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This¡¡record¡¡shows£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡but¡¡three¡¡instances¡¡out¡¡of¡¡twenty¡­one£»¡¡did¡¡a¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Republicans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡vote¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡testimony¡¡offered¡¡in¡¡the¡¡President's¡¡behalfthat¡¡on¡¡one¡¡interrogatory¡¡there¡¡was¡¡an¡¡equal¡¡divisionthat¡¡on¡¡seventeen¡¡of¡¡the¡¡twenty¡­one¡¡interrogatories¡¡put¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Defense£»¡¡a¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Republicans¡¡voted¡¡to¡¡exclude¡¡testimony£»¡¡in¡¡several¡¡cases¡¡by¡¡a¡¡two¡­thirds¡¡voteand¡¡that¡¡but¡¡nine¡¡of¡¡the¡¡twenty¡­one¡¡interrogatories¡¡put¡¡in¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡President¡¡were¡¡by¡¡Republican¡¡votes¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡be¡¡answeredalso¡¡that£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule¡¡which¡¡had¡¡very¡¡rare¡¡exceptions£»¡¡such¡¡interrogatories¡¡in¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡President¡¡as¡¡were¡¡permitted¡¡answer£»¡¡were¡¡so¡¡permitted¡¡by¡¡very¡¡close¡¡majorities¡£

It¡¡is¡¡undoubted¡¡that¡¡every¡¡Republican¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡entered¡¡upon¡¡that¡¡trial¡¡in¡¡the¡¡expectation¡¡that¡¡the¡¡allegations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prosecution¡¡would¡¡be¡¡sustained£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡also¡¡expected¡¡that¡¡a¡¡fair£»¡¡free£»¡¡full£»¡¡open¡¡investigation¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡charges¡¡preferred¡¡would¡¡be¡¡had£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡all¡¡the¡¡information¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡be¡¡obtained¡¡bearing¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡pro¡¡and¡¡con£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡admitted¡¡to¡¡testimonybut¡¡that¡¡expectation¡¡was¡¡not¡¡realized¡£

To¡¡sum¡¡up¡¡this¡¡feature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡proceedingthe¡¡Republican¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡placed¡¡themselves¡¡and¡¡their¡¡party¡¡in¡¡the¡¡attitude¡¡of¡¡prosecutors¡¡in¡¡the¡¡caseinstead¡¡of¡¡judges¡¡sworn¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡President¡¡an¡¡impartial¡¡trial¡¡and¡¡judgment¡¡that¡¡their¡¡course¡¡had¡¡the¡¡appearance£»¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡conspiracy¡¡to¡¡evict¡¡the¡¡President¡¡for¡¡purely¡¡partisan¡¡purposes£»¡¡regardless¡¡of¡¡testimony¡¡or¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case¡­that¡¡public¡¡animosity¡¡against¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡had¡¡been¡¡manufactured¡¡throughout¡¡the¡¡North¡¡by¡¡wild¡¡and¡¡vicious¡¡misrepresentations¡¡for¡¡partisan¡¡effectthat¡¡practically¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡Republican¡¡Party¡¡machinery¡¡throughout¡¡the¡¡country¡¡was¡¡bent¡¡to¡¡the¡¡work¡¡of¡¡prosecution¡£¡¡The¡¡party¡¡cry¡¡was¡¡¡¨Crucify¡¡him£¡¡¨¡¡¡¨Convict¡¡him¡¡anyway£»¡¡and¡¡try¡¡him¡¡afterwards£¡¡¨¡¡With¡¡rare¡¡exceptions£»¡¡the¡¡Republican¡¡Party¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡press¡¡and¡¡people£»¡¡were¡¡a¡¡unit¡¡in¡¡this¡¡insensate¡¡cry¡£

They¡¡were¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡strike£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡to¡¡hear¡£

There¡¡can¡¡be¡¡but¡¡one¡¡conclusion¡¡from¡¡these¡¡premises£»¡¡established¡¡by¡¡the¡¡record¡¡of¡¡the¡¡trialthat¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡proceeding£»¡¡from¡¡its¡¡inception¡¡in¡¡the¡¡House¡¡of¡¡Representatives¡¡to¡¡its¡¡conclusion¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡thoroughly¡¡partisan¡¡prosecution¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡in¡¡both¡¡Houses£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡country¡¡was¡¡saved¡¡from¡¡the¡¡shameful¡¡spectacle£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dangerous¡¡consequences¡¡of¡¡such¡¡a¡¡proceeding£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡intervention¡¡and¡¡self¡­sacrifice¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡gentlemen¡¡who¡¡proposed¡¡to¡¡respect¡¡the¡¡obligation¡¡of¡¡their¡¡oath£»¡¡and¡¡give¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson£»¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡in¡¡their¡¡power£»¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡trial¡¡and¡¡judgmentand¡¡not¡¡having¡¡had¡¡such¡¡a¡¡trialto¡¡give¡¡him¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡what¡¡he¡¡claimed¡¡he¡¡could¡¡prove¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡behalf¡¡and¡¡was¡¡not¡¡permitted¡¡toand¡¡a¡¡verdict¡¡of¡¡¡¨Not¡¡Guilty£»¡¨¡¡regardless¡¡of¡¡consequences¡¡to¡¡themselves¡£

What¡¡every¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Court¡¡had¡¡sworn¡¡to¡¡do¡¡was¡¡¡¨impartial¡¡justice¡¨¡¡to¡¡Andrew¡¡Johnson£»¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡less¡£¡¡The¡¡Counsel¡¡on¡¡neither¡¡side¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡that¡¡oath£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡Court¡¡had£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡that¡¡oath¡¡was¡¡impossible¡¡without¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡information¡¡relating¡¡to¡¡and¡¡bearing¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡case¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡reasonably¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡obtain¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡ingredient¡¡and¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡trial¡£

THAT¡¡ESSENTIAL¡¡INGREDIENT¡¡OF¡¡JUDICIAL¡¡FAIRNESS¡¡WAS¡¡NOT¡¡SHOWN¡¡TO¡¡MR¡£¡¡JOHNSON¡¡IN¡¡THIS¡¡CASE¡¡BY¡¡THE¡¡REPUBLICAN¡¡MAJORITY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡SENATE£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡official¡¡record¡¡of¡¡the¡¡trial¡¡clearly¡¡establishes¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡an¡¡ill¡­disguised¡¡and¡¡malevolent¡¡partisan¡¡prosecution¡£



CHAPTER¡¡XIII¡£¡¡THE¡¡CONSTITUTIONAL¡¡POWER¡¡OF¡¡IMPEACHMENT¡£

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Mr¡£¡¡Bingham£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡House£»¡¡Feb¡£¡¡22nd£»¡¡1868£»¡¡announced¡¡the¡¡extraordinary¡¡doctrine¡¡that¡¡¡¨there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡power¡¡to¡¡review¡¡the¡¡action¡¡of¡¡Congress¡£¡¨¡¡Again£»¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡the¡¡action¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡on¡¡the¡¡21st¡¡of¡¡February£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡President's¡¡message¡¡announcing¡¡the¡¡removal¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Stanton£»¡¡he¡¡said£º¡¡¡¨Neither¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡nor¡¡any¡¡other¡¡Court¡¡can¡¡question¡¡or¡¡review¡¡this¡¡judgment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senat

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