the origins of contemporary france-4-第115节
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Frederic Burger; Thermidor 25。 … Archives Nationales; AF。;
II。;111。(Order of Representatives Merlincourt and Amar; Grenoble;
April 27; 1793。) 〃The persons charged with the actual government of
and instruction in the public establishments known in this town under
the titles of; 1st; Orphelines; 2nd Presentins; 3rd Capuchins; 4th ;
Le Propagation; 5th ; Hospice for female servants。 。 。 。 are put
under arrest and are forbidden to take any part whatever in the
functions relating to teaching; education or instruction。〃
'141' Moniteur; XXI。; 645。 (Session of the Convention; Fructidor 14;
year II。) … 〃Bibliotèque nationale;〃 LB41; 1802; (Denounciation of the
six sections of the commune of Dijon); 3: 〃Woe betide those are seen
in any way; either due to an honest affluence; a good education; an
elegant dress or some talent or other; as being different from their
fellow citizens! They are likely to be persecuted or to be killed。〃
'142' Perhaps there is a connection with Mao Zedong and the Chinese
Cultural Revolution。 (SR。)
'143' Moniteur; XVIII。; 51。 (Letter by Carrier; Brumaire 17; year
II。) … Berryat Saint…Prix; pp。36 and 38。
'144' Berriat…Saint…Prix; 240 (The imprisoned at Brest。) …
Duchaltelier (〃Brest pendant la Terreur;〃 205)。 Of the 975 prisoners;
106 were former nobles; 239 female nobles; 174 priests or monks; 206
nuns; 111 seamstresses; female workers etc; 56 were farmers; 46
artisans or workers; 17 merchants; 3 with a liberal profession。 One
is imprisoned for having secret opinions〃 a girl; 〃for being witty and
laughing at the patriots。〃
'145' Mallet…Dupan; 〃Correspondance Politique。〃 Introduction; p。
VIII。 (Hamburg; 1796。)
'146' Portalis; 〃De la Révision des Jugements;〃 1795。 (Saint…Beuve;
〃Causeries du Lundi;〃 V。; 452。) … Moniteur。 XXII; 86 (Report of
Grégoire; 14 Fructidor; year II): 〃Dumas said that all clever men (les
hommes d'esprit) should be sent to the guillotine。 。 。 Henriot
proposed to burn the National Library。 。 。 。 and his proposal is
repeated in Marseille。 。 。 The systematic persecution of talented
persons was organized。 。 。 。 〃 Shouts had been heard in the
sections: 〃Beware of that man as he as written a book。〃
'147' 〃Tableau des Prisons de Toulouse〃 by Pescayre; prisoner; year
III; p。 317 ( Messidor 22nd; year II)。 Pinson; secretary of the
reception; indoctrinated as follows the old duke de Lesparre:
〃Citoyen; your detention is used by your country as a means of
conversion。 Eight of your immediate family have; because they did not
take advantage of his opportunity; carried their heads to the
scaffold。 What have you done to avoid the sword of justice? Speak!
What are your feelings? Let us hear your principles。 Have you at last
renounced the arrogance of the ancient regime? Do you believe in
equality established by nature and ordained by the Convention? Who are
the sans…culottes you associate with? Is your cell not a meeting place
for the aristocrats? 。 。 。 It is I; who in the future will be your
company; I; who will make you familiar with the republican principles;
who will make you love them; and who will take care of your
improvement。〃
'148' Taillandier; Mémoires écrits par Daunau; à Port…Libre; in Aug。
1794; p。51; 52。
'149' Granier du Cassagnac; 〃Histoire du Directoire;〃 i。; 107。 (Trial
of Babeuf; extracts from Buonarotti; programme des 〃Egaux。〃) All
literature in favor of Revelation must be prohibited: children are to
be brought up in common; the child will no longer bear his father's
name; no Frenchman shall leave France; towns shall be demolished;
chateaux torn down and books proscribed; all Frenchmen shall wear one
special costume; armies shall be commanded by civil magistrates; the
dead shall be prosecuted and obtain burial only according to the
favorable decision of the court; no written document shall be
published without the consent of the government; etc。〃 … Cf。 〃Les
Meditations de Saint…Just。〃
'150' Guillon de Montléon; II。; 174。
'151' 〃Memoires sur les Prisons;〃 I。; 211; II。; 187。 … Beaulieu;
〃Essais;〃 V。; 320。 〃The prisons became the rendezvous of good
society。〃
'152' 〃The Revolution;〃 vol。3; ch。 6; ante。
'153' Chateaubriand: 〃Génie du Christianisme;〃 part 4; book II。; notes
on the exhumations at St。 Denis taken by a monk; an eye…witness。
Destruction; August 6 and 8; 1793; of fifty…one monuments。 Exhumation
of bodies; October 12 and 25; 1793。 … Camille Boursier; 〃Essai sur la
Terreur en Anjou;〃 p。223。 (Testimony of Bordier…Langlois。) 〃I saw the
head of our good Duke Réné; deposited in the chapel of St。 Bernardin;
in the Cordéliers at Angers; tossed like a ball by some laborers from
one to the other。〃
'154' R。 Chantelauze; 〃Louis XVII。;〃 (according to unpublished
documents)。 This book; free of declamation and composed according to
the critical method; sets this question at rest。
'155' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Revolutionnaire;〃 III。; 285。 …
Campardon; 〃Hist。 du Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris;〃 I。; 306。
Brochet; one of the jury; was formerly a lackey。
'156' The above simply conveys the sense of the document; which is
here given in the original: 〃Si tu n'est pas toute seulle et que le
compagnion soit a travailier tu peus ma chaire amie venir voir juger
24 mesieurs tous si…deven président on conselier au parlement de Paris
et de Toulouse。 Je t' ainvite a prendre quelque choge aven de venir
parcheque nous naurons pas fini de 3 hurres。 Je tembrase ma chère
amie et épouge。〃 (TR)。
'157' Wallon; III。; 402。
'158' Campardon; II。; 350。 … Cf。 Causeries du Lundi;〃 II。; 164。
Saint…Beuve's comment on the examination。 〃André Chénier; natife de
Constantinoble。。。。son frère vice…consulte en Espagne。 〃Remark the
questions on his health and correspondence and the cock…and…bull story
about the 'maison a cotté。' 〃 … They ask him where his servant was on
the 10th of August; 1792; and he replies that he could not tell。 〃A
lui representé qua lepoque de cette journee que touts les bons
citoyent ny gnoroit point leurs existence et quayant enttendue batte
la générale cettait un motife de plus pour reconnoitre tous les bons
citoyent et le motife au quelle il setait employée pour sauvee la
Republique。 A repondue quil avoit dite l'exacte véritée。 A lui
demandée quel etoit dite l'exacte veritée … a repondue que cetoit
toutes ce qui etoit cy dessue。〃
CHAPTER II。 Food and Provisions。
I。 Economical Complexity of Food Chain。
Complexity of the economical operation by which articles of prime
necessity reach the consumer。… Conditions of the operation。 …
Available resources。 … Cases in which these are not available。 …
Case of the holder of these being no longer disposed to make them。
Suppose a man forced to walk with his feet in the air and his head
downward。 By using extremely energetic measures he might; for a
while; be made to maintain this unwholesome attitude; and certainly at
the expense of a bruised or broken skull; it is very probable;
moreover; that he would use his feet convulsively and kick terribly。
But it is certain that if this course were persisted in; the man would
experience intolerable pain and finally sink down; the blood would
stop circulating and suffocation would ensue; the trunk and limbs
would suffer as much as the head; and the feet would become numb and
inert。 … Such is more or less the history of France under its Jacobin
pedagogues; their rigid theory and persistent brutality impose on the
nation an attitude against nature; consequently she suffers; and each
day suffers more and more; the paralysis increases; the functions get
out of order and cease to act; while the last and principal one;'1'
the most urgent; namely; physical support and the daily nourishment of
the living individual; is so badly accomplished; against so many
obstacles; interruptions; uncertainties and deficiencies; that the
patient; reduced to extreme want; asks if to…morrow will not be worse
than to…day; and whether his semi…starvation will not end in complete
starvation。
Nothing; apparently; is simpler; and yet really more complex; than the
physiological process by which; in the organized body; the proper
restorative food flows regularly to the spot where it is needed; among
the innumerably diverse and distant cells。 In like manner; nothing is
simpler at the first glance; and yet more complex; than the economical
process by which; in the social organism; provisions and other
articles of prime necessity; flow of themselves to all points of the
territory where they are needed and within reach of each consumer。 It
is owing to this that; in the social body as in the organized body;
the terminal act presupposes many others anterior to and co…ordinate
with it; a series of elaborations; a succession of metamorphoses; one
elimination and