Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > cyprus, as i saw it in 1879 >

µÚ24½Ú

cyprus, as i saw it in 1879-µÚ24½Ú

С˵£º cyprus, as i saw it in 1879 ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



moved¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡number¡¡of¡¡partridges¡¡during¡¡this¡¡morning's¡¡march£»
and¡¡they¡¡heard¡¡the¡¡peculiar¡¡loud¡¡¡¨chuck¡­a¡­chuck£»¡¡chuck¡­a¡­chuck£»¡¨¡¡of¡¡the
red¡­legs¡¡in¡¡all¡¡directions¡£¡¡As¡¡we¡¡advanced¡¡the¡¡hills¡¡increased¡¡in
height£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡passed¡¡through¡¡a¡¡valley£»¡¡bordered¡¡on¡¡the¡¡right¡¡by¡¡abrupt
cliffs£»¡¡forming¡¡a¡¡wall¡­like¡¡summit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡exceedingly¡¡steep¡¡slope
beneath£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡created¡¡by¡¡the¡¡debris¡¡from¡¡the¡¡wasting¡¡face¡¡of
rock¡£¡¡This¡¡flat¡­topped¡¡height¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡about¡¡500¡¡feet¡¡above¡¡the
valley£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡white¡¡cliff£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡perpendicular¡¡from¡¡the
summit¡¡for¡¡about¡¡one¡¡hundred¡¡feet¡¡to¡¡the¡¡commencement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡steep¡¡green
slope¡¡beneath£»¡¡was¡¡in¡¡one¡¡place¡¡artificially¡¡scarped£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡been¡¡cut
perfectly¡¡smooth¡¡like¡¡the¡¡wall¡¡of¡¡a¡¡stone¡¡building¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡centre¡¡of
this¡¡smooth¡¡face¡¡we¡¡could¡¡plainly¡¡distinguish¡¡a¡¡square¡­cut¡¡entrance£»¡¡to
which¡¡an¡¡exceedingly¡¡narrow¡¡ledge¡¡cut¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rock¡¡formed¡¡a¡¡most
dangerous¡¡approach£»¡¡more¡¡adapted¡¡for¡¡wild¡¡cats¡¡than¡¡for¡¡human¡¡occupants¡£
I¡¡halted¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡this¡¡with¡¡a¡¡good¡¡glass£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡could¡¡perceive¡¡that
the¡¡greatest¡¡care¡¡had¡¡been¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡the¡¡formation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡smooth
perpendicular¡¡front£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡narrow¡¡ledge¡¡which¡¡formed¡¡the¡¡approach
was¡¡a¡¡natural¡¡feature¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡artificially¡¡improved¡£¡¡There¡¡were
several¡¡similar¡¡lines¡¡observable¡¡at¡¡unequal¡¡distances¡¡nearly¡¡parallel
with¡¡each¡¡other£º¡¡these¡¡were¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡limits¡¡of¡¡overlying¡¡strata¡¡in
the¡¡sedimentary¡¡rock£»¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡general¡¡surface¡¡had¡¡fallen¡¡through
decay£»¡¡still¡¡preserved¡¡their¡¡character£»¡¡and¡¡formed¡¡ledges¡£¡¡My¡¡guide
assured¡¡us¡¡that¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡cliff¡¡was¡¡honey¡­combed¡¡by¡¡internal
galleries£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡constructed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡ancients¡¡as¡¡a¡¡place¡¡of
refuge¡¡that¡¡would¡¡contain¡¡several¡¡thousand¡¡persons£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡a¡¡well
existed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡interior£»¡¡which¡¡from¡¡a¡¡great¡¡depth¡¡supplied¡¡the¡¡water¡£¡¡I
have¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡a¡¡notice¡¡of¡¡this¡¡work¡¡in¡¡any¡¡book¡¡upon¡¡Cyprus£»¡¡and¡¡I
regret¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡no¡¡opportunity¡¡of¡¡making¡¡a¡¡close¡¡examination¡¡of¡¡the
artificial¡¡cave£»¡¡which£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡accounts¡¡I¡¡received£»¡¡remains¡¡in¡¡a
perfect¡¡state¡¡to¡¡the¡¡present¡¡moment¡£

It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡wild¡¡route¡¡to¡¡Gallibornu£»¡¡through¡¡a¡¡succession¡¡of¡¡small¡¡valleys
separated¡¡by¡¡wooded¡¡heights£»¡¡and¡¡bounded¡¡by¡¡hills£»¡¡either¡¡bare¡¡in¡¡white
cliffs£»¡¡or¡¡with¡¡steep¡¡slopes¡¡thickly¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡evergreens¡£¡¡We¡¡passed
a¡¡few¡¡miserable¡¡villages£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡which¡¡was¡¡solely¡¡inhabited¡¡by¡¡gipsies£»
who¡¡came¡¡out¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡us¡¡clad¡¡in¡¡rags¡¡and¡¡extremely¡¡filthy£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡faces
of¡¡the¡¡women¡¡were¡¡good¡­looking¡£¡¡We¡¡crossed¡¡numerous¡¡watercourses¡¡in¡¡the
narrow¡¡bottoms¡¡between¡¡the¡¡hills£»¡¡their¡¡steep¡¡banks¡¡were¡¡fringed¡¡with
bushes¡¡which¡¡formed¡¡likely¡¡spots¡¡for¡¡woodcocks£»¡¡but¡¡my¡¡dogs¡¡found
nothing¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡route¡¡except¡¡a¡¡few¡¡partridges¡¡and¡¡francolin£»¡¡although£»
as¡¡usual£»¡¡they¡¡hunted¡¡throughout¡¡the¡¡march¡£¡¡After¡¡crossing¡¡a¡¡series¡¡of
steep¡¡hills£»¡¡and¡¡observing¡¡a¡¡marked¡¡contrast¡¡in¡¡the¡¡habits¡¡of¡¡the
people£»¡¡who¡¡constructed¡¡their¡¡dwellings¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡heights¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡in
the¡¡unhealthy¡¡glens£»¡¡we¡¡arrived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡closely¡¡pent¡­in¡¡valley¡¡that¡¡forms
the¡¡approach¡¡to¡¡Gallibornu¡£¡¡This¡¡village¡¡is¡¡of¡¡considerable¡¡extent£»¡¡and
is¡¡inhabited¡¡exclusively¡¡by¡¡Turks¡£¡¡We¡¡entered¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡through¡¡a
narrow¡¡gap¡¡between¡¡the¡¡hills£»¡¡which¡¡on¡¡our¡¡left¡¡formed¡¡perpendicular
cliffs£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡steep¡¡slopes¡¡of¡¡debris¡¡near¡¡the¡¡base¡£¡¡The¡¡upper
cliffs£»¡¡about¡¡400¡¡feet¡¡above¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡level£»¡¡were¡¡marked¡¡with¡¡numerous
parallel¡¡ledges¡¡and¡¡were¡¡full¡¡of¡¡blue¡­rock¡¡pigeons£»¡¡which¡¡built¡¡their
nests¡¡in¡¡the¡¡clefts¡¡and¡¡crevices£»¡¡the¡¡summits¡¡of¡¡these¡¡heights¡¡were¡¡the
table¡­tops¡¡which¡¡characterise¡¡this¡¡formation¡£

It¡¡was¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡select¡¡a¡¡camping¡­place£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡would¡¡become
mud¡¡in¡¡the¡¡event¡¡of¡¡heavy¡¡rains¡£¡¡We¡¡had¡¡experienced¡¡daily¡¡showers¡¡since
we¡¡left¡¡Volokalida£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡grounds¡¡were¡¡damp£»¡¡I¡¡disliked¡¡the
immediate¡¡neighbourhood¡¡of¡¡a¡¡village£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡only¡¡available¡¡spot¡¡was
rather¡¡dangerous£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡was¡¡situated¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡flattish¡¡knoll£»¡¡so¡¡near¡¡the
base¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cliff¡¡that¡¡enormous¡¡blocks¡¡of¡¡stone¡¡many¡¡tons¡¡in¡¡weight¡¡lay
in¡¡all¡¡directions£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡fallen¡¡from¡¡the¡¡impending¡¡heights¡£¡¡I
examined¡¡these£»¡¡and¡¡found¡¡some¡¡that¡¡were¡¡comparatively¡¡recent£»¡¡I¡¡had
also¡¡observed¡¡upon¡¡our¡¡entrance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡that¡¡a¡¡great¡¡portion¡¡of
the¡¡cliff¡¡face¡¡had¡¡lately¡¡fallen£»¡¡forming¡¡an¡¡avalanche¡¡of¡¡rocks¡¡that
would¡¡have¡¡destroyed¡¡a¡¡village£º¡¡this¡¡my¡¡guide¡¡informed¡¡me¡¡was¡¡the¡¡result
of¡¡last¡¡year's¡¡excessive¡¡rain¡£¡¡I¡¡examined¡¡the¡¡heights¡¡above¡¡us¡¡with¡¡my
glass£»¡¡and¡¡observed¡¡some¡¡crags¡¡that¡¡Polyphemus¡¡would¡¡have¡¡delighted¡¡to
hurl¡¡upon¡¡Acis¡¡when¡¡courting¡¡his¡¡Galatea£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡no¡¡Cyclops¡¡existed¡¡in
this¡¡classical¡¡island¡¡I¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡risk¡¡the¡¡chances¡¡of¡¡a
rock¡­displacement¡¡and¡¡to¡¡pitch¡¡the¡¡tent¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡flat¡¡surface¡¡among¡¡the
fallen¡¡blocks¡£¡¡As¡¡a¡¡rule¡¡such¡¡localities¡¡should¡¡be¡¡avoided¡£¡¡It¡¡is
impossible¡¡to¡¡calculate¡¡the¡¡probable¡¡downfall¡¡of¡¡a¡¡crag£»¡¡which£»¡¡having
formed¡¡a¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cliff£»¡¡has¡¡been¡¡undermined¡¡by¡¡the¡¡breaking¡¡away
of¡¡lower¡¡rocks£»¡¡and£»¡¡overhanging¡¡the¡¡perpendicular£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡secure¡¡during
dry¡¡weather£»¡¡but¡¡may¡¡become¡¡dislodged¡¡in¡¡heavy¡¡rain£»¡¡when¡¡the
cement¡­like¡¡surroundings¡¡are¡¡dissolved£º¡¡the¡¡serious¡¡vibration¡¡caused¡¡by
thunder¡¡might¡¡in¡¡such¡¡conditions¡¡produce¡¡an¡¡avalanche¡£¡¡We¡¡dug¡¡a¡¡deep
trench¡¡round¡¡the¡¡tents£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡weather¡¡looked¡¡overcast¡¡and¡¡stormy¡£

The¡¡village¡¡of¡¡Gallibornu¡¡was¡¡about¡¡half¡¡a¡¡mile¡¡beyond¡¡our¡¡camp¡¡at¡¡the
extreme¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡valley£»¡¡but¡¡situated¡¡on¡¡the¡¡heights¡£¡¡The¡¡people¡¡were
extremely¡¡civil£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡determine¡¡the¡¡maximum
degree¡¡of¡¡courtesy¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Turks¡¡and¡¡Greeks¡¡of¡¡Cyprus¡£¡¡I¡¡strolled
with¡¡my¡¡dogs¡¡up¡¡the¡¡steep¡¡hill¡­sides£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Turks£»¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡I¡¡was
fond¡¡of¡¡shooting£»¡¡promised¡¡to¡¡accompany¡¡me¡¡on¡¡the¡¡following¡¡morning¡¡to
some¡¡happy¡¡hunting¡­ground£»¡¡which£»¡¡from¡¡my¡¡Cyprian¡¡experience£»¡¡I¡¡believed
was¡¡mythical¡£

On¡¡waking¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day¡¡I¡¡found¡¡the¡¡Turks£»¡¡true¡¡to¡¡their¡¡promise£»¡¡already
assembled¡¡by¡¡the¡¡servants'¡¡tent£»¡¡and¡¡eight¡¡men¡¡were¡¡awaiting¡¡me¡¡with
their¡¡guns¡£¡¡They¡¡had¡¡a¡¡sporting¡¡dog¡¡to¡¡assist¡¡them£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡described
as¡¡¡¨very¡¡useful¡¡for¡¡following¡¡a¡¡wounded¡¡hare£»¡¡only¡¡it¡¡was¡¡necessary¡¡to
be¡¡quick¡¡in¡¡securing¡¡it£»¡¡otherwise¡¡the¡¡dog¡¡would¡¡eat¡¡it¡¡before¡¡your
arrival¡£¡¨

I¡¡advised¡¡them¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡this¡¡¡¨useful¡¡dog¡¨¡¡behind£»¡¡as¡¡hostilities¡¡might
be¡¡declared¡¡by¡¡my¡¡three¡¡English¡¡spaniels¡¡in¡¡the¡¡event¡¡of¡¡his¡¡swallowing
a¡¡wounded¡¡hare¡£¡¡This¡¡being¡¡agreed¡¡to£»¡¡we¡¡all¡¡started£»¡¡and£»¡¡crossing¡¡the
valley£»¡¡entered¡¡a¡¡gorge¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side¡£¡¡We¡¡now¡¡ascended¡¡naked¡¡hills
of¡¡pure¡¡crystallised¡¡gypsum£»¡¡the¡¡strata¡¡were¡¡vertical£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡perfectly
transparent¡¡laminae¡¡were¡¡packed¡¡together¡¡like¡¡small¡¡sheets¡¡of¡¡glass¡¡only
a¡¡few¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡width¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡walk¡¡up¡¡the¡¡steep¡¡slopes¡¡of¡¡this
material¡¡without¡¡slipping£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡exterior¡¡edges£»¡¡having¡¡been¡¡exposed¡¡to
the¡¡weather£»¡¡had¡¡become¡¡rough£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡exactly¡¡like¡¡coarse¡¡glass¡¡placed
edgeways¡£¡¡We¡¡spread¡¡out¡¡into¡¡a¡¡line¡¡of¡¡skirmishers¡¡extending¡¡up¡¡the
hills¡¡upon¡¡both¡¡sides¡¡of¡¡the¡¡gorge£»¡¡and¡¡quickly¡¡arrived¡¡in¡¡very¡¡likely
ground¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡dwarf¡­cypress¡£¡¡Here¡¡the¡¡dogs¡¡immediately¡¡flushed
partridges£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡Turk¡¡having¡¡wounded¡¡one£»¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡delay¡¡took
place¡¡in¡¡searching¡¡for¡¡it¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡a¡¡deep¡¡wooded¡¡hollow£»¡¡but¡¡to
no¡¡purpose¡£¡¡We¡¡now¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡lovely¡¡ground¡¡within¡¡a¡¡mile¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sea£»
forming¡¡a¡¡long¡¡succession¡¡of¡¡undulations£»¡¡covered£»¡¡more¡¡or¡¡less£»¡¡with
the¡¡usual¡¡evergreen¡¡brushwood¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡eye¡¡could¡¡reach¡£¡¡This¡¡uneven
surface£»¡¡broken¡¡by¡¡many¡¡watercourses£»¡¡was¡¡about¡¡eighty¡¡feet¡¡above¡¡the
water¡­level£»¡¡and¡¡descended¡¡in¡¡steep¡¡rocky¡¡ledges¡¡to¡¡within¡¡a¡¡few¡¡hundred
yards¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡ground¡¡was¡¡flat¡¡and¡¡alternated¡¡in¡¡open
glades¡¡and¡¡thick¡¡masses¡¡of¡¡mastic¡¡scrub£»¡¡the¡¡beach¡¡being¡¡edged¡¡by¡¡drift
sand¡­dunes¡¡covered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡dense¡¡jungle¡¡of¡¡various¡¡matted¡¡bushes¡£

There¡¡was¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡game¡¡in¡¡this¡¡locality£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡the¡¡Turks¡¡shot
well¡¡we¡¡should¡¡have¡¡made¡¡a¡¡tolerable¡¡bag£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡keep¡¡a¡¡good
line£»¡¡and¡¡many¡¡birds¡¡went¡¡back¡¡without¡¡being¡¡shot¡¡at£»¡¡while¡¡others¡¡were
missed£»¡¡and¡¡altogether¡¡the¡¡shooting¡¡was¡¡extremely¡¡wild¡£¡¡The¡¡sun¡¡was¡¡hot
by¡¡the¡¡time¡¡we¡¡had¡¡concluded¡¡our¡¡beat£»¡¡I¡¡had¡¡shot¡¡five¡¡brace¡¡and¡¡one
hare£»¡¡including¡¡some¡¡francolins£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡party¡¡had
collectively¡¡bagged¡¡three¡¡brace¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡late¡¡in¡¡the¡¡season¡¡for¡¡shooting£»
but¡¡the¡¡birds¡¡were¡¡not¡¡all¡¡paired£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡month
of¡¡September¡¡this¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡island¡¡would¡¡afford¡¡fair¡¡sport£»
although¡¡no¡¡great¡¡bags¡¡could¡¡be¡¡expected¡£¡¡I¡¡was¡¡surprised¡¡at¡¡the¡¡absence
of¡¡woodcocks£»¡¡throughout¡¡my¡¡rambles¡¡in¡¡Cyprus¡¡I¡¡had¡¡only¡¡seen¡¡one£»
although¡¡they¡¡were¡¡cheap¡¡in¡¡the¡¡market¡¡of¡¡Larnaca¡£¡¡The¡¡fact¡¡is¡¡that
every¡¡bird¡¡shot¡¡by¡¡the¡¡natives¡¡is¡¡sent¡¡straight¡¡for¡¡sale£»¡¡therefore¡¡an
immense¡¡area¡¡is¡¡hunted¡¡for¡¡the¡¡small¡¡supply¡¡required¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Europeans¡¡in
the¡¡principal¡¡towns¡£¡¡Upon¡¡our¡¡return¡¡homewards¡¡we¡¡passed¡¡through¡¡a
considerable¡¡space¡¡occupied¡¡by¡¡ancient¡¡ruins¡£¡¡Among¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡of¡¡stones
and¡¡broken¡¡pottery¡¡were¡¡two¡¡stone¡¡sarcophagi£»¡¡which¡¡appeared¡¡to¡¡have
been¡¡converted¡¡into¡¡drinking¡­troughs¡¡for¡¡cattle¡£¡¡As¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡ruins
of¡¡Cyprus£»¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡exists¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡surface£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡tombs
having¡¡been¡¡for¡¡many¡¡centuries¡¡excavated¡¡and¡¡despoiled£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡probable
that¡¡the¡¡sarcophagi¡¡had¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡light¡¡by¡¡treasure¡­seekers¡¡many
years¡¡ago¡£

As¡¡we¡¡approached¡¡Gallibornu¡¡by¡¡a¡¡mountain¡¡path¡¡the¡¡Turks¡¡assured¡¡me¡¡th

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ