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第16节

the essays of montaigne, v6-第16节

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One telling Socrates that such a one was nothing improved by his travels:
〃I very well believe it;〃 said he; 〃for he took himself along with him〃

                   〃Quid terras alio calentes
                    Sole mutamus?  patriae quis exsul
                    Se quoque fugit?〃

     '〃Why do we seek climates warmed by another sun?  Who is the man
     that by fleeing from his country; can also flee from himself?〃
     Horace; Od。; ii。 16; 18。'

If a man do not first discharge both himself and his mind of the burden
with which he finds himself oppressed; motion will but make it press the
harder and sit the heavier; as the lading of a ship is of less
encumbrance when fast and bestowed in a settled posture。  You do a sick
man more harm than good in removing him from place to place; you fix and
establish the disease by motion; as stakes sink deeper and more firmly
into the earth by being moved up and down in the place where they are
designed to stand。  Therefore; it is not enough to get remote from the
public; 'tis not enough to shift the soil only; a man must flee from the
popular conditions that have taken possession of his soul; he must
sequester and come again to himself:

                         〃Rupi jam vincula; dicas
               Nam luctata canis nodum arripit; attamen illi;
               Quum fugit; a collo trahitur pars longa catenae。〃

     '〃You say; perhaps; you have broken your chains: the dog who after
     long efforts has broken his chain; still in his flight drags a heavy
     portion of it after him。〃Persius; Sat。; v。 158。'

We still carry our fetters along with us。  'Tis not an absolute liberty;
we yet cast back a look upon what we have left behind us; the fancy is
still full of it:

          〃Nisi purgatum est pectus; quae praelia nobis
          Atque pericula tunc ingratis insinuandum?
          Quantae connscindunt hominem cupedinis acres
          Sollicitum curae? quantique perinde timores?
          Quidve superbia; spurcitia; ac petulantia; quantas
          Efficiunt clades? quid luxus desidiesque?〃

     '〃But unless the mind is purified; what internal combats and dangers
     must we incur in spite of all our efforts!  How many bitter
     anxieties; how many terrors; follow upon unregulated passion!
     What destruction befalls us from pride; lust; petulant anger!
     What evils arise from luxury and sloth!〃Lucretius; v。 4。'

Our disease lies in the mind; which cannot escape from itself;

          〃In culpa est animus; qui se non effugit unquam;〃
          Horace; Ep。; i。 14; 13。'

and therefore is to be called home and confined within itself: that is
the true solitude; and that may be enjoyed even in populous cities and
the courts of kings; though more commodiously apart。

Now; since we will attempt to live alone; and to waive all manner of
conversation amongst them; let us so order it that our content may depend
wholly upon ourselves; let us dissolve all obligations that ally us to
others; let us obtain this from ourselves; that we may live alone in good
earnest; and live at our ease too。

Stilpo having escaped from the burning of his town; where he lost wife;
children; and goods; Demetrius Poliorcetes seeing him; in so great a ruin
of his country; appear with an undisturbed countenance; asked him if he
had received no loss?  To which he made answer; No; and that; thank God;
nothing was lost of his。'Seneca; Ep。 7。' This also was the meaning of
the philosopher Antisthenes; when he pleasantly said; that 〃men should
furnish themselves with such things as would float; and might with the
owner escape the storm〃;'Diogenes Laertius; vi。 6。' and certainly a
wise man never loses anything if he have himself。  When the city of Nola
was ruined by the barbarians; Paulinus; who was bishop of that place;
having there lost all he had; himself a prisoner; prayed after this
manner: 〃O Lord; defend me from being sensible of this loss; for Thou
knowest they have yet touched nothing of that which is mine。〃'St。
Augustin; De Civit。 Dei; i。 10。' The riches that made him rich and the
goods that made him good; were still kept entire。  This it is to make
choice of treasures that can secure themselves from plunder and violence;
and to hide them in such a place into which no one can enter and that is
not to be betrayed by any but ourselves。  Wives; children; and goods must
be had; and especially health; by him that can get it; but we are not so
to set our hearts upon them that our happiness must have its dependence
upon them; we must reserve a backshop; wholly our own and entirely free;
wherein to settle our true liberty; our principal solitude and retreat。
And in this we must for the most part entertain ourselves with ourselves;
and so privately that no exotic knowledge or communication be admitted
there; there to laugh and to talk; as if without wife; children; goods;
train; or attendance; to the end that when it shall so fall out that we
must lose any or all of these; it may be no new thing to be without them。
We have a mind pliable in itself; that will be company; that has
wherewithal to attack and to defend; to receive and to give: let us not
then fear in this solitude to languish under an uncomfortable vacuity。

                    〃In solis sis tibi turba locis。〃

     '〃In solitude; be company for thyself。〃Tibullus; vi。 13。 12。'

Virtue is satisfied with herself; without discipline; without words;
without effects。  In our ordinary actions there is not one of a thousand
that concerns ourselves。  He that thou seest scrambling up the ruins of
that wall; furious and transported; against whom so many harquebuss…shots
are levelled; and that other all over scars; pale; and fainting with
hunger; and yet resolved rather to die than to open the gates to him;
dost thou think that these men are there upon their own account?  No;
peradventure in the behalf of one whom they never saw and who never
concerns himself for their pains and danger; but lies wallowing the while
in sloth and pleasure: this other slavering; blear…eyed; slovenly fellow;
that thou seest come out of his study after midnight; dost thou think he
has been tumbling over books to learn how to become a better man; wiser;
and more content?  No such matter; he will there end his days; but he
will teach posterity the measure of Plautus' verses and the true
orthography of a Latin word。  Who is it that does not voluntarily
exchange his health; his repose; and his very life for reputation and
glory; the most useless; frivolous; and false coin that passes current
amongst us?  Our own death does not sufficiently terrify and trouble us;
let us; moreover; charge ourselves with those of our wives; children; and
family: our own affairs do not afford us anxiety enough; let us undertake
those of our neighbours and friends; still more to break our brains and
torment us:

         〃Vah! quemquamne hominem in animum instituere; aut
          Parare; quod sit carius; quam ipse est sibi?〃

     '〃Ah! can any man conceive in his mind or realise what is dearer
     than he is to himself?〃Terence; Adelph。; i。 I; 13。'

Solitude seems to me to wear the best favour in such as have already
employed their most active and flourishing age in the world's service;
after the example of Thales。  We have lived enough for others; let us at
least live out the small remnant of life for ourselves; let us now call
in our thoughts and intentions to ourselves; and to our own ease and
repose。  'Tis no light thing to make a sure retreat; it will be enough
for us to do without mixing other enterprises。  Since God gives us
leisure to order our removal; let us make ready; truss our baggage; take
leave betimes of the company; and disentangle ourselves from those
violent importunities that engage us elsewhere and separate us from
ourselves。

We must break the knot of our obligations; how strong soever; and
hereafter love this or that; but espouse nothing but ourselves: that is
to say; let the remainder be our own; but not so joined and so close as
not to be forced away without flaying us or tearing out part of our
whole。  The greatest thing in the world is for a man to know that he is
his own。  'Tis time to wean ourselves from society when we can no longer
add anything to it; he who is not in a condition to lend must forbid
himself to borrow。  Our forces begin to fail us; let us call them in and
concentrate them in and for ourselves。  He that can cast off within
himself and resolve the offices of friendship and company; let him do it。
In this decay of nature which renders him useless; burdensome; and
importunate to others; let him take care not to be useless; burdensome;
and importunate to himself。  Let him soothe and caress himself; and above
all things be sure to govern himself with reverence to his reason and
conscience to that degree as to be ashamed to make a false step in their
presence:

               〃Rarum est enim; ut satis se quisque vereatur。〃

     '〃For 'tis rarely seen that men have respect and reverence enough
     for themselves。〃Quintilian; x。 7。'

Socrates says that boys are to cause themselves to be instructed; men to
exercise t

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