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contains more reality。







Wherefore; in order to determine; wherein the human mind differs



from other things; and  wherein it surpasses them; it is



necessary for us to know the nature of its object; that is;  of



the human body。  What this nature is; I am not able here to



explain; nor is it necessary  for the proof of what I advance;



that I should do so。  I will only say generally; that in 



proportion as any given body is more fitted than others for doing



many actions or receiving  many impressions at once; so also is



the mind; of which it is the object; more fitted than  others for



forming many simultaneous perceptions; and the more the actions



of the body  depend on itself alone; and the fewer other bodies



concur with it in action; the more fitted  is the mind of which



it is the object for distinct comprehension。  We may thus



recognize  the superiority of one mind over others; and may



further see the cause; why we have only a  very confused



knowledge of our body; and also many kindred questions; which I



will; in  the following propositions; deduce from what has been



advanced。  Wherefore I have  thought it worth while to explain



and prove more strictly my present statements。  In order  to do



so; I must premise a few propositions concerning the nature of



bodies。







…Axiom I。  All bodies are either in motion or at rest。







…Axiom II。  Every body is moved sometimes more slowly;



sometimes more quickly。







Lemma I。  Bodies are distinguished from one another in respect of



motion and rest;  quickness and slowness; and not in respect of



substance。







》》》》》ProofThe first part of this proposition is; I take it;



self…evident。  That bodies are  not distinguished in respect of



substance; is plain both from I。 v。 and I。 viii。  It is brought 



out still more clearly from I。 xv。; Note。







Lemma II。  All bodies agree in certain respects。







》》》》》ProofAll bodies agree in the fact; that they involve the



conception of one and the  same attribute (II。; Def。 i。)。 



Further; in the fact that they may be moved less or more 



quickly; and may be absolutely in motion or at rest。







Lemma III。  A body in motion or at rest must be determined to



motion or rest by another  body; which other body has been



determined to motion or rest by a third body; and that  third



again by a fourth; and so on to infinity。







》》》》》ProofBodies are individual things (II。; Def。 i。); which



(Lemma i。) are distinguished  one from the other in respect to



motion and rest; thus (I。 xxviii。) each must necessarily be 



determined to motion or rest by another individual thing; namely



(II。 vi。) by another body;  which other body is also (Ax。 i。) in



motion or at rest。  And this body again can only have  been set



in motion or caused to rest by being determined by a third body



to motion or rest。   This third body again by a fourth; and so on



to infinity。  Q。E。D。








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