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unwilling to go to war察which is a good and honourable thing



  The cowards察he replied。



  And what is good and honourable察I said察is also pleasant



  It has certainly been acknowledged to be so察he replied。



  And do the cowards knowingly refuse to go to the nobler察and



pleasanter察and better



  The admission of that察he replied察would belie our former



admissions。



  But does not the courageous man also go to meet the better察and



pleasanter察and nobler



  That must be admitted。



  And the courageous man has no base fear or base confidence



  True察he replied。



  And if not base察then honourable



  He admitted this。



  And if honourable察then good



  Yes。



  But the fear and confidence of the coward or foolhardy or madman察on



the contrary察are base



  He assented。



  And these base fears and confidences originate in ignorance and



uninstructedness



  True察he said。



  Then as to the motive from which the cowards act察do you call it



cowardice or courage



  I should say cowardice察he replied。



  And have they not been shown to be cowards through their ignorance



of dangers



  Assuredly察he said。



  And because of that ignorance they are cowards



  He assented。



  And the reason why they are cowards is admitted by you to be



cowardice



  He again assented。



  Then the ignorance of what is and is not dangerous is cowardice



  He nodded assent。



  But surely courage察I said察is opposed to cowardice



  Yes。



  Then the wisdom which knows what are and are not dangers is



opposed to the ignorance of them



  To that again he nodded assent。



  And the ignorance of them is cowardice



  To that he very reluctantly nodded assent。



  And the knowledge of that which is and is not dangerous is



courage察and is opposed to the ignorance of these things



  At this point he would no longer nod assent察but was silent。



  And why察I said察do you neither assent nor dissent察Protagoras



  Finish the argument by yourself察he said。



  I only want to ask one more question察I said。 I want to know whether



you still think that there are men who are most ignorant and yet



most courageous



  You seem to have a great ambition to make me answer察Socrates察and



therefore I will gratify you察and say察that this appears to me to be



impossible consistently with the argument。



  My only object察I said察in continuing the discussion察has been the



desire to ascertain the nature and relations of virtue察for if this



were clear察I am very sure that the other controversy which has been



carried on at great length by both of us´you affirming and I denying



that virtue can be taught´would also become clear。 The result of our



discussion appears to me to be singular。 For if the argument had a



human voice察that voice would be heard laughing at us and saying



;Protagoras and Socrates察you are strange beings察there are you



Socrates察who were saying that virtue cannot be taught



contradicting yourself now by your attempt to prove that all things



are knowledge察including justice察and temperance察and courage察which



tends to show that virtue can certainly be taught察for if virtue



were other than knowledge察as Protagoras attempted to prove察then



clearly virtue cannot be taught察but if virtue is entirely



knowledge察as you are seeking to show察then I cannot but suppose



that virtue is capable of being taught。 Protagoras察on the other hand



who started by saying that it might be taught察is now eager to prove



it to be anything rather than knowledge察and if this is true察it



must be quite incapable of being taught。; Now I察Protagoras



perceiving this terrible confusion of our ideas察have a great desire



that they should be cleared up。 And I should like to carry on the



discussion until we ascertain what virtue is察whether capable of being



taught or not察lest haply Epimetheus should trip us up and deceive



us in the argument察as he forgot us in the story察I prefer your



Prometheus to your Epimetheus察for of him I make use察whenever I am



busy about these questions察in Promethean care of my own life。 And



if you have no objection察as I said at first察I should like to have



your help in the enquiry。



  Protagoras replied此Socrates察I am not of a base nature察and I am



the last man in the world to be envious。 I cannot but applaud your



energy and your conduct of an argument。 As I have often said察I admire



you above all men whom I know察and far above all men of your age



and I believe that you will become very eminent in philosophy。 Let



us come back to the subject at some future time察at present we had



better turn to something else。



  By all means察I said察if that is your wish察for I too ought long



since to have kept the engagement of which I spoke before察and only



tarried because I could not refuse the request of the noble Callias。



So the conversation ended察and we went our way。











                             ´THE END´






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