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cyprus, as i saw it in 1879-µÚ74½Ú

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he¡¡will¡¡have¡¡his¡¡own¡¡way¡£¡¡We¡¡shall¡¡explain¡¡that¡¡certain¡¡trees¡¡are¡¡naked£»
as¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡became¡¡ripe¡¡and¡¡was¡¡stolen¡¡by¡¡the¡¡boys¡£¡¡'Then¡¡you¡¡ought¡¡to
have¡¡taken¡¡more¡¡care¡¡of¡¡it£»'¡¡he¡¡will¡¡reply£»¡¡¡®how¡¡many¡¡okes¡¡of¡¡plums¡¡were
there¡¡upon¡¡those¡¡trees£¿'¡¡We¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡to¡¡guess¡¡the¡¡amount¡£¡¡¡®Nonsense£¡'
he¡¡will¡¡exclaim¡¡to¡¡whatever¡¡figure¡¡we¡¡may¡¡mention£»¡¡'there¡¡must¡¡have¡¡been
double¡¡that¡¡quantity£º¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡write¡¡down¡¡1500¡¡£¨if¡¡we¡¡declared¡¡1000£©£»
which¡¡will¡¡split¡¡the¡¡difference¡£'¡¡£¨¡¨Splitting¡¡the¡¡difference¡¨¡¡is¡¡the
usual¡¡method¡¡of¡¡arranging¡¡an¡¡Oriental¡¡dispute£»¡¡as¡¡instanced¡¡by¡¡Solomon's
well¡­known¡¡suggestion¡¡of¡¡dividing¡¡the¡¡baby¡££©¡£

¡¨We¡¡shall¡¡protest£»¡¨¡¡continued¡¡the¡¡monks£»¡¡¡¨and¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡inquisitorial
haggling¡¡will¡¡take¡¡place¡¡concerning¡¡every¡¡tree£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡valuer¡¡shall
have¡¡concluded¡¡his¡¡labour£»¡¡and¡¡about¡¡one¡­third¡¡more¡¡than¡¡the¡¡actual
produce¡¡of¡¡the¡¡orchards¡¡will¡¡have¡¡been¡¡booked¡¡against¡¡us£»¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡we
must¡¡pay¡¡a¡¡tax¡¡of¡¡10¡¡per¡¡cent¡££»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡that¡¡the¡¡risks¡¡of
insects£»¡¡rats£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡expenses¡¡of¡¡gathering¡¡remain¡¡to¡¡the¡¡debit¡¡of¡¡the
garden¡£¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡old¡¡monks£»¡¡¡¨our¡¡produce¡¡is¡¡a¡¡trouble¡¡to
us£»¡¡as¡¡personally¡¡we¡¡derive¡¡no¡¡benefit£»¡¡the¡¡public¡¡eat¡¡the¡¡fruit£»¡¡and
the¡¡government¡¡eats¡¡the¡¡taxes¡£¡¨

There¡¡were¡¡curious¡¡distinctions¡¡and¡¡exceptions¡¡in¡¡this¡¡arbitrary¡¡form¡¡of
taxation£º¡¡if¡¡a¡¡fruit¡­tree¡¡grew¡¡within¡¡the¡¡monastery¡¡courtyard¡¡it¡¡was
exempt£»¡¡thus¡¡the¡¡great¡¡walnut¡­tree¡¡beneath¡¡which¡¡we¡¡camped¡¡was¡¡free¡£¡¡It
was¡¡really¡¡cheering¡¡to¡¡find¡¡that¡¡we¡¡were¡¡living¡¡under¡¡some¡¡object¡¡that
was¡¡not¡¡taxed¡¡in¡¡Cyprus£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡monk¡¡continued£»¡¡and¡¡somewhat¡¡dispelled
the¡¡illusion¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡¨This¡¡tree¡¡produced¡¡in¡¡one¡¡year¡¡20£»000¡¡walnuts£»¡¡and
it¡¡averages¡¡from¡¡12£»000¡¡to¡¡15£»000£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡the¡¡crops¡¡of¡¡our¡¡other¡¡trees
are¡¡estimated£»¡¡the¡¡official¡¡valuer¡¡always¡¡insists¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡false¡¡maximum£»
so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡include¡¡the¡¡crop¡¡of¡¡the¡¡courtyard¡¡walnut¡¡in¡¡the¡¡total¡¡amount
for¡¡taxation¡£¡¨

The¡¡potatoes£»¡¡like¡¡all¡¡other¡¡horticultural¡¡productions£»¡¡are¡¡valued¡¡while
growing£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same¡¡system¡¡of¡¡extravagant¡¡estimate¡¡is¡¡pursued¡£

This¡¡system¡¡is¡¡a¡¡blight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡gravest¡¡character¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡local¡¡industry
of¡¡the¡¡inhabitants£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡suicidal¡¡and¡¡unstatesmanlike¡¡policy¡¡that
crushes¡¡and¡¡extinguishes¡¡all¡¡enterprise¡£¡¡What¡¡Englishman¡¡would¡¡submit¡¡to
such¡¡a¡¡prying¡¡and¡¡humiliating¡¡position£¿¡¡And¡¡still¡¡it¡¡is¡¡expected¡¡that
the¡¡resources¡¡of¡¡the¡¡island¡¡will¡¡be¡¡developed¡¡by¡¡British¡¡capital£¡¡¡The
great¡¡want¡¡for¡¡the¡¡supply¡¡of¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡towns¡¡is¡¡market¡­gardens¡£
Imagine¡¡an¡¡English¡¡practical¡¡market¡­gardener£»¡¡fresh¡¡from¡¡the¡¡ten¡­mile
radius¡¡of¡¡Covent¡¡Garden£»¡¡where¡¡despatch¡¡and¡¡promptitude¡¡mean¡¡fortune¡¡and
success£º¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡cut¡¡his¡¡cauliflowers¡¡in¡¡Cyprus¡¡until¡¡his¡¡crop¡¡of
unblown¡¡plants¡¡had¡¡been¡¡valued¡¡by¡¡an¡¡official¡¡and¡¡while¡¡he¡¡might¡¡be
waiting¡¡for¡¡this¡¡well¡­hated¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡evil£»¡¡his¡¡cauliflower¡­heads¡¡would
have¡¡expanded¡¡into¡¡coral¡­like¡¡projections¡¡and¡¡have¡¡become¡¡utterly
valueless¡¡except¡¡for¡¡pig¡­feeding¡£¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡conceive¡¡a¡¡more¡¡extravagant
instance¡¡of¡¡oppression¡¡than¡¡this¡¡system¡¡of¡¡taxation£»¡¡which¡¡throws
enormous¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡extortion¡¡into¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡official¡¡valuer¡£¡¡This
person¡¡can¡¡oppose¡¡by¡¡delays¡¡and¡¡superlative¡¡estimates¡¡the¡¡vital
interests¡¡of¡¡the¡¡proprietors£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡property¡¡is¡¡large£»¡¡the¡¡owner¡¡will
be¡¡only¡¡too¡¡glad¡¡to¡¡silence¡¡his¡¡opposition¡¡by¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡bribe£»¡¡the
poor¡¡must¡¡alike¡¡contribute£»¡¡or¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡of¡¡delays¡¡which£»
with¡¡perishable¡¡articles¡¡such¡¡as¡¡vegetables£»¡¡represent¡¡his¡¡ruin¡£¡¡Is¡¡it
surprising¡¡that¡¡the¡¡villages¡¡of¡¡the¡¡desolate¡¡plain¡¡of¡¡Messaria¡¡are¡¡for
the¡¡most¡¡part¡¡devoid¡¡of¡¡fruit¡­trees£¿¡¡We¡¡are¡¡preaching¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Cypriotes
the¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡planting¡¡around¡¡their¡¡dwellings£»¡¡as¡¡though¡¡they¡¡were
such¡¡idiots¡¡as¡¡to¡¡be¡¡ignorant¡¡that¡¡¡¨he¡¡who¡¡sows¡¡the¡¡wind¡¡will¡¡reap¡¡the
whirlwind¡£¡¨¡¡If¡¡they¡¡plant¡¡fruit¡­trees¡¡under¡¡the¡¡present¡¡laws¡¡they¡¡are
planting¡¡curses¡¡which¡¡will¡¡entail¡¡the¡¡misery¡¡of¡¡inquisitorial¡¡visits¡¡and
the¡¡most¡¡objectionable¡¡and¡¡oppressive¡¡form¡¡of¡¡an¡¡unjust¡¡taxation¡£¡¡As¡¡the
law¡¡at¡¡present¡¡stands£»¡¡the¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡fruit¡¡is¡¡ridiculously¡¡small£»¡¡and
the¡¡quality¡¡inferior£»¡¡while¡¡cultivated¡¡vegetables¡¡are¡¡difficult¡¡to
obtain¡£¡¡Can¡¡any¡¡other¡¡result¡¡be¡¡expected¡¡under¡¡the¡¡paralysing¡¡effect¡¡of
Turkish¡¡laws£¿¡¡which¡¡unfortunately¡¡British¡¡officials¡¡have¡¡the
questionable¡¡honour¡¡of¡¡administering¡£

I¡¡have¡¡heard¡¡officials¡¡condemn¡¡in¡¡the¡¡strongest¡¡terms¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡they¡¡are
obliged¡¡to¡¡enforce¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡few¡¡persons¡¡who¡¡are¡¡obtuse¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of
injustice£»¡¡but¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡the¡¡suggestion¡¡has¡¡been¡¡expressed¡¡that
an¡¡extreme¡¡difficulty¡¡would¡¡be¡¡experienced¡¡should¡¡the¡¡taxes¡¡be¡¡collected
in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡form¡¡than¡¡dimes¡£¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡see¡¡the¡¡slightest¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡this
disclaimer¡¡of¡¡responsibility¡¡for¡¡Turkish¡¡evils£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡the
present¡¡difficulty¡¡might¡¡be¡¡overcome¡¡with¡¡little¡¡trouble¡¡by¡¡a¡¡system¡¡of
rating¡¡the¡¡land¡¡ad¡¡valorem¡£

The¡¡soil¡¡and¡¡general¡¡value¡¡of¡¡properties¡¡in¡¡Cyprus¡¡vary¡¡as¡¡in¡¡England
and¡¡other¡¡countries¡¡according¡¡to¡¡quality¡¡and¡¡position¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡land
contiguous¡¡to¡¡market¡¡towns¡¡of¡¡much¡¡higher¡¡value¡¡than¡¡the¡¡same¡¡quality¡¡of
soil¡¡in¡¡remote¡¡districts£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡farms¡¡supplied¡¡with¡¡water¡¡either
naturally¡¡or¡¡artificially£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡far¡¡more¡¡valuable¡¡than¡¡others¡¡which
are¡¡dependent¡¡upon¡¡favourable¡¡seasons¡£¡¡Land¡¡which¡¡formerly¡¡produced
madder¡¡was¡¡of¡¡extreme¡¡value£»¡¡and¡¡should¡¡have¡¡been¡¡adjudged¡¡accordingly£»
but¡¡why¡¡should¡¡not¡¡all¡¡properties¡¡of¡¡every¡¡description¡¡throughout¡¡Cyprus
be¡¡rated¡¡and¡¡taxed¡¡in¡¡due¡¡proportion£¿¡¡The¡¡valuation¡¡should¡¡be¡¡arranged
by¡¡local¡¡councils¡£¡¡The¡¡vineyards¡¡which¡¡produced¡¡the¡¡expensive¡¡wines
should¡¡be¡¡rated¡¡higher¡¡than¡¡those¡¡of¡¡inferior¡¡quality¡£¡¡Gardens¡¡should¡¡be
rated¡¡according¡¡to¡¡their¡¡distance¡¡from¡¡a¡¡market£»¡¡fields¡¡in¡¡proportion¡¡to
their¡¡water¡­supply¡¡and¡¡the¡¡quality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soil¡£¡¡The¡¡Cypriotes¡¡do¡¡not
complain¡¡of¡¡the¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡10¡¡per¡¡cent¡£¡¡taxation¡¡under¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡dimes£»
but¡¡they¡¡naturally¡¡object¡¡to¡¡the¡¡arbitrary¡¡and¡¡vexatious¡¡system¡¡of
inquisitorial¡¡visits£»¡¡together¡¡with¡¡the¡¡delays¡¡and¡¡loss¡¡of¡¡time
occasioned¡¡by¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Turkish¡¡system¡£¡¡¡¨Rate¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡let¡¡us¡¡know¡¡the
limit¡¡of¡¡our¡¡responsibility¡¨that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡desire¡¡of¡¡the
inhabitants¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡industries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡developed¡¡they
must¡¡be¡¡unfettered£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡weighed¡¡down¡¡by¡¡restrictions¡¡and¡¡vexatious
interference£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡hardly¡¡discover¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡a¡¡change¡¡to
British¡¡masters¡£

Some¡¡people¡¡in¡¡Cyprus¡¡make¡¡use¡¡of¡¡an¡¡argument¡¡in¡¡favour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present
system¡¡of¡¡dimes¡¡or¡¡collecting¡¡in¡¡kind¡¡by¡¡tenths£»¡¡which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡commend
itself¡¡by¡¡logical¡¡reasoning¡£¡¡They¡¡say£»¡¡¡¨if¡¡you¡¡rate¡¡the¡¡land¡¡ad¡¡valorem£»
and¡¡establish¡¡a¡¡monetary¡¡payment¡¡of¡¡10¡¡per¡¡cent¡££»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡simply¡¡burden
the¡¡poor¡¡land¡­holder¡¡with¡¡debt¡¡during¡¡a¡¡season¡¡of¡¡drought£»¡¡when¡¡his
property¡¡will¡¡produce¡¡nothing¡£¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡present¡¡system¡¡he¡¡and
the¡¡government¡¡alike¡¡share¡¡the¡¡risk¡¡of¡¡seasons£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡land¡¡produces
nothing£»¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡dimes¡£¡¨¡¡It¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡have¡¡occurred¡¡to
these¡¡reasoners¡¡that¡¡in¡¡such¡¡seasons¡¡of¡¡scarcity¡¡the¡¡taxation¡¡could¡¡be
easily¡¡reduced¡¡as¡¡a¡¡temporary¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡relief¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the
valuation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡local¡¡medjlis¡¡or¡¡council£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡claim¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡of
artificial¡¡irrigation¡¡that¡¡will¡¡secure¡¡the¡¡land¡¡from¡¡such¡¡meteorological
disasters£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡enable¡¡both¡¡the¡¡cultivator¡¡and¡¡the¡¡government¡¡to
calculate¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡dependable¡¡average¡¡of¡¡crops£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡existing¡¡upon
the¡¡fluctuations¡¡of¡¡variable¡¡seasons¡£

The¡¡district¡¡of¡¡Larnaca¡¡will¡¡offer¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡example¡¡of¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡methods
of¡¡taxation£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡the¡¡figures¡¡have¡¡been¡¡most¡¡kindly¡¡supplied¡¡by¡¡the
authorities¡¡of¡¡the¡¡division£»¡¡they¡¡can¡¡be¡¡thoroughly¡¡relied¡¡upon¡£

The¡¡revenues¡¡of¡¡the¡¡district¡¡£¨Larnaca£©¡¡are¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡following
sources£º


1¡£¡¡Dimes¡¡£¨i¡£e¡£¡¡tenths¡¡of¡¡the¡¡produce£©in¡¡some¡¡instances¡¡may
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡in¡¡kind¡£
2¡£¡¡Property¡¡Tax4¡¡piastres¡¡per¡¡1000¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡value¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡immovable¡¡property£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡buildings£»¡¡land£»¡¡trees£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡is¡¡classed¡¡as¡¡1st¡¡class¡¡Verghi¡£
3¡£¡¡Charge¡¡upon¡¡Income¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡Rents40¡¡piastres
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡per¡¡1000£»¡¡classed¡¡as¡¡2nd¡¡class¡¡Verghi¡£
4¡£¡¡Charge¡¡on¡¡Trade¡¡Profits30¡¡piastres¡¡per¡¡1000£»¡¡3rd¡¡class
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Verghi¡£
5¡£¡¡Exemption¡¡from¡¡Military¡¡Servicethis¡¡tax¡¡levied¡¡upon
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Christians¡¡only£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡rate¡¡of¡¡5000¡¡piastres¡¡for¡¡180¡¡males¡£
6¡£¡¡Duty¡¡upon¡¡Sale¡¡of¡¡Horses£»¡¡Mules£»¡¡Donkeys£»¡¡Camels£»¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡Cattle1¡¡piastre¡¡in¡¡every¡¡40¡¡upon¡¡price£»¡¡also¡¡tax¡¡on¡¡goods
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡weighed¡¡by¡¡public¡¡measurer¡£
7¡£¡¡Tax¡¡on¡¡Flocks¡¡of¡¡Sheep¡¡and¡¡Goats2¡£5¡¡piastres¡¡per¡¡head¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡not¡¡levied¡¡until¡¡the¡¡animal¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡one¡¡year¡¡old¡£


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1¡£¡¡Dimes¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡822£»000
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5¡£¡¡Military¡¡Exemption¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡153£»333¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡25
6¡£¡¡Sales¡¡of¡¡Animals£»¡¡Measures£»¡¡&c¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡450£»000
7¡£¡¡Sheep¡¡and¡¡Goats¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡200£»000
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡_______¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡___
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»932£»659¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡101


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