 Sciomancy 'Greek';

which; in the sense of divination by ghosts; may be found in

Bailey's Dictionary (1751) also furnishes a precedent for

my coinage。



(26) 〃Kami〃 is used in the sense of Elohim; and is also; like

our word 〃Lord;〃 employed as a title of respect among men; as

indeed Elohim was。



(27) 'The Assyrians thus raised Assur to a position of

pre…eminence。'



(28) I refer those who wish to know the reasons which lead me to

take up this position to the works of Reuss and Wellhausen; 'and

especially to Stade's Geschichte des Volkes Israel。'



(29) Bunsen。 Egypt's Place; vol。 v。 p。129; note。



(30) See Birch; in Egypt's Place; vol。 v; and Brugsch;

History of Egypt。



(31) Even by Graetz; who; though a fair enough historian; cannot

be accused of any desire to over…estimate the importance of

Egyptian influence upon his people。



(32) Graetz; Geschichte der Juden; Bd。 i。 p。 370。



(33) See the careful analsyis of the work of the Alexandrian

philosopher and theologian (who; it should be remembered; was a

most devout Jew; held in the highest esteem by his countrymen)

in Siegfried's Philo von Alexandrien; 1875。 'Also Dr。

J。 Drummond's Philo Judaeus; 1888。'



(34) I am not unaware of the existence of many and widely

divergent sects and schools among the Jews at all periods of

their history; since the dispersion。 But I imagine that orthodox

Judaism is now pretty much what it was in Philo's time;

while Peter and Paul; if they could return to life; would

certainly have to learn the catechism of either the Roman;

Greek; or Anglican Churches; if they desired to be considered

orthodox Christians。



(35) Dante's description of Lucifer engaged in the eternal

mastication of Brutus; Cassius; and Judas Iscariot

   〃Da ogni bocca dirompea co' denti

      Un peccatore; a guisa di maciulla;

      Si che tre ne facea così dolenti。

    A quel dinanzi il mordere era nulla;

      Verso 'l graffiar; che tal volta la schiena

      Rimanea della pelle tutta brulla〃

is quite in harmony with the Pisan picture and perfectly

Polynesian in conception。











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