on sophistical refutations-第16节

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！




develop　the　remainder　in　connexion　with　it。　This　is　in　fact　what　has



happened　in　regard　to　rhetorical　speeches　and　to　practically　all　the



other　arts：　for　those　who　discovered　the　beginnings　of　them　advanced



them　in　all　only　a　little　way；　whereas　the　celebrities　of　to…day　are



the　heirs　（so　to　speak）　of　a　long　succession　of　men　who　have



advanced　them　bit　by　bit；　and　so　have　developed　them　to　their



present　form；　Tisias　coming　next　after　the　first　founders；　then



Thrasymachus　after　Tisias；　and　Theodorus　next　to　him；　while　several



people　have　made　their　several　contributions　to　it：　and　therefore　it



is　not　to　be　wondered　at　that　the　art　has　attained　considerable



dimensions。　Of　this　inquiry；　on　the　other　hand；　it　was　not　the　case



that　part　of　the　work　had　been　thoroughly　done　before；　while　part



had　not。　Nothing　existed　at　all。　For　the　training　given　by　the　paid



professors　of　contentious　arguments　was　like　the　treatment　of　the



matter　by　Gorgias。　For　they　used　to　hand　out　speeches　to　be　learned　by



heart；　some　rhetorical；　others　in　the　form　of　question　and　answer；



each　side　supposing　that　their　arguments　on　either　side　generally　fall



among　them。　And　therefore　the　teaching　they　gave　their　pupils　was



ready　but　rough。　For　they　used　to　suppose　that　they　trained　people



by　imparting　to　them　not　the　art　but　its　products；　as　though　any　one



professing　that　he　would　impart　a　form　of　knowledge　to　obviate　any



pain　in　the　feet；　were　then　not　to　teach　a　man　the　art　of



shoe…making　or　the　sources　whence　he　can　acquire　anything　of　the　kind；



but　were　to　present　him　with　several　kinds　of　shoes　of　all　sorts：



for　he　has　helped　him　to　meet　his　need；　but　has　not　imparted　an　art　to



him。　Moreover；　on　the　subject　of　Rhetoric　there　exists　much　that　has



been　said　long　ago；　whereas　on　the　subject　of　reasoning　we　had　nothing



else　of　an　earlier　date　to　speak　of　at　all；　but　were　kept　at　work



for　a　long　time　in　experimental　researches。　If；　then；　it　seems　to



you　after　inspection　that；　such　being　the　situation　as　it　existed　at



the　start；　our　investigation　is　in　a　satisfactory　condition　compared



with　the　other　inquiries　that　have　been　developed　by　tradition；



there　must　remain　for　all　of　you；　or　for　our　students；　the　task　of



extending　us　your　pardon　for　the　shortcomings　of　the　inquiry；　and



for　the　discoveries　thereof　your　warm　thanks。











　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　…THE　END…



。