the religion of babylonia and assyria-第13节

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Sib…zi…　anna；　identified　by　Jensen　with　Regulus；　which　was　apparently　the　star　of　Merodach　in　Babylonia。　This；　however；　brings　us　no　nearer；　for　A？？uritu　would　simply　mean　〃the　Assurite　（goddess）。〃


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The　minor　divinities。

Among　the　hundreds　of　names　which　the　lists　furnish；　a　few　are　worthy　of　mention；　either　because　of　more　than　ordinary　interest；　or　in　consequence　of　their　furnishing　the　name　of　some　deity；　chief　in　its　locality；　but　identified　elsewhere　with　one　of　the　greater　gods。

Aa。This　may　be　regarded　either　as　the　god　êa　（though　the　name　is　written　differently）；　or　as　the　sun…god　assuming　the　name　of　his　consort；　or　（what　is；　perhaps；　more　probable）　as　a　way　of　writing　A'u　or　Ya'u　（the　Hebrew　Jah）；　without　the　ending　of　the　nominative。　This　last　is　also　found　under　the　form　/Aa'u/；　/ya'u/；　/yau/；　and　/ya/。

Abil…addu。This　deity　seems　to　have　attained　a　certain　popularity　in　later　times；　especially　among　immigrants　from　the　West。　As　〃the　son　of　Hadad；〃　he　was　the　equivalent　of　the　Syrian　Ben…Hadad。　A　tablet　in　New　York　shows　that　his　name　was　weakened　in　form　to　/Ablada/。

Aku；　the　moon…god　among　the　heavenly　bodies。　It　is　this　name　which　is　regarded　as　occurring　in　the　name　of　the　Babylonian　king　Eri…Aku；　〃servant　of　the　moon…god；〃　the　biblical　Arioch　（Gen。　xiv。）。

Amma…an…ki；　êa　or　Aa　as　lord　of　heaven　and　earth。

Amna。A　name　only　found　in　a　syllabary；　and　assigned　to　the　sun…god；　from　which　it　would　seem　that　it　is　a　form　of　the　Egyptian　Ammon。

Anunitum；　the　goddess　of　one　of　the　two　Sippars；　called　Sippar　of　Anunitum；　who　was　worshipped　in　the　temple　ê…ulma？　within　the　city　of　Agadé　（Akkad）。　Sayce　identifies；　on　this　account；　these　two　places　as　being　the　same。　In　a　list　of　stars；　Anunitum　is　coupled　with　？inunutum；　which　are　explained　as　（the　stars　of）　the　Tigris　and　Euphrates。　These　were　probably　names　of　Venus　as　the　morning　and　evening　（or　evening　and　morning）　star。

Apsu。The　deep　dissociated　from　the　evil　connection　with　Tiawath；　and　regarded　as　〃the　house　of　deep　wisdom；〃　i。e。　the　home　of　the　god　êa　or　Aa。

Aruru。One　of　the　deities　of　Sippar　and　Aruru　（in　the　time　of　the　dynasty　of　Hammurabi　called　Ya'ruru）；　of　which　she　was　the　chief　goddess。　Aruru　was　one　of　the　names　of　the　〃lady　of　the　gods；〃　and　aided　Merodach　to　make　the　seed　of　mankind。

Bêl。As　this　name　means　〃lord；〃　it　could　be　applied；　like　the　Ph？nician　Baal；　to　the　chief　god　of　any　city；　as　Bêl　of　Niffur；　Bêl　of　Hursag…kalama；　Bêl　of　Aratta；　Bêl　of　Babylon；　etc。　This　often　indicates　also　the　star　which　represented　the　chief　god　of　a　place。

Bêltu。In　the　same　way　Bêltu；　meaning　〃lady；〃　meant　also　the　chief　goddess　of　any　place；　as　〃Aruru；　lady　of　the　gods　of　Sippar　of　Aruru；〃　〃Nin…mah；　lady　of　the　gods　of　ê…mah；〃　a　celebrated　temple　within　Babylon；　recently　excavated　by　the　Germans；　〃Nin…hur…saga；　lady　of　the　gods　of　Kê？；〃　etc。

Bunene。A　god　associated　with　？ama？　and　I？tar　at　Sippar　and　elsewhere。　He　〃gave〃　and　〃renewed〃　to　his　worshippers。

Dagan。This　deity；　whose　worship　extends　back　to　an　exceedingly　early　date；　is　generally　identified　with　the　Ph？nician　Dagon。　Hammurabi　seems　to　speak　of　the　Euphrates　as　being　〃the　boundary　of　Dagan；〃　whom　he　calls　his　creator。　In　later　inscriptions　the　form　Daguna；　which　approaches　nearer　to　the　West　Semitic　form；　is　found　in　a　few　personal　names。　The　Ph？nician　statues　of　this　deity　showed　him　with　the　lower　part　of　his　body　in　the　form　of　a　fish　（see　1　Sam。　v。　4）。　Whether　the　deities　clothed　in　a　fish's　skin　in　the　Nimroud　gallery　be　Dagon　or　not　is　uncertainthey　may　be　intended　for　êa　or　Aa；　the　Oannes　of　Berosus；　who　was　represented　in　this　way。　Probably　the　two　deities　were　regarded　as　identical。

Damu。a　goddess　regarded　as　equivalent　to　Gula　by　the　Babylonians　and　Assyrians。　She　was　goddess　of　healing；　and　made　one's　dreams　happy。

Dumu…zi…abzu；　〃Tammuz　of　the　Abyss。〃This　was　one　of　the　six　sons　of　êa　or　Aa；　according　to　the　lists。　His　worship　is　exceedingly　ancient；　and　goes　back　to　the　time　of　E…anna…tum　of　Laga？　（about　4000　B。C。）。　What　connection；　if　any；　he　may　have　with　Tammuz；　the　spouse　of　I？tar；　is　unknown。　Jastrow　apparently　regards　him　as　a　distinct　deity；　and　translates　his　name　〃the　child　of　the　life　of　the　water…deep。〃

Elali。A　deity　identified　with　the　Hebrew　Helal；　the　new　moon。　Only　found　in　names　of　the　time　of　the　Hammurabi　dynasty；　in　one　of　which　he　appears　as　〃a　creator。〃

En…nugi　is　described　as　〃lord　of　streams　and　canals；〃　and　〃lord　of　the　earth；　lord　of　no…return。〃　This　last　description；　which　gives　the　meaning　of　his　name；　suggests　that　he　was　one　of　the　gods　of　the　realm　of　Ere？…ki…gal；　though　he　may　have　borne　that　name　simply　as　god　of　streams；　which　always　flow　down；　never　the　reverse。

Gibil。One　of　the　names　of　the　god　of　fire；　sometimes　transcribed　Girru　by　Assyriologists；　the　meaning　apparently　being　〃the　fire…　bearer〃　or　〃light…bearer。〃　Girru　is　another　name　of　this　deity；　and　translates　an　ideographic　group；　rendered　by　Delitzsch　〃great〃　or　〃highest　decider；〃　suggesting　the　custom　of　trial　by　ordeal。　He　was　identified　with　Nirig；　in　Semitic　ênu…rê？tu。

Gu？qi…banda　or　Kuski…banda；　one　of　the　names　of　êa；　probably　as　god　of　gold…workers。

I？um；　〃the　glorious　sacrificer；〃　seemingly　a　name　of　the　fire…god　as　a　means　whereby　burnt　offerings　were　made。　N？r…I？um；　〃light　of　I？um；〃　is　found　as　a　man's　name。

Kaawanu；　the　planet　Saturn。

Lagamal。A　god　identified　with　the　Elamite　Lagamar；　whose　name　is　regarded　as　existing　in　Chedorlaomer　（cf。　Gen。　xiv。　2）。　He　was　the　chief　god　of　Mair；　〃the　ship…city。〃

Lugal…Amarada　or　Lugal…Marad。This　name　means　〃king　of　Marad；〃　a　city　as　yet　unidentified。　The　king　of　this　place　seems　to　have　been　Nerigal；　of　whom；　therefore；　Lugal…Marad　is　another　name。

Lugal…banda。This　name　means　〃the　powerful　king；〃　or　something　similar；　and　the　god　bearing　it　is　supposed　to　be　the　same　as　Nerigal。　His　consort；　however；　was　named　Nin…sun　（or　Nin…gul）。

Lugal…Du…azaga；　〃the　king　of　the　glorious　seat。〃The　founder　of　êridu；　〃the　good　city　within　the　Abyss；〃　probably　the　paradise　（or　a　paradise）　of　the　world　to　come。　As　it　was　the　aim　of　every　good　Babylonian　to　dwell　hereafter　with　the　god　whom　he　had　worshipped　upon　earth；　it　may　be　conjectured　that　this　was　the　paradise　in　the　domain　of　êa　or　Aa。

Mama；　Mami。Names　of　〃the　lady　of　the　gods；〃　and　creatress　of　the　seed　of　mankind；　Aruru。　Probably　so　called　as　the　〃mother〃　of　all　things。　Another　name　of　this　goddess　is　Ama；　〃mother。〃


Mammitum；　Mamitum；　goddess　of　fate。

Mur；　one　of　the　names　of　Addu　or　Rammanu　（Hadad　or　Rimmon）。

Nana　or　Nanaa　was　the　consort　of　Nebo　at　Borsippa；　but　appears　as　a　form　of　I？tar；　worshipped；　with　Anu　her　father；　at　Erech。

Nin…aha…kuku；　a　name　of　êa　or　Aa　and　of　his　daughter　as　deity　of　the　rivers；　and　therefore　of　gardens　and　plantations；　which　were　watered　by　means　of　the　small　canals　leading　therefrom。　As　daughter　of　êa；　this　deity　was　also　〃lady　of　the　incantation。〃

Nin…azu；　the　consort　of　Ere？…ki…gal；　probably　as　〃lord　physician。〃　He　is　probably　to　be　identified　with　Nerigal。

Nin…igi…nagar…si；　a　name　somewhat　more　doubtful　as　to　its　reading　than　the　others；　designates　êa　or　Aa　as　〃the　god　of　the　carpenter。〃　He　seems　to　have　borne　this　as　〃the　great　constructor　of　heaven〃　or　〃of　Anu。〃

Nin…mah；　chief　goddess　of　the　temple　ê…mah　in　Babylon。　Probably　to　be　identified　with　Aruru；　and　therefore　with　Zer…pan？tum。

Nin…？ah；　a　deity　whose　name　is　conjectured　to　mean　〃lord　of　the　wild　boar。〃　He　seems　to　have　been　a　god　of　war；　and　was　identified　with　Nirig　or　ênu…rê？tu　and　Pap…sukal。

Nin…sirsir；　êa　as　the　god　of　sailors。

Nin…sun；　as　pointed　out　by　Jastrow；　was　probably　the　same　as　I？tar　or　Nana　of　Erech；　where　she　had　a　shrine；　with　them；　in　ê…anna；　〃the　house　of　Anu。〃　He　renders　her　name　〃the　annihilating　lady；〃＇*＇　〃appropriate　for　the　consort　of　a　sun…god；〃　for　such　he　regards　Lugal…　banda　her　spouse。　King　Sin…gasid　of　Erech　（about　3000　B。C。）　refers　to　her　as　his　mother。

＇*＇　This　is　due　to　the　second　element　of　the　name　having；　with　another　　　　　pronunciation；　the　meaning　of　〃to　destroy。〃

Nun…urra。êa；　as　the　god　of　potters。

Pap…sukal。A　name　of　Nin…？ah　as　the　〃divine　messenger；〃　who　is　also　described　as　god　〃of　decisions。〃　Nin…？ah　would　seem　to　have　been　one　of　the　names　of　Pap…sukal　rather　than　the　reverse。

Qarradu；　〃strong；〃　〃mighty；〃　〃brave。〃This　word；　which　was　formerly　translated　〃warrior；〃　is　applied　to　several　deities；　among　them　being　Bêl；　Nergal；　Nirig　（ênu…rê？tu）；　and　？ama？；　the　sun…god。

Ragimu　and　Ramimu；　names　of　Rimmon　or　Hadad　as　〃the　thunderer。〃　The　second　comes　from　the　same　root　as　Rammanu　（Rimmon）。

？uqamunu。A　deity　regarded　as　〃lord　of　watercourses；〃　probably　the　artificial　channels　dug　for　the　irrigation　of　fields。

Ura…gala；　a　name　of　Nerigal。

Ura？；　a　name　of　Nirig；　under　which　he　was　worshipped　at　Dailem；　near　Babylon。

Zagaga；　dialectic　Zamama。This　deity；　who　was　a　god　of　war；　was　identified　with　Nirig。　One　of　this　titles　was　/bêl　parakki/；　〃lord　of　the　royal　chamber；〃　or　〃throne…room。〃

Zaraqu　or　Zariqu。As　the　root　of　this　name　means　〃to　sprinkle；〃　he　was　probably　also　a　god　of　irrigation；　and　may　have　presi