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I am vexed that my Essays only serve the ladies for a common piece of
furniture; and a piece for the hall; this chapter will make me part of
the water…closet。  I love to traffic with them a little in private;
public conversation is without favour and without savour。  In farewells;
we oftener than not heat our affections towards the things we take leave
of; I take my last leave of the pleasures of this world: these are our
last embraces。

But let us come to my subject: what has the act of generation; so
natural; so necessary; and so just; done to men; to be a thing not to
be spoken of without blushing; and to be excluded from all serious and
moderate discourse?   We boldly pronounce kill; rob; betray; and that we
dare only to do betwixt the teeth。  Is it to say; the less we expend in
words; we may pay so much the more in thinking?  For it is certain that
the words least in use; most seldom written; and best kept in; are the
best and most generally known: no age; no manners; are ignorant of them;
no more than the word bread they imprint themselves in every one without
being; expressed; without voice; and without figure; and the sex that
most practises it is bound to say least of it。  'Tis an act that we have
placed in the franchise of silence; from which to take it is a crime even
to accuse and judge it; neither dare we reprehend it but by periphrasis
and picture。  A great favour to a criminal to be so execrable that
justice thinks it unjust to touch and see him; free; and safe by the
benefit of the severity of his condemnation。  Is it not here as in matter
of books; that sell better and become more public for being suppressed?
For my part; I will take Aristotle at his word; who says; that
〃bashfulness is an ornament to youth; but a reproach to old age。〃  These
verses are preached in the ancient school; a school that I much more
adhere to than the modern: its virtues appear to me to be greater; and
the vices less:

              〃Ceux qui par trop fuyant Venus estrivent;
               Faillent autant que ceulx qui trop la suyvent。〃

     '〃They err as much who too much forbear Venus; as they who are too
     frequent in her rites。〃A translation by Amyot from Plutarch; A
     philosopher should converse with princes。'

              〃Tu; dea; rerum naturam sola gubernas;
               Nec sine to quicquam dias in luminis oras
               Exoritur; neque fit laetum; nec amabile quidquam。〃

     '〃Goddess; still thou alone governest nature; nor without thee
     anything comes into light; nothing is pleasant; nothing joyful。〃
     Lucretius; i。 22。'

I know not who could set Pallas and the Muses at variance with Venus; and
make them cold towards Love; but I see no deities so well met; or that
are more indebted to one another。  Who will deprive the Muses of amorous
imaginations; will rob them of the best entertainment they have; and of
the noblest matter of their work: and who will make Love lose the
communication and service of poesy; will disarm him of his best weapons:
by this means they charge the god of familiarity and good will; and the
protecting goddesses of humanity and justice; with the vice of
ingratitude and unthankfulness。  I have not been so long cashiered from
the state and service of this god; that my memory is not still perfect in
his force and value:

               〃Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae;〃

     '〃I recognise vestiges of my old flame。〃AEneid。; iv。 23。'

There are yet some remains of heat and emotion after the fever:

          〃Nec mihi deficiat calor hic; hiemantibus annis!〃

     '〃Nor let this heat of youth fail me in my winter years。〃'

Withered and drooping as I am; I feel yet some remains of the past
ardour:

              〃Qual l'alto Egeo; per the Aquilone o Noto
               Cessi; the tutto prima il volse et scosse;
               Non 's accheta ei pero; ma'l suono e'l moto
               Ritien del l'onde anco agitate e grosse:〃

          '〃As Aegean seas; when storms be calmed again;
          That rolled their tumbling waves with troublous blasts;
          Do yet of tempests passed some show retain;
          And here and there their swelling billows cast。〃Fairfax。'

but from what I understand of it; the force and power of this god are
more lively and animated in the picture of poesy than in their own
essence:

                    〃Et versus digitos habet:〃

          '〃Verse has fingers。〃Altered from Juvenal; iv。 196。'

it has I know not what kind of air; more amorous than love itself。  Venus
is not so beautiful; naked; alive; and panting; as she is here in Virgil:

         〃Dixerat; et niveis hinc atque hinc Diva lacertis
          Cunctantem amplexu molli fovet。  Ille repente
          Accepit solitam flammam; notusque medullas
          Intravit calor; et labefacta per ossa cucurrit
          Non secus atque olim tonitru; cum rupta corusco
          Ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos。
          。 。 。 。 。 。  Ea verba loquutus;
          Optatos dedit amplexus; placidumque petivit
          Conjugis infusus gremio per membra soporem。〃

     '〃The goddess spoke; and throwing round him her snowy arms in soft
     embraces; caresses him hesitating。  Suddenly he caught the wonted
     flame; and the well…known warmth pierced his marrow; and ran
     thrilling through his shaken bones: just as when at times; with
     thunder; a stream of fire in lightning flashes shoots across the
     skies。  Having spoken these words; he gave her the wished embrace;
     and in the bosom of his spouse sought placid sleep。〃
     AEneid; viii。  387 and 392。'

All that I find fault with in considering it is; that he has represented
her a little too passionate for a married Venus; in this discreet kind of
coupling; the appetite is not usually so wanton; but more grave and dull。
Love hates that people should hold of any but itself; and goes but
faintly to work in familiarities derived from any other title; as
marriage is: alliance; dowry; therein sway by reason; as much or more
than grace and beauty。  Men do not marry for themselves; let them say
what they will; they marry as much or more for their posterity and
family; the custom and interest of marriage concern our race much more
than us; and therefore it is; that I like to have a match carried on by a
third hand rather than a man's own; and by another man's liking than that
of the party himself; and how much is all this opposite to the
conventions of love?  And also it is a kind of incest to employ in this
venerable and sacred alliance the heat and extravagance of amorous
licence; as I think I have said elsewhere。  A man; says Aristotle; must
approach his wife with prudence and temperance; lest in dealing too
lasciviously with her; the extreme pleasure make her exceed the bounds of
reason。  What he says upon the account of conscience; the physicians say
upon the account of health: 〃that a pleasure excessively lascivious;
voluptuous; and frequent; makes the seed too hot; and hinders
conception〃: 'tis said; elsewhere; that to a languishing intercourse; as
this naturally is; to supply it with a due and fruitful heat; a man must
do it but seldom and at appreciable intervals:

          〃Quo rapiat sitiens Venerem; interiusque recondat。〃

     '〃But let him thirstily snatch the joys of love and enclose them in
     his bosom。〃Virg。; Georg。; iii。 137。'

I see no marriages where the conjugal compatibility sooner fails than
those that we contract upon the account of beauty and amorous desires;
there should be more solid and constant foundation; and they should
proceed with greater circumspection; this furious ardour is worth
nothing。

They who think they honour marriage by joining love to it; do; methinks;
like those who; to favour virtue; hold that nobility is nothing else but
virtue。  They are indeed things that have some relation to one another;
but there is a great deal of difference; we should not so mix their names
and titles; 'tis a wrong to them both so to confound them。  Nobility is a
brave quality; and with good reason introduced; but forasmuch as 'tis a
quality depending upon others; and may happen in a vicious person; in
himself nothing; 'tis in estimate infinitely below virtue';

     '〃If nobility be virtue; it loses its quality in all things wherein
     not virtuous: and if it be not virtue; 'tis a small matter。〃
     La Byuyere。'

'tis a virtue; if it be one; that is artificial and apparent; depending
upon time and fortune: various in form; according to the country; living
and mortal; without birth; as the river Nile; genealogical and common;;
of succession and similitude; drawn by consequence; and a very weak one。
Knowledge; strength; goodness; beauty; riches; and all other qualities;
fall into communication and commerce; but this is consummated in itself;
and of no use to the service of others。  There was proposed to one of our
kings the choice of two candidates for the same command; of whom one was
a gentleman; the other not; he ordered that; without respect to quality;
they should choose him who had the most merit; but where the worth of the
competitors should appear to be en

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