the origins of contemporary france-4-第20节

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of　falsehoods　being　destroyed　another　one　is　officially　established

alongside　of　it；　so　that　there　are　now　two　instead　of　one。　　With　or

without　the　official　label　it　operates　in　every　commune　in　France　and；

as　in　the　past；　it　distributes　with　impunity　its　drug　to　the　public。

This　is　precisely　what　we；　（the　Jacobins）　cannot　tolerate。　　…　We　must；

indeed；　keep　up　appearances；　and；　as　far　as　words　go；　we　will　decree

anew　freedom　of　worship。＇29＇　　But；　in　fact　and　in　practice；　we　will

demolish　the　laboratory　and　prevent　the　drug　from　being　sold；　there

shall　no　longer　be　any　Catholic　worship　in　France；　no　baptism；　no

confession；　no　marriage；　no　extreme　unction；　no　mass；　nobody　shall

preach　or　listen　to　a　sermon；　nobody　shall　administer　or　receive　a

sacrament；　save　in　secret；　and　with　the　prospect　before　him　of

imprisonment　or　the　scaffold。　　…　With　this　object　in　mind；　we　do　one

thing　at　a　time。　　There　is　no　problem　with　the　Church　claiming　to　be

be　orthodox：　its　members　having　refused　to　take　the　oath　are　outlaws；

one　excludes　oneself　from　an　association　when　one　repudiates　the　pact；

they　have　lost　their　qualifications　as　citizens　and　have　become

ordinary　foreigners　under　the　surveillance　of　the　police；　and；　as　they

propagate　around　them　discontent　and　disobedience；　they　are　not　only

foreigners　but　seditious　persons；　enemies　in　disguise；　the　authors　of

a　secret　and　widespread　Vendée；　it　is　not　necessary　for　us　to

prosecute　them　as　charlatans；　it　is　sufficient　to　strike　them　down　as

rebels。　　As　such；　we　have　already　banished　from　France　all　unsworn

ecclesiastics；　about　forty　thousand　priests；　and　we　are　deporting

those　who　did　not　cross　the　frontier　within　the　allotted　time：　we

allow　only　sexagenarians　and　the　infirm　to　remain　on　French　soil；　and；

again；　as　prisoners　and　in　seclusion；　they　incur　the　penalty　of　death

if　they　do　not　of　their　own　accord　report　to　the　prisons　of　their

country　town；　the　banished　who　return　home　incur　the　penalty　of　death；

and　there　is　penalty　of　death　against　those　who　shelter　priests。＇30＇

Consequently；　in　default　of　an　orthodox　clergy；　there　must　no　longer

be　an　orthodox　worship；　the　most　dangerous　of　the　two　manufactories　of

superstition　is　shut　down。　　That　the　sale　of　this　poisonous　food　may

be　more　surely　stopped　we　punish　those　who　ask　for　it　the　same　as

those　who　provide　it；　and　we　prosecute　not　only　the　pastors；　but；

again；　the　fanatics　of　the　flock；　if　these　are　not　the　authors　of　the

ecclesiastical　rebellion　they　are　its　promoters　and　accomplices。　　Now；

thanks　to　the　schism　among　them；　we　already　know　who　they　are；　and；　in

each　commune；　the　list　is　made　out。　　We　style　as　fanatics　all　who

reject　the　ministry　of　the　sworn　priests；　the　bourgeois　who　calls　him

an　interloper；　all　the　nuns　who　do　not　confess　to　him；　all　the

peasants　who　stay　away　from　his　mass；　all　the　old　women　who　do　not

kiss　his　paten；　and　all　the　relations　of　an　infant　who　do　not　wish　him

to　baptize　it。　　All　these　people　and　those　who　associate　with　them；

whether　allied；　close　relatives；　friends；　guests　or　visitors；　of

whatever　class；　either　men　or　women；　are　seditious　at　heart；　and；

therefore；　〃suspects。〃　We　deprive　them　of　their　electoral　rights；　we

withdraw　their　pensions；　we　impose　on　them　special　taxation；　we

confine　them　to　their　dwellings；　we　imprison　them　by　thousands；　and

guillotine　them　by　hundreds；　the　rest　will　gradually　become

discouraged　and　abandon　an　impracticable　cult。＇31＇　　…　The　lukewarm

remain；　the　sheep…like　crowd　which　holds　on　to　its　rites：　the

Constituent　Assembly　will　seize　them　wherever　it　finds　them；　and；　as

they　are　the　same　in　the　authorized　as　in　the　refractory　church；

instead　of　seeking　them　with　the　priest　who　does　not　submit；　it　will

seek　them　with　the　one　who　does。　　But　it　will　proceed　without　zeal；

without　confidence；　often　even　with　distrust；　questioning　itself

whether　these　rites；　being　administered　by　one　who　is　excommunicated；

are　not　of　doubtful　quality。　　Such　a　church　is　not　sound；　and　we　have

only　to　give　it　a　push　to　knock　it　down。　　We　will　do　all　we　can　to

discredit　constitutional　priests：　we　will　prohibit　them　from　wearing

the　ecclesiastical　costume；　and　force　them　by　law　to　bestow　the

nuptial　benediction　on　their　apostate　brethren；　we　will　employ　terror

and　imprisonment　to　constrain　them　to　marry；　we　will　given　them　no

respite　until　they　return　to　civil　life；　some　admitting　themselves　to

be　impostors；　many　by　surrendering　their　priestly　credentials；　and

most　of　them　by　resigning　their　places。＇32＇　　Deprived　of　leaders　by

these　voluntary　or　forced　desertions；　the　Catholic　flock　will　allow

itself　to　be　easily　led　out　of　the　fold；　while；　to　remove　all

temptation　to　go　back；　we　will　tear　the　enclosure　down。　　In　the

communes　in　which　we　are　masters　we　will　make　the　Jacobins　of　the

place　demand　the　abolition　of　worship；　while；　in　other　communes；　we

will　get　rid　of　this　authoritatively　through　our　missionary

representatives。　　We　will　close　the　churches；　demolish　the　steeples；

melt　down　the　bells；　send　all　sacred　vessels　to　the　Mint；　smash　the

images　of　the　saints；　desecrate　relics；　prohibit　religious　burials；

impose　the　civil　burial；　prescribe　rest　during　the　décadi＇33＇　and

labor　on　Sundays。　　No　exception　whatever。　　Since　all　positive

religions　deal　in　error；　we　will　outlaw　them　all：　we　will　exact　from

Protestant　clergymen　a　public　abjuration；　we　will　not　let　the　Jews

practice　their　ceremonies；　we　will　have　〃an　'auto…da…fé；'　of　all　the

books　and　symbols　of　the　faith　of　Moses。〃＇34＇　　But；　of　all　these

various　juggling　machines；　the　worst　is　the　Catholic；　the　most　hostile

to　nature　due　to　the　celibacy　of　its　priesthood；　the　most　opposed　to

reason　in　the　absurdity　of　its　dogmas；　the　most　opposed　to　democracy；

since　its　powers　are　delegated　from　above　downwards；　the　best

protected　from　civil　authority　because　its　head　is　outside　of

France。＇35＇　　Accordingly；　we　must　be　most　furious　against　it；　even

after　Thermidor；＇36＇　we　will　keep　up　constant　persecution；　great　and

small；　up　to　the　Consulate；　we　will　deport　and　shoot　the　priests；　we

will　revive　against　fanatics　the　laws　of　the　Reign　of　Terror；　we　will

hamper　their　movements；　we　will　exhaust　their　patience；　we　will　keep

them　anxious　during　the　day　and　restless　at　night；　we　will　not　give

them　a　moment's　repose。＇37＇　We　will　restrict　the　population　to　the

decadal　cult　only；　we　will　change　the　market…days；　so　that　no　believer

shall　be　able　to　buy　fish　on　a　fast…day。＇38＇　…　We　have　nothing　more　at

heart　than　this　war　against　Catholicism；　no　article　on　our　program

will　be　carried　out　with　more　determination　and　perseverance。　　The

question　involved　is　truth。　　We　are　its　guardians；　its　champions；　its

ministers；　and　never　did　the　servants　of　truth　apply　force　with　such

minute　detail　and　such　effect　to　the　extirpation　of　error。



V。　　　Equality　and　Inequality。



Social　inequality。　　…　Malice　of　the　aristocratic　race。　　…　Measures

against　the　King　and　Nobles。　　…　Malice　of　the　aristocracy　of　wealth。

…　Measures　against　landowners；　capitalists　and　people　with　incomes。　　…

Destruction　of　large　fortunes。　　…　Measures　taken　to　prevent　the　large

fortunes　in　reconstituting　themselves。



Next　to　superstition　there　is　another　monster　to　be　destroyed；　and；

also　here　it　was　the　Constituent　Assembly　that　had　begun　the　assault。

But　it　had　also；　through　lack　of　courage　or　of　logic；　it　stopped；

after　two　or　three　feeble　blows：

*　Banning　of　heraldic　insignia；　titles　of　nobility　and　territorial

names；

*　abolition；　without　indemnity；　of　all　the　dues　belonging　to　the

seigneur　by　right　of　his　former　proprietorship　over　persons；

*　abolition　of　the　permission　to　purchase　other　feudal　rights　at　a

price　agreed　upon；

*　limitation　of　royal　power。

This　was　little　enough。　　When　it　concerns　usurpers　and　tyrants　they

must　be　treated　in　another　fashion；　for　their　privilege　is；　of　itself；

an　outrage　on　the　rights　of　man。　　Consequently；



*　we　（the　Jacobins）　have　dethroned　the　King　and　cut　off　his　head；＇39＇

*　we　have　suppressed；　without　indemnity；　the　entire　feudal　debt；

comprising　the　rights　vested　in　the　seigneurs　by　virtue　of　their　being

owners　of　real…estate；　and　merely　lessors；

*　we　have　abandoned　their　persons　and　possessions　to　the　claims　and

rancor　of　local　jacqueries；

*　we　have　reduced　them　to　emigration；

*　we　imprison　them　if　they　stay　at　home；

*　we　guillotine　them　if　they　return。



（As　the　aristocrats　are）Reared　in　habits　of　supremacy；　and　convinced

that　they　are　of　a　different　species　from　other　men；　the　prejudices　of

their　race　are　incorrigible；　they　are　incapable　of　companionship　with

their　social　equals；　we　cannot　too　carefully　crush　them　out；　or；　at

the　very　least；　hold　them　firmly　down。＇40＇　　Besides；　they　are　guilty

from　the　fact　of　having　existed；　for；　they　have　taken　both　the　lead

and　the　command　without　any　right　to　do　so；　and；　in　violation　of　all

right；　they　have　misused　mank